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COVID-19 Treatments and Therapeutics
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COVID-19 Treatments and Therapeutics

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 4238

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kiriakos Karkoulias

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
Interests: COVID-19; obstructive sleep apnea; lung cancer; COPD
Dr. Dimosthenis Lykouras

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
Interests: COVID-19; asthma; COPD; lung cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to take part in the upcoming Special Issue entitled “COVID-19 Treatments and Therapeutics” in the Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383), an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal listed under PubMed on clinical and preclinical research with an impact factor of 3.9.

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world and has put a lot of pressure on health systems. Much attention has been paid towards the development of safe and effective ways to either prevent infection or treat patients. In a time-constricted and competitive environment, a number of new treatments and therapeutic options have already been developed, and others are in the pipeline.

This Special Issue is open to original research papers, case series, and reviews. The objective of this Special Issue is to provide expert analysis of the current and evolving treatments and other therapeutic modalities for COVID-19. We are particularly interested in manuscripts that report the importance of preventing options against SARS-CoV-2 (vaccines, protective measures), available treatments for COVID-19 patients, and the importance of post-COVID follow-up. The main topics include, but are not limited to: (1) vaccines against SARS-CoV-2; (2) drugs for patients at home; (3) treatments for hospitalized patients; (4) oxygen delivery systems; (5) treatment options for the critically ill; (6) post-COVID management; and (7) treating interstitial lung disease due to COVID-19.

Along with the journal staff, I will personally be available to assist you in preparing your manuscript for this Special Issue. International collaborations and knowledge sharing are highly encouraged. You are welcome to contact me directly with any questions you may have. Thank you in advance.

Dr. Kiriakos Karkoulias
Dr. Dimosthenis Lykouras
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • vaccines
  • remdesivir
  • molnupiravir
  • post-COVID
  • high-flow nasal oxygen
  • NIV
  • CPAP

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2089 KiB  
Article
Antithrombotic Use Patterns in COVID-19 Patients from Spain: A Real-World Data Study
by Karen Lizzette Ramirez-Cervantes, Salvador Campillo-Morales, Patricia García-Poza, Manuel Quintana-Díaz and Consuelo Huerta-Álvarez
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(8), 2403; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082403 - 20 Apr 2024
Viewed by 461
Abstract
Antithrombotics have been widely used to treat and prevent COVID-19-related thrombosis; however, studies on their use at population levels are limited. We aimed to describe antithrombotic use patterns during the pandemic in Spanish primary care and hospital-admitted patients with COVID-19. Methods: A real-world [...] Read more.
Antithrombotics have been widely used to treat and prevent COVID-19-related thrombosis; however, studies on their use at population levels are limited. We aimed to describe antithrombotic use patterns during the pandemic in Spanish primary care and hospital-admitted patients with COVID-19. Methods: A real-world data study was performed. Data were obtained from BIFAP’s electronic health records. We investigated the antithrombotic prescriptions made within ±14 days after diagnosis between March 2020 and February 2022, divided their use into prior and new/naive groups, and reported their post-discharge use. Results: We included 882,540 individuals (53.4% women), of whom 78,499 were hospitalized. The median age was 44.7 (IQR 39–59). Antithrombotics were prescribed in 37,183 (4.6%) primary care subjects and 42,041 (53.6%) hospital-admitted patients, of whom 7505 (20.2%) and 20,300 (48.3%), respectively, were naive users. Prior users were older and had more comorbidities than new users. Enoxaparin was the most prescribed antithrombotic in hospitals, with higher prescription rates in new than prior users (2348.2, IQR 2390–3123.1 vs. 1378, IQR 1162–1751.6 prescriptions per 10,000 cases, p = 0.002). In primary care, acetylsalicylic acid was the most used antithrombotic, with higher use rates in prior than in naïve users. Post-discharge use occurred in 6686 (15.9%) subjects (median use = 10 days, IQR 9-30). Conclusions: Our study identified a consensus on prescribing antithrombotics in COVID-19 patients, but with low use rates in hospitals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Treatments and Therapeutics)
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25 pages, 5150 KiB  
Article
Personalized Assessment of Mortality Risk and Hospital Stay Duration in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Treated with Remdesivir: A Machine Learning Approach
by Antonio Ramón, Andrés Bas, Santiago Herrero, Pilar Blasco, Miguel Suárez and Jorge Mateo
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 1837; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071837 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 681
Abstract
Background: Despite advancements in vaccination, early treatments, and understanding of SARS-CoV-2, its impact remains significant worldwide. Many patients require intensive care due to severe COVID-19. Remdesivir, a key treatment option among viral RNA polymerase inhibitors, lacks comprehensive studies on factors associated with its [...] Read more.
Background: Despite advancements in vaccination, early treatments, and understanding of SARS-CoV-2, its impact remains significant worldwide. Many patients require intensive care due to severe COVID-19. Remdesivir, a key treatment option among viral RNA polymerase inhibitors, lacks comprehensive studies on factors associated with its effectiveness. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 2022, analyzing data from 252 hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir. Six machine learning algorithms were compared to predict factors influencing remdesivir’s clinical benefits regarding mortality and hospital stay. Results: The extreme gradient boost (XGB) method showed the highest accuracy for both mortality (95.45%) and hospital stay (94.24%). Factors associated with worse outcomes in terms of mortality included limitations in life support, ventilatory support needs, lymphopenia, low albumin and hemoglobin levels, flu and/or coinfection, and cough. For hospital stay, factors included vaccine doses, lung density, pulmonary radiological status, comorbidities, oxygen therapy, troponin, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and asthenia. Conclusions: These findings underscore XGB’s effectiveness in accurately categorizing COVID-19 patients undergoing remdesivir treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Treatments and Therapeutics)
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15 pages, 753 KiB  
Article
Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial
by Sofía Laguarta-Val, David Varillas-Delgado, Ángel Lizcano-Álvarez, Alberto Molero-Sánchez, Alberto Melian-Ortiz, Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda and Carmen Jiménez-Antona
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(4), 1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041035 - 11 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1237
Abstract
Background: Long-COVID syndrome comprises a variety of signs and symptoms that develop during or after infection with COVID-19 which may affect the physical capabilities. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of Long-COVID syndrome in sport capabilities after suffering from [...] Read more.
Background: Long-COVID syndrome comprises a variety of signs and symptoms that develop during or after infection with COVID-19 which may affect the physical capabilities. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of Long-COVID syndrome in sport capabilities after suffering from COVID-19 infection. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare lactate concentration and quality of life (QoL) in patients with Long-COVID with those who have not developed non-Long-COVID during Nordic walking exercise therapy. Methods: Twenty-nine patients (25.5 ± 7.1 years) took part in a non-randomized controlled trial, divided into two groups: a Long-COVID group (n = 16) and a non-Long-COVID control (n = 13). Patients were confirmed as having Long-COVID syndrome if they experienced fatigue or tiredness when performing daily activities and worsening of symptoms after vigorous physical or mental activity. All participants underwent a 12-week Nordic Walking program. Lactate concentration after exercise and distance covered during all sessions were measured. Pre- and Long-Nordic Walking program, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), and EURO QoL-5D (EQ-ED) were administered to assess fatigue and quality of life, respectively. Results: There was a lactate concentration effect between groups (F = 5.604; p = 0.024). However, there was no significant effect as a result of the session (F = 3.521; p = 0.121) with no interaction of group × session (F = 1.345; p = 0.414). The group main effect (F = 23.088; p < 0.001), time effect (F = 6.625; p = 0.026), and group × time (F = 4.632; p = 0.002) interaction on the SF-36 scale were noted. Also, there were a significant group main effect (F = 38.372; p < 0.001), time effect (F = 12.424; p = 0.005), and group × time interaction (F = 4.340; p = 0.014) on EQ-5D. However, there was only a significant group main effect (F = 26.235; p < 0.001) with no effect on time (F = 2.265; p = 0.160) and group × time (F = 1.584; p = 0.234) interaction on the MFIS scale. Conclusions: The Long-COVID group showed higher lactate concentration compared with the control group during the 12 weeks of the Nordic Walking program. The Long-COVID group presented a decrease in fatigue with respect to the control group according to the MFIS scale, as well as improvement in quality of life after aerobic exercise therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Treatments and Therapeutics)
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17 pages, 323 KiB  
Article
Extracorporeal Photopheresis as a Possible Therapeutic Approach for Adults with Severe and Critical COVID-19 Non-Responsive to Standard Treatment: A Pilot Investigational Study
by Bálint Gergely Szabó, Péter Reményi, Szabolcs Tasnády, Dorina Korózs, László Gopcsa, Marienn Réti, Andrea Várkonyi, János Sinkó, Botond Lakatos, János Szlávik, Gabriella Bekő, Ilona Bobek and István Vályi-Nagy
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 5000; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155000 - 29 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1325
Abstract
Background: The optimal approach for adult patients hospitalized with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), non-responsive to antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs, is not well established. Our aim was to evaluate feasibility and safety of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in this setting. Methods: A [...] Read more.
Background: The optimal approach for adult patients hospitalized with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), non-responsive to antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs, is not well established. Our aim was to evaluate feasibility and safety of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in this setting. Methods: A prospective, single-center investigational study was performed between 2021 and 2022 at a tertiary referral center for COVID-19. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were screened, and cases with severe or critical disease fulfilling pre-defined clinical and biochemical criteria of non-response for >5 days, despite remdesivir, dexamethasone and immunomodulation (tocilizumab, baricitinib, ruxolitinib), were consecutively enrolled. After patient inclusion, two ECP sessions on two consecutive days per week for 2 weeks were applied. Patients were followed-up per protocol from study inclusion, and clinical, virological and radiological outcomes were assessed at the end of treatment (EOT) +28 days. Results: A total of seven patients were enrolled. At inclusion, four out of seven (57.1%) were admitted to the ICU, all patients had ongoing cytokine storm. Additionally, 3/7 (42.9%) had radiological progression on chest CT. At EOT+28 days, 2/7 (28.6%) patients died due to non-ECP-related causes. Among the survivors, no additional requirement for intensive care unit admission or radiological progression was observed, and invasive mechanical ventilation could be weaned off in 1/5 (20.0%). All patients achieved whole-blood SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia clearance, while 3/7 (42.9%) no longer showed detectable respiratory SARS-CoV-2 RNA. According to immune biomarker profiling, ECP mainly facilitated a decrease in plasma IL-6 and IL-17A levels, as well as the physiological regeneration of peripheral blood immunocyte subpopulations, notably CD8+/CD45RO+ memory T-cells. No safety signals were identified. Conclusions: ECP appears to be a safe and feasible option for adults hospitalized with severe or critical COVID-19 who do not respond to pharmacological interventions. Further trial data are warranted to assess its optimal use. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05882331 (retrospectively registered). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Treatments and Therapeutics)
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