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Advanced Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration
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Advanced Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Dental Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 14463

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kerstin Gritsch

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Guest Editor
1. Laboratory of Multimaterials and Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
2. Faculty of Odontology, Departement of Periodontology, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
3. Unity of Periodontology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
Interests: biomaterials; biomedical devices; periodontics; periodontal regeneration; periodontal disease and systemic health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sônia Maria Malmonge

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Guest Editor
Biomedical Engineering, Center of Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
Interests: biomaterials; hydrogels; biofabrication; bioprinting; solution blow spinning; electrospinning; tissue engineering
Dr. Thibault Canceill

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Guest Editor
1. InCOMM (Intestine ClinicOmics Microbiota & Metabolism) UMR1297 Inserm/Université Toulouse III, French Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (i2MC), Toulouse, France
2. Health Faculty, Odontology Department, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
Interests: biomaterials; dental materials; biomedical devices; bone regeneration; periodontics; oral care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Periodontal regeneration is a real challenge due to the presence and interaction of soft and mineralized tissues within the periodontal complex. The intrinsic regenerative properties of each of these tissues as well as the specific microbial environment and the immuno-inflammatory component of periodontitis make it more difficult to achieve the complete and organized regeneration of periodontal tissues.

Recent advances in the development of biomaterials and organized scaffolds and in the identification of bioactive molecules and their incorporation into biomaterials/scaffolds, giving them antibacterial or inflammation-modulating properties or optimizing integration within tissues, aid in meeting the challenges of periodontal regeneration.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Biomimetic materials or scaffolds;
  • Bioactive molecules for the functionalization of biomaterials/scaffolds;
  • Scaffolding fabrication technologies to promote the organized reconstruction of soft and hard periodontal tissues.

Prof. Dr. Kerstin Gritsch
Prof. Dr. Sônia Maria Malmonge
Dr. Thibault Canceill
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • periodontal regeneration
  • tissue engineering
  • biomaterials
  • scaffolds
  • hydrogels
  • bioactive molecules

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 3594 KiB  
Article
Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Lactococcus lactis-Loaded Alginate Particles as a Promising Delivery Tool for Periodontal Probiotic Therapy
by Bettina Wuttke, Katharina Ekat, Oleksandra Chabanovska, Mario Jackszis, Armin Springer, Praveen Vasudevan, Bernd Kreikemeyer and Hermann Lang
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(5), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15050129 - 15 May 2024
Viewed by 1146
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are used in a variety of food supplements and medical formulations to promote human health. In periodontal therapy, probiotics are mainly used in the form of gels, tablets or rinses that often tend to leak from the periodontal pocket, resulting in [...] Read more.
Probiotic microorganisms are used in a variety of food supplements and medical formulations to promote human health. In periodontal therapy, probiotics are mainly used in the form of gels, tablets or rinses that often tend to leak from the periodontal pocket, resulting in a strongly reduced therapeutic effect. In this pilot in vitro study, we present biodegradable alginate-based particles as an alternative, highly efficient system for a periodontal delivery of probiotic bacteria to the inflammation site. For this purpose, Lactococcus (L.) lactis was encapsulated using a standardized pump-controlled extrusion-dripping method. Time-dependent bacterial release in artificial saliva was investigated over 9 days. The effect of freeze drying was explored to ensure long-term storage of L. lactis-loaded particles. Additionally, the particles were bound to dentin surface using approved bioadhesives and subjected to shear stress in a hydrodynamic flow chamber that mimics the oral cavity in vitro. Thus, round particles within the range of 0.80–1.75 mm in radius could be produced, whereby the diameter of the dripping tip had the most significant impact on the size. Although both small and large particles demonstrated a similar release trend of L. lactis, the release rate was significantly higher in the former. Following lyophilization, particles could restore their original shape within 4 h in artificial saliva; thereby, the bacterial viability was not affected. The attachment strength to dentin intensified by an adhesive could resist forces between 10 and 25 N/m2. Full degradation of the particles was observed after 20 days in artificial saliva. Therefore, alginate particles display a valuable probiotic carrier for periodontal applications that have several crucial advantages over existing preparations: a highly stable form, prolonged continuous release of therapeutic bacteria, precise manufacturing according to required dimensions at the application site, strong attachment to the tooth with low risk of dislocation, high biocompatibility and biodegradability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration)
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19 pages, 7403 KiB  
Article
Advanced Platelet Lysate Aerogels: Biomaterials for Regenerative Applications
by Fahd Tibourtine, Thibault Canceill, Andrea Marfoglia, Philippe Lavalle, Laure Gibot, Ludovic Pilloux, Clementine Aubry, Claire Medemblik, Dominique Goudouneche, Agnès Dupret-Bories and Sophie Cazalbou
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(2), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15020049 - 19 Feb 2024
Viewed by 2438
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (HPL), rich in growth factors, is increasingly recognized for its potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, its use in liquid or gel form is constrained by limited stability and handling difficulties. This study aimed to develop dry and [...] Read more.
Human platelet lysate (HPL), rich in growth factors, is increasingly recognized for its potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, its use in liquid or gel form is constrained by limited stability and handling difficulties. This study aimed to develop dry and porous aerogels from HPL hydrogel using an environmentally friendly supercritical CO2-based shaping process, specifically tailored for tissue engineering applications. The aerogels produced retained their three-dimensional structure and demonstrated significant mechanical robustness and enhanced manageability. Impressively, they exhibited high water absorption capacity, absorbing 87% of their weight in water within 120 min. Furthermore, the growth factors released by these aerogels showed a sustained and favourable biological response in vitro. They maintained the cellular metabolic activity of fibroblasts (BALB-3T3) at levels akin to conventional culture conditions, even after prolonged storage, and facilitated the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Additionally, the aerogels themselves supported the adhesion and proliferation of murine fibroblasts (BALB-3T3). Beyond serving as excellent matrices for cell culture, these aerogels function as efficient systems for the delivery of growth factors. Their multifunctional capabilities position them as promising candidates for various tissue regeneration strategies. Importantly, the developed aerogels can be stored conveniently and are considered ready to use, enhancing their practicality and applicability in regenerative medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration)
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15 pages, 3353 KiB  
Article
Harnessing the Native Extracellular Matrix for Periodontal Regeneration Using a Melt Electrowritten Biphasic Scaffold
by Fanny Blaudez, Saso Ivanovski and Cedryck Vaquette
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(9), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14090479 - 19 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1836
Abstract
Scaffolds have been used to promote periodontal regeneration by providing control over the spacio-temporal healing of the periodontium (cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone). This study proposes to enhance the biofunctionality of a biphasic scaffold for periodontal regeneration by means of cell-laid [...] Read more.
Scaffolds have been used to promote periodontal regeneration by providing control over the spacio-temporal healing of the periodontium (cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone). This study proposes to enhance the biofunctionality of a biphasic scaffold for periodontal regeneration by means of cell-laid extracellular matrix (ECM) decoration. To this end, a melt electrowritten scaffold was cultured with human osteoblasts for the deposition of bone-specific ECM. In parallel, periodontal ligament cells were used to form a cell sheet, which was later combined with the bone ECM scaffold to form a biphasic PDL–bone construct. The resulting biphasic construct was decellularised to remove all cellular components while preserving the deposited matrix. Decellularisation efficacy was confirmed in vitro, before the regenerative performance of freshly decellularised constructs was compared to that of 3-months stored freeze-dried scaffolds in a rodent periodontal defect model. Four weeks post-surgery, microCT revealed similar bone formation in all groups. Histology showed higher amounts of newly formed cementum and periodontal attachment in the fresh and freeze-dried ECM functionalised scaffolds, although it did not reach statistical significance. This study demonstrated that the positive effect of ECM decoration was preserved after freeze-drying and storing the construct for 3 months, which has important implications for clinical translation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration)
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18 pages, 3684 KiB  
Article
Calcium Trimetaphosphate-Loaded Electrospun Poly(Ester Urea) Nanofibers for Periodontal Tissue Engineering
by Priscila T. A. Toledo, Caroline Anselmi, Renan Dal-Fabbro, Abdel H. Mahmoud, Alexandra K. Abel, Matthew L. Becker, Alberto C. B. Delbem and Marco C. Bottino
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(7), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14070350 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1448
Abstract
The objective of this research was to create and appraise biodegradable polymer-based nanofibers containing distinct concentrations of calcium trimetaphosphate (Ca-TMP) for periodontal tissue engineering. Poly(ester urea) (PEU) (5% w/v) solutions containing Ca-TMP (15%, 30%, 45% w/w) were [...] Read more.
The objective of this research was to create and appraise biodegradable polymer-based nanofibers containing distinct concentrations of calcium trimetaphosphate (Ca-TMP) for periodontal tissue engineering. Poly(ester urea) (PEU) (5% w/v) solutions containing Ca-TMP (15%, 30%, 45% w/w) were electrospun into fibrous scaffolds. The fibers were evaluated using SEM, EDS, TGA, FTIR, XRD, and mechanical tests. Degradation rate, swelling ratio, and calcium release were also evaluated. Cell/Ca-TMP and cell/scaffold interaction were assessed using stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) for cell viability, adhesion, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were used (α = 0.05). The PEU and PEU/Ca-TMP-based membranes presented fiber diameters at 469 nm and 414–672 nm, respectively. Chemical characterization attested to the Ca-TMP incorporation into the fibers. Adding Ca-TMP led to higher degradation stability and lower dimensional variation than the pure PEU fibers; however, similar mechanical characteristics were observed. Minimal calcium was released after 21 days of incubation in a lipase-enriched solution. Ca-TMP extracts enhanced cell viability and ALP activity, although no differences were found between the scaffold groups. Overall, Ca-TMP was effectively incorporated into the PEU fibers without compromising the morphological properties but did not promote significant cell function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration)
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15 pages, 3692 KiB  
Article
Direct-Writing Electrospun Functionalized Scaffolds for Periodontal Regeneration: In Vitro Studies
by Laura Bourdon, Nina Attik, Liza Belkessam, Charlène Chevalier, Colin Bousige, Arnaud Brioude and Vincent Salles
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(5), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050263 - 9 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2387
Abstract
Multiphasic scaffolds that combine different architectural, physical, and biological properties are the best option for the regeneration of complex tissues such as the periodontium. Current developed scaffolds generally lack architectural accuracy and rely on multistep manufacturing, which is difficult to implement for clinical [...] Read more.
Multiphasic scaffolds that combine different architectural, physical, and biological properties are the best option for the regeneration of complex tissues such as the periodontium. Current developed scaffolds generally lack architectural accuracy and rely on multistep manufacturing, which is difficult to implement for clinical applications. In this context, direct-writing electrospinning (DWE) represents a promising and rapid technique for developing thin 3D scaffolds with controlled architecture. The current study aimed to elaborate a biphasic scaffold using DWE based on two polycaprolactone solutions with interesting properties for bone and cement regeneration. One of the two scaffold parts contained hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP) and the other contained the cementum protein 1 (CEMP1). After morphological characterizations, the elaborated scaffolds were assessed regarding periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in terms of cell proliferation, colonization, and mineralization ability. The results demonstrated that both HAP- and CEMP1-functionalized scaffolds were colonized by PDL cells and enhanced mineralization ability compared to unfunctionalized scaffolds, as revealed by alizarin red staining and OPN protein fluorescent expression. Taken together, the current data highlighted the potential of functional and organized scaffolds to stimulate bone and cementum regeneration. Moreover, DWE could be used to develop smart scaffolds with the ability to spatially control cellular orientation with suitable cellular activity at the micrometer scale, thereby enhancing periodontal and other complex tissue regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration)
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16 pages, 3289 KiB  
Article
Amelogenin-Derived Peptide (ADP-5) Hydrogel for Periodontal Regeneration: An In Vitro Study on Periodontal Cells Cytocompatibility, Remineralization and Inflammatory Profile
by Nina Attik, Xavier Garric, Audrey Bethry, Gilles Subra, Charlène Chevalier, Brahim Bouzouma, Pascal Verdié, Brigitte Grosgogeat and Kerstin Gritsch
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(2), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14020053 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2441
Abstract
A relevant alternative to enamel matrix derivatives from animal origin could be the use of synthetic amelogenin-derived peptides. This study aimed to assess the effect of a synthetic amelogenin-derived peptide (ADP-5), alone or included in an experimental gellan–xanthan hydrogel, on periodontal cell behavior [...] Read more.
A relevant alternative to enamel matrix derivatives from animal origin could be the use of synthetic amelogenin-derived peptides. This study aimed to assess the effect of a synthetic amelogenin-derived peptide (ADP-5), alone or included in an experimental gellan–xanthan hydrogel, on periodontal cell behavior (gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts and cementoblasts). The effect of ADP-5 (50, 100, and 200 µg/mL) on cell metabolic activity was examined using Alamar blue assay, and cell morphology was assessed by confocal imaging. An experimental gellan–xanthan hydrogel was then designed as carrier for ADP-5 and compared to the commercial gel Emdogain®. Alizarin Red was used to determine the periodontal ligament and cementoblasts cell mineralization. The inflammatory profile of these two cells was also quantified using ELISA (vascular endothelial growth factor A, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 11) mediators. ADP-5 enhanced cell proliferation and remineralization; the 100 µg/mL concentration was more efficient than 50 and 200 µg/mL. The ADP-5 experimental hydrogel exhibited equivalent good biological behavior compared to Emdogain® in terms of cell colonization, mineralization, and inflammatory profile. These findings revealed relevant insights regarding the ADP-5 biological behavior. From a clinical perspective, these outcomes could instigate the development of novel functionalized scaffold for periodontal regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration)
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Review

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14 pages, 982 KiB  
Review
The Effectiveness of the Addition of Platelet-Rich Fibrin to Bovine Xenografts in Sinus and Bone Ridge Augmentation: A Systematic Review
by Katia Idiri, Octave Bandiaky, Assem Soueidan, Christian Verner, Emmanuelle Renard and Xavier Struillou
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(7), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14070389 - 23 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1958
Abstract
Dental implants sometimes need bone augmentation to recreate an adequate bone height and volume. Numerous bone augmentation techniques have been described, and, currently, the most commonly used bone graft procedure is xenografts with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). The addition of platelet-rich fibrin [...] Read more.
Dental implants sometimes need bone augmentation to recreate an adequate bone height and volume. Numerous bone augmentation techniques have been described, and, currently, the most commonly used bone graft procedure is xenografts with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). The addition of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to DBBM has already shown better performance than DBBM alone in restoring intrabony periodontal defects, but the role of PRF in preimplantation bone grafts is still not clear. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of the adjunction of PRF or L-PRF to DBBM in bone ridge augmentation procedures. Clinical randomized controlled studies using PRF associated with DBBM were included. In April 2023, three electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science) were searched. The search strategy was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias assessments were performed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A total of seven articles were included and analyzed. The results show no statistically significant effect of PRF added to DBBM compared to DBBM alone in the sinus lift procedure but do show an effect in the reduction in bone graft resorption in one study of mandibular guided bone regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration)
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