Targeting the Androgen Receptor for Treatment of Prostate Cancer

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 March 2020)

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: prostate cancer, cell migration and invasion; 3D cell models; tumor microenvironment; prostate carcinoma-associated fibroblasts; cell cycle, androgen receptor non-genomic actions; growth factor receptors; signal transduction
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous tumor in men and the second leading cause of male cancer-related deaths. The role of androgens in prostate transformation and PC progression is well established, and molecular studies have extensively analyzed the mechanism of action of the androgen receptor (AR). These studies have made possible the synthesis of new drugs that modulate or inhibit the biological events induced by AR in PC cells. The long-term efficacy of these drugs, however, still remains unsatisfactory.

The AR is, indeed, also able to establish a cross-talk with other proteins, such as growth factor receptors (e.g., EGF-R, TrkA) or signaling effectors (e.g., FAK and proteins involved in integrin/adhesion pathways and Src and proteins involved in proliferation pathways), triggering invasiveness and cell cycle progression of PC cells.

Recently, it has been discovered that the AR is also expressed in tumor stroma and, in particular, in prostate carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, although the role of stromal AR in prostate tumorigenesis is still unclear.

This Special Issue aims to collect manuscripts on recent advances in the detection of new therapeutic targets in both epithelial and stromal compartments of PC and on innovative therapies for a more efficacious battle against PC.

Dr. Marzia Di Donato
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Prostate cancer
  • Androgen Receptor
  • Cross-talk
  • Epithelial and mesenchymal cells
  • Invasiveness
  • Cell cycle
  • New drugs
  • New clinical protocols
  • Metastasis

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1848 KiB  
Article
Oncogenic Role of Secreted Engrailed Homeobox 2 (EN2) in Prostate Cancer
by Enrique Gómez-Gómez, Juan M. Jiménez-Vacas, Sergio Pedraza-Arévalo, Fernando López-López, Vicente Herrero-Aguayo, Daniel Hormaechea-Agulla, José Valero-Rosa, Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa, Antonio J. León-González, Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez, Teresa González-Serrano, Maria J. Requena-Tapia, Justo P. Castaño, Julia Carrasco-Valiente, Manuel D. Gahete and Raúl M. Luque
J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(9), 1400; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091400 - 6 Sep 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2861
Abstract
Engrailed variant-2 (EN2) has been suggested as a potential diagnostic biomarker; however, its presence and functional role in prostate cancer (PCa) cells is still controversial or unknown. Here, we analyzed 1) the expression/secretion profile of EN2 in five independent samples cohorts from PCa [...] Read more.
Engrailed variant-2 (EN2) has been suggested as a potential diagnostic biomarker; however, its presence and functional role in prostate cancer (PCa) cells is still controversial or unknown. Here, we analyzed 1) the expression/secretion profile of EN2 in five independent samples cohorts from PCa patients and controls (prostate tissues and/or urine) to determine its utility as a PCa biomarker; and 2) the functional role of EN2 in normal (RWPE1) and tumor (LNCaP/22Rv1/PC3) prostate cells to explore its potential value as therapeutic target. EN2 was overexpressed in our two cohorts of PCa tissues compared to control and in tumor cell lines compared with normal-like prostate cells. This profile was corroborated in silico in three independent data sets [The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)/Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)/Grasso]. Consistently, urine EN2 levels were elevated and enabled discrimination between PCa and control patients. EN2 treatment increased cell proliferation in LNCaP/22Rv1/PC3 cells, migration in RWPE1/PC3 cells, and PSA secretion in LNCaP cells. These effects were associated, at least in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, with increased AKT and androgen-receptor phosphorylation levels and with modulation of key cancer-associated genes. Consistently, EN2 treatment also regulated androgen-receptor activity (full-length and splicing variants) in androgen-sensitive 22Rv1 cells. Altogether, this study demonstrates the potential utility of EN2 as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for PCa and provides novel and valuable information to further investigate its putative utility to develop new therapeutic tools in PCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting the Androgen Receptor for Treatment of Prostate Cancer)
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