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Life
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Arbovirus: Infection, Immunity and Antiviral Research
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Arbovirus: Infection, Immunity and Antiviral Research

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2023) | Viewed by 4902

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yongfen Xu

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Guest Editor
Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
Interests: zika virus; antiviral; infection; host and virus interaction; innate immune
Dr. Mingzhe Guo

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
Interests: microbe-host interaction; reverse genetic system; innate immunity; quorum sensing in Gram-positive bacteria

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We recently assembled a Special Issue, which consists of a series of papers that focuses on various aspects of the arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections. Arboviruses are a diverse group of viruses. Arboviruses from the genera flavivirus and alphavirus are the most important human arboviruses among the major causes of emerging infectious diseases. This Special Issue, edited by Dr. Yongfen Xu and Dr. Mingzhe Guo, will delve into the host environment adaptation and modulation, immunity response and antiviral strategy revolving around the arbovirus. Arbovirus has evolved complex mechanisms to antagonize innate immunity response, the dissection of the underlying mechanisms could pave the way for the development of a new antiviral-regimen that can underdo the suppression on innate immunity. The cross activity of arbovirus of the flaviviridae family (genus Flavivirus) antigen complicates the design and assessment of arbovirus vaccine, new insights in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) phenomenon is crucial for the arbovirus vaccine development. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence-guided design and screening of anti-viral compounds, the field will witness the advent of a variety of novel small anti-arbovirus compounds. The integration of these forefronts in arbovirus has the potential to move the arbovirus research to the next chapter.

Dr. Yongfen Xu
Dr. Mingzhe Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • innate and adaptive immunity
  • small anti-viral compounds
  • ADE and vaccine development
  • host factor characterization
  • virology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1415 KiB  
Article
Ilheus Virus (ILHV) Resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from the Northern Region of Brazil
by Lúcia Aline Moura Reis, Ana Beatriz Oliveira Pampolha, Daniel Damous Dias, Maissa Maia Santos, Jamilla Augusta de Sousa Pantoja, Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo, Fábio Silva da Silva, Bruna Lais Sena do Nascimento, Valéria Lima Carvalho, Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva and Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
Life 2024, 14(4), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040427 - 22 Mar 2024
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Abstract
Background: Orthoflavivirus ilheusense (ILHV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family. It was first isolated in 1944 from pools of Aedes serratus and Psorophora ferox mosquitoes; however, it has also been detected in species of the genus Culex, such as Cx. portesi and [...] Read more.
Background: Orthoflavivirus ilheusense (ILHV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family. It was first isolated in 1944 from pools of Aedes serratus and Psorophora ferox mosquitoes; however, it has also been detected in species of the genus Culex, such as Cx. portesi and Cx. coronator. The objective of this study was to examine the vector competence of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to ILHV infection and the subsequent transmission of the virus through their saliva during feeding on blood. Methods: F1 generation females of Cx. quinquefasciatus (Ananindeua/PA) were orally infected with goose blood infected with strain BeH7445, and body, head and saliva samples were analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 dpi using the techniques of virus isolation in cells and indirect immunofluorescence. Results: The presence of ILHV was not detected in the body and head samples of Cx. quinquefasciatus females at any of the three dpi’s analyzed, indicating that the lineage of mosquitoes analyzed was resistant to ILHV. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, the species Cx. quinquefasciatus proved resistant to ILHV, regardless of the virus titers to which it was exposed, which suggests the possibility that this species does not act as a vector in the ILHV transmission cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arbovirus: Infection, Immunity and Antiviral Research)
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Review

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25 pages, 1064 KiB  
Review
Genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) as an Important Potential Arbovirus Vector in Brazil: An Integrative Review
by Lúcia Aline Moura Reis, Ana Beatriz Oliveira Pampolha, Bruna Lais Sena do Nascimento, Daniel Damous Dias, Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo, Fábio Silva da Silva, Lucas Henrique da Silva e Silva, Hanna Carolina Farias Reis, Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva and Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
Life 2023, 13(11), 2179; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112179 - 8 Nov 2023
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Abstract
The genus Culex has 817 species subdivided into 28 subgenera. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, being most abundant in countries with a tropical climate. Understanding the ecology and diversity of viruses circulating in the species of this genus is important for understanding their [...] Read more.
The genus Culex has 817 species subdivided into 28 subgenera. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, being most abundant in countries with a tropical climate. Understanding the ecology and diversity of viruses circulating in the species of this genus is important for understanding their role as arbovirus vectors in Brazil. To conduct an integrative review to identify the importance of the Culex genus as arbovirus vectors in Brazil. A search was carried out for scientific papers in the PubMed, BVSalud, Patuá-IEC and International Catalogue of Arboviruses: including certain other viruses of vertebrates databases. 36 publications describing arbovirus detections in Culex mosquitoes collected in the field in Brazil were evaluated. A total of 42 arbovirus species were detected, as well as studies analyzing the vector competence of C. quinquefasciatus for the transmission of four different arboviruses. The study of the Culex genus and its role as a vector of arboviruses in Brazil is essential for understanding transmission cycles, with the main aim of reducing cases of human infection. Thus, entomovirological surveillance guides the implementation of actions to detect circulating arboviruses among vectors to anticipate measures aimed at preventing or reducing the risk of arbovirus outbreaks in the country. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arbovirus: Infection, Immunity and Antiviral Research)
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24 pages, 4184 KiB  
Review
Current Status of Vector-Borne Diseases in Croatia: Challenges and Future Prospects
by Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek, Natasa Janev-Holcer, Maja Bogdanic, Thomas Ferenc, Mateja Vujica Ferenc, Stjepan Krcmar, Vladimir Savic, Vladimir Stevanovic, Maja Ilic and Ljubo Barbic
Life 2023, 13(9), 1856; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091856 - 1 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2440
Abstract
Different vector-borne pathogens are present or have (re-)emerged in Croatia. Flaviviruses tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), West Nile (WNV), and Usutu (USUV) are widely distributed in continental regions, while Toscana virus (TOSV) and sandfly fever viruses are detected at the Croatian littoral. Recently, sporadic clinical [...] Read more.
Different vector-borne pathogens are present or have (re-)emerged in Croatia. Flaviviruses tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), West Nile (WNV), and Usutu (USUV) are widely distributed in continental regions, while Toscana virus (TOSV) and sandfly fever viruses are detected at the Croatian littoral. Recently, sporadic clinical cases of Tahyna orthobunyavirus (TAHV) and Bhanja bandavirus infection and seropositive individuals have been reported in continental Croatia. Acute infections and serologic evidence of WNV, TBEV, USUV, and TAHV were also confirmed in sentinel animals and vectors. Autochthonous dengue was reported in 2010 at the Croatian littoral. Lyme borreliosis is the most widely distributed vector-borne bacterial infection. The incidence is very high in northwestern and eastern regions, which correlates with numerous records of Ixodes ricinus ticks. Acute human Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections are reported sporadically, but there are many records of serologic evidence of anaplasmosis in animals. Mediterranean spotted fever (Rickettsia conorii) and murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) are the main rickettsial infections in Croatia. Human leishmaniasis is notified sporadically, while serologic evidence of leishmaniasis was found in 11.4% of the Croatian population. After the official eradication of malaria in 1964, only imported cases were reported in Croatia. Since vector-borne diseases show a growing trend, continuous monitoring of vectors is required to protect the population from these infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arbovirus: Infection, Immunity and Antiviral Research)
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