Blockchain Technologies and Cryptocurrencies​

A special issue of Journal of Risk and Financial Management (ISSN 1911-8074). This special issue belongs to the section "Financial Technology and Innovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 37410

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Islamic Finance and Economy Program, College of Islamic Studies, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
Interests: fintech; cryptocurrencies; blockchain; macroeconomics; banking; islamic finance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Porcelænshaven 16A, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
Interests: cryptocurrencies; empirical asset pricing; forecasting; sentiment analysis

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Guest Editor
Department of Management, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
Interests: FinTech; blockchain; cryptocurrencies; machine learning applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is focused on “Blockchain Technologies and Cryptocurrencies”.

Due to their relative novelty as an asset class, cryptocurrencies lack well-established methods for either valuing themselves or understanding how their prices are determined. However, digital assets are similar to traditional ones and may even be based on the same underlying principles. The price of a cryptocurrency may rise or fall based on the quality of the distributed network upon which it is built, similar to the equity valuations of social media companies such as Facebook are related to the value of their proprietary networks. Blockchain technologies, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, make it possible for two people to exchange value without the intervention of a third party that can be trusted. How does sentiment impact the success of blockchain startups? Is there any predictive power of social media for predicting cryptocurrency prices? What drives cryptocurrency prices? How does cryptocurrency volatility affect the crypto mining company’s financial performance?

These and many other questions are the subjects of interest in this Special Issue.

Theoretical and empirical papers on the blockchain and cryptocurrency market within a wide range of research interests are welcome.

We invite you to submit your work.

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Faruk Aysan
Dr. Oguzhan Cepni
Dr. Erdinc Akyildirim
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cryptocurrencies
  • FinTech
  • sentiment analysis
  • machine learning applications
  • blockchain
  • mining companies

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
Bitcoin Return Prediction: Is It Possible via Stock-to-Flow, Metcalfe’s Law, Technical Analysis, or Market Sentiment?
by Austin Shelton
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2024, 17(10), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17100443 - 1 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1023
Abstract
Popular methods to value Bitcoin include the stock-to-flow model, Metcalfe’s Law, technical analysis, and sentiment-related measures. Within this paper, I test whether such models and variables are predictive of Bitcoin’s returns. I find that the stock-to-flow model predictions and Metcalfe’s Law help to [...] Read more.
Popular methods to value Bitcoin include the stock-to-flow model, Metcalfe’s Law, technical analysis, and sentiment-related measures. Within this paper, I test whether such models and variables are predictive of Bitcoin’s returns. I find that the stock-to-flow model predictions and Metcalfe’s Law help to explain Bitcoin’s returns in-sample but have limited to no ability to predict Bitcoin’s returns out-of-sample. In contrast, Bitcoin market sentiment and technical analysis measures are generally unrelated to Bitcoin’s returns in-sample and are poor predictors of Bitcoin’s returns out-of-sample. Despite the poor performance of Bitcoin return predictors within out-of-sample regressions, I demonstrate that a very successful out-of-sample Bitcoin tactical allocation or “market timing” strategy is formed via blending out-of-sample univariate model predictions. This OOS-blended model trading strategy, which algorithmically allocates between Bitcoin and cash (USD), significantly outperforms buying-and-holding or “HODL”ing Bitcoin, boosting CAPM alpha by almost 1300 basis points while also increasing portfolio Sharpe Ratio and Sortino Ratio and dramatically reducing portfolio maximum drawdown relative to buying-and-holding Bitcoin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Technologies and Cryptocurrencies​)
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14 pages, 772 KiB  
Article
Price Delay and Market Efficiency of Cryptocurrencies: The Impact of Liquidity and Volatility during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Barbara Abou Tanos and Georges Badr
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2024, 17(5), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17050193 - 8 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1773
Abstract
The rise of cryptocurrencies as alternative financial investments, with potential safe-haven and hedging properties, highlights the need to examine their market efficiency. This study is the first to investigate the combined impact of liquidity and volatility features of cryptocurrencies on their price delays. [...] Read more.
The rise of cryptocurrencies as alternative financial investments, with potential safe-haven and hedging properties, highlights the need to examine their market efficiency. This study is the first to investigate the combined impact of liquidity and volatility features of cryptocurrencies on their price delays. Using a wide spectrum of cryptocurrencies, we investigate whether the COVID-19 outbreak has affected market efficiency by studying price delays to market information. We find that as liquidity increases and volatility decreases, cryptocurrencies demonstrate stronger market efficiency. Additionally, we show that price delay differences during the COVID-19 outbreak increase with higher levels of illiquidity, particularly for highly volatile quintiles. We suggest that perceived risks and high transaction costs in illiquid and highly volatile cryptocurrencies reduce active traders’ willingness to engage in arbitrage trading, leading to increased market inefficiencies. Our findings are relevant to investors, aiding in improving their decision-making processes and enhancing their investment efficiency. Our paper also presents significant implications for policymakers, emphasizing the need for reforms aimed at enhancing the speed at which information is incorporated into cryptocurrency returns. These reforms would help mitigate market distortions and increase the sustainability of cryptocurrency markets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Technologies and Cryptocurrencies​)
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19 pages, 3953 KiB  
Article
Predictive Power of Random Forests in Analyzing Risk Management in Islamic Banking
by Ahmet Faruk Aysan, Bekir Sait Ciftler and Ibrahim Musa Unal
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2024, 17(3), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17030104 - 1 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2158
Abstract
This study utilizes the random forest technique to investigate risk management practices and concerns in Islamic banks using survey data from 2016 to 2021. Findings reveal that larger banks provide more consistent survey responses, driven by their confidence and larger survey budgets. Moreover, [...] Read more.
This study utilizes the random forest technique to investigate risk management practices and concerns in Islamic banks using survey data from 2016 to 2021. Findings reveal that larger banks provide more consistent survey responses, driven by their confidence and larger survey budgets. Moreover, a positive link is established between a country’s development, characterized by high GDPs and low inflation and interest rates, and the precision of Islamic banks’ survey responses. Analyzing risk-related concerns, the study notes a significant reduction in credit portfolio risk attributed to improved risk management practices, global economic growth, stricter regulations, and diversified asset portfolios. Concerns related to terrorism financing and cybersecurity risks have also decreased due to the better enforcement of anti-money laundering regulations and investments in cybersecurity infrastructure and education. This research enhances our understanding of risk management in Islamic banks, highlighting the impact of bank size and country development. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for ongoing analysis beyond 2021 to account for potential COVID-19 effects and evolving risk management and regulatory practices in Islamic banking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Technologies and Cryptocurrencies​)
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15 pages, 233 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Cryptocurrency Impact on Financial Markets and Traditional Banking Systems: Lessons for Sustainable Blockchain and Interdisciplinary Collaborations
by Umar Kayani and Fakhrul Hasan
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2024, 17(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17020058 - 1 Feb 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 21395
Abstract
The advent of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology has sparked a revolutionary shift in the financial sector. This study sets out on a wide-ranging investigation to understand the nuanced dynamics, repercussions, and potential future paths of this shifting environment in the UK and USA. [...] Read more.
The advent of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology has sparked a revolutionary shift in the financial sector. This study sets out on a wide-ranging investigation to understand the nuanced dynamics, repercussions, and potential future paths of this shifting environment in the UK and USA. The primary goals of the research are to examine how cryptocurrencies affect financial markets and conventional banking systems; to examine how blockchain technology might be used in the financial sector; to assess policy and regulatory considerations; and to predict and plan for the future. This research digs into how cryptocurrencies have revolutionized the banking and finance sectors. Analysis of adoption rates, market volatility, and integration methods sheds light on the changing position of cryptocurrencies in investment portfolios, reconfiguration of asset classes, and coping mechanisms of conventional financial institutions. When looking at the financial sector as a whole, the transformational potential of blockchain technology becomes clear. The advent of DeFi, smart contracts, and asset tokenization offers new prospects to improve financial transactions, increase transparency, and broaden participation in the investment market. The research analyzes cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology from a policy and regulatory perspective. The delicate balancing act between stimulating innovation and guaranteeing consumer protection, market integrity, and financial stability is highlighted by a comparison of the regulatory methods adopted in the United Kingdom and United States, as well as proposals from international organizations. The research identifies potential future paths for these technologies and their implications. Opportunities and challenges that will influence the future of finance emerge, with a focus on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), sustainable blockchain solutions, and interdisciplinary collaborations. As this deep dive comes to a close, the transformational power of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology is highlighted. It sheds light on the forces that are altering the structures of the world’s financial markets, conventional banking structures, and regulatory frameworks. The findings and critical assessment stress the need for well-considered choices, ethical innovation, and interdisciplinary cooperation in order to succeed in an ever-changing environment. To further democratize access, improve transparency, and reshape the economic fabric of our planet, the future of finance resides at the confluence of tradition and innovation, where cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology exist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Technologies and Cryptocurrencies​)
13 pages, 1775 KiB  
Article
Are Cryptocurrency Forks Wealth Creating?
by Bill Hu and Jonathan Miller
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(12), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16120510 - 8 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1703
Abstract
We find that planned cryptocurrency forks, like voluntary corporate spin-offs, are wealth-creating. Involuntary forks that are forced due to hacks and other problems with the blockchain are not. We find diminishing returns for second-generation forks, alleviating the concern of forking solely for wealth [...] Read more.
We find that planned cryptocurrency forks, like voluntary corporate spin-offs, are wealth-creating. Involuntary forks that are forced due to hacks and other problems with the blockchain are not. We find diminishing returns for second-generation forks, alleviating the concern of forking solely for wealth creation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Technologies and Cryptocurrencies​)
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17 pages, 487 KiB  
Article
Blockchain-Augmented Digital Supply Chain Management: A Way to Sustainable Business
by Samir Yerpude, Kiran Sood and Simon Grima
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010007 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 4379
Abstract
The objective of this article is to assist the reader in understanding the journey from traditional Supply Chain Management to Digital Supply Chain Management. It aims to augment the concept of Digital Supply Chain Management with blockchain technology and create an extensive literature [...] Read more.
The objective of this article is to assist the reader in understanding the journey from traditional Supply Chain Management to Digital Supply Chain Management. It aims to augment the concept of Digital Supply Chain Management with blockchain technology and create an extensive literature review to assist in formulating the gaps and discovering the variables that contribute towards the efficiency of a Blockchain-Based Digital Supply Chain. Moreover, this article aims to validate the impact of specified parameters resulting in customer retention and market leadership for an organization. Digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, blockchain, etc., are disrupting the traditional ways of doing business and creating value propositions for customers. Supply Chain Management is a key business process for an organization that helps them compete in the market. Organizations have seized competition not as individual brands but as supply chains. Digital Supply Chain Management is the implementation of digital technologies to capture customer data at every interaction to create customer engagement strategies. This article provides an empirical analysis of parameters influencing a Blockchain-Augmented Digital Supply Chain resulting in customer retention and market leadership and shows how, through a Blockchain-Based Digital Supply Chain, the business objective of being a customer-centric organization is assisted with the customer data generated at each interaction that is enabled. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Technologies and Cryptocurrencies​)
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Other

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11 pages, 612 KiB  
Hypothesis
Lackluster Adoption of Cryptocurrencies as a Consumer Payment Method in the United States—Hypothesis: Is This Independent Technology in Need of a Brand, and What Kind?
by Luke Kowalski, William Green, Simon Lilley and Nikiforos Panourgias
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010023 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3589
Abstract
Cryptocurrencies were supposed to replace traditional payment methods when they were invented over 13 years ago, but adoption by the general consumer is still lacking, at least in the United States. Instead, crypto is often used as a speculative investment, by illicit actors, [...] Read more.
Cryptocurrencies were supposed to replace traditional payment methods when they were invented over 13 years ago, but adoption by the general consumer is still lacking, at least in the United States. Instead, crypto is often used as a speculative investment, by illicit actors, or for use cases unrelated to everyday purchases. A literature review on general adoption barriers and interviews with experts has only unearthed factors like usability, performance, and political drivers, among other barriers. Brand as an adoption barrier is mostly missing from literature, at least for cryptocurrencies. This led to the formation of a hypothesis related to crypto’s lack of adoption as a payment method. A framework is being designed based on the technology adoption model to find out if “brand” has an impact on cryptocurrency adoption, which was paradoxically designed to be brandless and not needing any institutional trust. The intent is to focus on what “Bitcoin 2.0” might look like, and to also delve further and gauge perceptions about various types of brands getting involved in the next generation of cryptocurrencies, including traditional banks, governments, technology companies, and also some of the decentralized and hybrid consortia currently vying to get consumers to use stablecoins, nation-issued cryptocurrencies, and other forms of digital instruments. While other studies had focused on trust, early adopter usability, or performance of blockchain networks, this work intends to focus on the general consumer’s perceptions about digital money, and the types of brands and evolution of this instrument liable to increase uptake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Technologies and Cryptocurrencies​)
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