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Advantages and Disadvantages of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Reproductive Medicine & Andrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 11094

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alessio Paffoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Infertility Unit, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
Interests: infertility; gametes; in vitro fertilization; IVF; ICSI; embryology
Dr. Paola Viganò

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
Interests: reproduction; endometriosis; endometrium; IVF; embryo
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was introduced in the early 1990s as one of the most dramatic technological breakthroughs in assisted reproductive technology (ART). In recent decades, the birth of millions of children around the world has been possible thanks to this procedure that has gained increasing favor, both among specialists of in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques and among infertile couples. Originally born as a technique for couples with severe male infertility factors, today the application of the ICSI technique far exceeds the standard IVF procedure and in some parts of the world it is the only technique currently used. In addition to the severe male factor, other indications for ART imply the preferential use of ICSI compared to standard IVF, including preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGT-a), the use of cryopreserved oocytes or spermatozoa, the in vitro maturation of oocytes, and previous failures of standard IVF cycles. In many cases, however, ICSI is used even in the absence of these specific conditions.

The main reason for this “indication creep” of ICSI over standard IVF is probably to reduce the occurrence of total fertilization failure, which is significantly increased following conventional insemination and represents a condition of particular discomfort for both operators and couples. However, it must be recognized that current scientific evidence is not entirely in favor of the preferential use of ICSI both in terms of the effectiveness of the procedures and in terms of safety. To facilitate discussion on this topic, the Journal of Clinical Medicine calls for papers for a thematic Special Issue on the “Advantages and Disadvantages of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection”, to be guest edited by Dr. Paola Viganò and Dr. Alessio Paffoni.

Dr. Alessio Paffoni
Dr. Paola Viganò
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ICSI
  • IVF
  • oligospermia
  • total fertilization failure
  • PGT-a
  • oocyte
  • sperm
  • assisted reproductive technology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

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12 pages, 311 KiB  
Review
What Does Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Change in Embryonic Development? The Spermatozoon Contribution
by Sandrine Chamayou, Filippo Giacone, Rossella Cannarella and Antonino Guglielmino
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 671; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020671 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2148
Abstract
The intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique was invented to solve severe male infertility due to altered sperm parameters. Nowadays, it is applied worldwide for the treatment of couple infertility. ICSI is performed with any available spermatozoon from surgery or ejaculated samples, whatever are [...] Read more.
The intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique was invented to solve severe male infertility due to altered sperm parameters. Nowadays, it is applied worldwide for the treatment of couple infertility. ICSI is performed with any available spermatozoon from surgery or ejaculated samples, whatever are the sperm motility, morphology or quantity. The aim of the present review was to study if embryo development and kinetics would be modified by (1) ICSI under the technical aspects, (2) the micro-injected spermatozoa in connection with male infertility. From published data, it can be seen that ICSI anticipates the zygote kinetics Furthermore, because fertilization rate is higher in ICSI compared to conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF), more blastocysts are obtained for clinical use in ICSI. Sperm and spermatozoa characteristics, such as sperm parameters, morphology and vitality, DNA content (levels of sperm DNA fragmentation, microdeletions, and chromosomal abnormalities), RNA content, epigenetics, and sperm recovery site (testicular, epididymis, and ejaculated), have an impact on fertilization and blastocyst rates and embryo kinetics in different ways. Even though ICSI is the most common solution to solve couples’ infertility, the causes of male infertility are crucial in building a competent spermatozoa that will contribute to normal embryonic development and healthy offspring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advantages and Disadvantages of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)
24 pages, 779 KiB  
Review
Opportunities and Limits of Conventional IVF versus ICSI: It Is Time to Come off the Fence
by Martina Balli, Anna Cecchele, Valerio Pisaturo, Sofia Makieva, Giorgia Carullo, Edgardo Somigliana, Alessio Paffoni and Paola Vigano’
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(19), 5722; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195722 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5837
Abstract
Conventional IVF (c-IVF) is one of the most practiced assisted reproductive technology (ART) approaches used worldwide. However, in the last years, the number of c-IVF procedures has dropped dramatically in favor of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in cases of non-male-related infertility. In this [...] Read more.
Conventional IVF (c-IVF) is one of the most practiced assisted reproductive technology (ART) approaches used worldwide. However, in the last years, the number of c-IVF procedures has dropped dramatically in favor of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in cases of non-male-related infertility. In this review, we have outlined advantages and disadvantages associated with c-IVF, highlighting the essential steps governing its success, its limitations, the methodology differences among laboratories and the technical progress. In addition, we have debated recent insights into fundamental questions, including indications regarding maternal age, decreased ovarian reserve, endometriosis, autoimmunity, single oocyte retrieval-cases as well as preimplantation genetic testing cycles. The “overuse” of ICSI procedures in several clinical situations of ART has been critically discussed. These insights will provide a framework for a better understanding of opportunities associated with human c-IVF and for best practice guidelines applicability in the reproductive medicine field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advantages and Disadvantages of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)
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26 pages, 1471 KiB  
Review
Contemporary Use of ICSI and Epigenetic Risks to Future Generations
by Romualdo Sciorio and Sandro C. Esteves
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(8), 2135; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082135 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4731
Abstract
Since the birth of Louise Brown in 1978 via IVF, reproductive specialists have acquired enormous knowledge and refined several procedures, which are nowadays applied in assisted reproductive technology (ART). One of the most critical steps in this practice is the fertilization process. In [...] Read more.
Since the birth of Louise Brown in 1978 via IVF, reproductive specialists have acquired enormous knowledge and refined several procedures, which are nowadays applied in assisted reproductive technology (ART). One of the most critical steps in this practice is the fertilization process. In the early days of IVF, a remarkable concern was the unpleasant outcomes of failed fertilization, overtaken by introducing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), delineating a real breakthrough in modern ART. ICSI became standard practice and was soon used as the most common method to fertilize oocytes. It has been used for severe male factor infertility and non-male factors, such as unexplained infertility or advanced maternal age, without robust scientific evidence. However, applying ICSI blindly is not free of potential detrimental consequences since novel studies report possible health consequences to offspring. DNA methylation and epigenetic alterations in sperm cells of infertile men might help explain some of the adverse effects reported in ICSI studies on reproductive health in future generations. Collected data concerning the health of ICSI children over the past thirty years seems to support the notion that there might be an increased risk of epigenetic disorders, congenital malformations, chromosomal alterations, and subfertility in babies born following ICSI compared to naturally conceived children. However, it is still to be elucidated to what level these data are associated with the cause of infertility or the ICSI technique. This review provides an overview of epigenetic mechanisms and possible imprinting alterations following the use of ART, in particular ICSI. It also highlights the sperm contribution to embryo epigenetic regulation and the risks of in vitro culture conditions on epigenetic dysregulation. Lastly, it summarizes the literature concerning the possible epigenetic disorders in children born after ART. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advantages and Disadvantages of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)
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Other

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7 pages, 1622 KiB  
Brief Report
Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting as a Method to Improve Necrozoospermia-Related Asthenozoospermic Samples
by Gábor Máté, András Balló, László Márk, Péter Czétány, Árpád Szántó and Attila Török
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(10), 2914; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102914 - 21 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1411
Abstract
According to some statistics, absolute asthenozoospermia affects every 1 in 5000 men. Although this incidence rate does not appear to be too high, it is extremely important to address the phenomenon because it can drastically reduce the chances of pregnancy, even with assisted [...] Read more.
According to some statistics, absolute asthenozoospermia affects every 1 in 5000 men. Although this incidence rate does not appear to be too high, it is extremely important to address the phenomenon because it can drastically reduce the chances of pregnancy, even with assisted reproduction. The biggest problem with absolute asthenozoospermia is that it is difficult to distinguish between live and dead sperm cells, and fertilization with non-viable spermatozoa may contribute to the failure of an assisted reproduction cycle. Nowadays, DNA fragmentation (DF) is a crucial parameter of semen analysis, and in this paper, we provide evidence of the correlation between DF and vitality. For this purpose, the main semen parameters were investigated by a CASA system (concentration, motility, progressive motility, vitality and DF). In the necrozoospermic group (vitality < 58%), all the measured parameters showed significant differences compared to normal vitality. Concentration (30.1 M mL−1 vs. 13.6 M mL−1), motility (31.9% vs. 18.3%), and progressive motility (24.3% vs. 12.7%) were significantly decreased, while DF was significantly increased (17.4% vs. 23.7%). Based on the connection between vitality decrement and DF increment, DF lowering methods, such as magnetic-activated cell sorting, have been hypothesized as novel methods for the elimination of dead spermatozoa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advantages and Disadvantages of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)
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