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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Strategies for Enhancing the Metabolome of Marine-Derived Fungi
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Strategies for Enhancing the Metabolome of Marine-Derived Fungi

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2019) | Viewed by 20591

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Peter Proksch

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Guest Editor
Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Düsseldorf, Gebäude 26.23, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
Interests: marine natural products, marine medicines, chemical ecology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Georgios Daletos

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Guest Editor
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Geb. 26.23, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
Interests: marine invertebrates and associated microorganisms, endophytes, bioactive natural products, structure elucidation, analytical chemistry, biosynthesis, marine biotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine-derived fungi continue to attract the interest of natural product researchers as a prolific source of structurally diverse and bioactive natural products, many of which play an eminent role as potential leads in drug discovery. Recent advances in genomics have revealed that the biogenetic potential of fungi is greatly underestimated, which is underlined by the fact that only a subset of fungal biogenetic gene clusters is expressed under standard laboratory growth conditions. To address this challenge, various strategies have been successfully applied, such as selective variation of abiotic culture conditions, namely OSMAC (One Strain MAny Compounds) approach, cultivation of two or more microbes in a single confined environment (co-culture or mixed fermentation), or genomics-based approaches including genome mining and epigenetic modulation, to name only a few. In this regard, the novel chemistry of induced “cryptic” metabolites often coincides with exceptional bioactivity profiles, thus, uncovering the vast potential of marine-derived fungi.

This Special Issue of Marine Drugs will focus on the potential of emerging strategies to elicit the cryptic secondary metabolome of marine-derived fungi in the quest for novel and/or bioactive natural products. As Guest Editors, we cordially invite you to contribute reviews, original papers, or short communications to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Peter Proksch
Dr. Georgios Daletos

Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Marine-derived fungi
  • OSMAC
  • Co-culture
  • Mixed fermentation
  • Epigenetic remodeling
  • Silent genes
  • Cryptic metabolome
  • Bioactive natural products

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2102 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Model to Predict Antioxidant Effects of the Peptide Fraction Extracted from a Co-Culture System of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Yarrowia lipolytica
by Huifan Liu, Sufen Li, Yuming Zhong, Jianliang Liu, Hui Liu, Jian Cheng, Lukai Ma, Yuqing Huang, Xuanyi Cai, Haijun Liu, Jiantong Zheng, Zhongai Su and Qin Wang
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(11), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17110633 - 08 Nov 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2404
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant components in co-culture of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Yarrowia lipolytica (3:1 ratio) were confirmed as trypsin-hydrolyzed peptides (EHPs). The EHPs were composed of 836 different peptides with molecular weights ranging from 639 to 3531 Da and were mainly composed [...] Read more.
In this study, the antioxidant components in co-culture of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Yarrowia lipolytica (3:1 ratio) were confirmed as trypsin-hydrolyzed peptides (EHPs). The EHPs were composed of 836 different peptides with molecular weights ranging from 639 to 3531 Da and were mainly composed of hydrophobic amino acids (48.1%). These peptides showed remarkable protective effects against oxidative stress in HepG2, which may be attributed to their structures. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were significantly lower in the peptide-treated group than in the control group, suggesting that the antioxidant enzyme-coding genes were not activated. The EC50 value of three peptides in the EHPs were in the order of AGYSPIGFVR (0.04 ± 0.002 mg/mL) > VLDELTLAR (0.09 ± 0.001 mg/mL) > LFDPVYLFDQG (0.41 ± 0.03 mg/mL); these results agreed with the prediction of the model (R2 > 0.9, Q2 > 0.5). Thus, EHPs show potential as potent new antioxidant agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Enhancing the Metabolome of Marine-Derived Fungi)
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10 pages, 2698 KiB  
Article
Verruculosins A–B, New Oligophenalenone Dimers from the Soft Coral-Derived Fungus Talaromyces verruculosus
by Minghui Wang, Longhe Yang, Liubin Feng, Fan Hu, Fang Zhang, Jie Ren, Yan Qiu and Zhaokai Wang
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(9), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17090516 - 02 Sep 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3291
Abstract
In an effort to discover new bioactive anti-tumor lead compounds, a specific tyrosine phosphatase CDC25B and an Erb family receptor EGFR were selected as drug screening targets. This work led to the investigation of the soft coral-derived fungus Talaromyces verruculosus and identification of [...] Read more.
In an effort to discover new bioactive anti-tumor lead compounds, a specific tyrosine phosphatase CDC25B and an Erb family receptor EGFR were selected as drug screening targets. This work led to the investigation of the soft coral-derived fungus Talaromyces verruculosus and identification of two new oligophenalenone dimers, verruculosins A–B (1–2), along with three known analogues, bacillisporin F (3), duclauxin (4), and xenoclauxin (5). Compound 1 was the first structure of the oligophenalenone dimer possessing a unique octacyclic skeleton. The detailed structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, optical rotation, Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations. Among which, compounds 1, 3, and 5 exhibited modest inhibitory activity against CDC25B with IC50 values of 0.38 ± 0.03, 0.40 ± 0.02, and 0.26 ± 0.06 µM, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Enhancing the Metabolome of Marine-Derived Fungi)
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9 pages, 1194 KiB  
Article
Exploration of Indole Alkaloids from Marine Fungus Pseudallescheria boydii F44-1 Using an Amino Acid-Directed Strategy
by Mei-Xiang Yuan, Yi Qiu, Yan-Qin Ran, Gong-Kan Feng, Rong Deng, Xiao-Feng Zhu, Wen-Jian Lan and Hou-Jin Li
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(2), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17020077 - 23 Jan 2019
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3905
Abstract
The composition of the culture medium has great influence on the metabolite production of the marine fungus Pseudallescheria boydii F44-1. By adding amino acids to GPY culture medium, two new bisindole alkaloids, pseudboindoles A and B (1 and 2), together with [...] Read more.
The composition of the culture medium has great influence on the metabolite production of the marine fungus Pseudallescheria boydii F44-1. By adding amino acids to GPY culture medium, two new bisindole alkaloids, pseudboindoles A and B (1 and 2), together with 11 known indole alkaloids were isolated from the culture broth. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of the NMR, MS, IR, and UV spectra. The 3,3′-cyclohexylidenebis(1H-indole) (3) showed cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Enhancing the Metabolome of Marine-Derived Fungi)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1308 KiB  
Article
Cyclodepsipeptides and Sesquiterpenes from Marine-Derived Fungus Trichothecium roseum and Their Biological Functions
by Yuan-Ming Zhou, Guang-Lin Ju, Lin Xiao, Xiang-Fei Zhang and Feng-Yu Du
Mar. Drugs 2018, 16(12), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/md16120519 - 19 Dec 2018
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3998
Abstract
On the basis of the ‘one strain, many compounds’ (OSMAC) strategy, chemical investigation of the marine-derived fungus Trichothecium roseum resulted in the isolation of trichomide cyclodepsipeptides (compounds 1–4) from PDB medium, and destruxin cyclodepsipeptides (compounds 5–7) and cyclonerodiol sesquiterpenes (compounds 8–10) from rice [...] Read more.
On the basis of the ‘one strain, many compounds’ (OSMAC) strategy, chemical investigation of the marine-derived fungus Trichothecium roseum resulted in the isolation of trichomide cyclodepsipeptides (compounds 1–4) from PDB medium, and destruxin cyclodepsipeptides (compounds 5–7) and cyclonerodiol sesquiterpenes (compounds 8–10) from rice medium. The structures and absolute configurations of novel (compounds 1, 8, and 9) and known compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and ECD calculations. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic, nematicidal, and antifungal activities, as well as brine shrimp lethality. The novel compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against the human cancer cell lines MCF-7, SW480, and HL-60, with IC50 values of 0.079, 0.107, and 0.149 μM, respectively. In addition, it also showed significant brine shrimp lethality, with an LD50 value of 0.48 μM, and moderate nematicidal activity against Heterodera avenae, with an LC50 value of 94.9 μg/mL. This study constitutes the first report on the cytotoxic and nematicidal potential of trichomide cyclodepsipeptides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Enhancing the Metabolome of Marine-Derived Fungi)
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Graphical abstract

13 pages, 1641 KiB  
Article
Epigenetic Modifiers Induce Bioactive Phenolic Metabolites in the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium brevicompactum
by Seham S. El-Hawary, Ahmed M. Sayed, Rabab Mohammed, Hossam M. Hassan, Mohamed A. Zaki, Mostafa E. Rateb, Tarek A. Mohammed, Elham Amin and Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
Mar. Drugs 2018, 16(8), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/md16080253 - 30 Jul 2018
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 6360
Abstract
Fungi usually contain gene clusters that are silent or cryptic under normal laboratory culture conditions. These cryptic genes could be expressed for a wide variety of bioactive compounds. One of the recent approaches to induce production of such cryptic fungal metabolites is to [...] Read more.
Fungi usually contain gene clusters that are silent or cryptic under normal laboratory culture conditions. These cryptic genes could be expressed for a wide variety of bioactive compounds. One of the recent approaches to induce production of such cryptic fungal metabolites is to use histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors. In the present study, the cultures of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium brevicompactum treated with nicotinamide and sodium butyrate were found to produce a lot of phenolic compounds. Nicotinamide treatment resulted in the isolation and identification of nine compounds 1–9. Sodium butyrate also enhanced the productivity of anthranilic acid (10) and ergosterol peroxide (11). The antioxidant as well as the antiproliferative activities of each metabolite were determined. Syringic acid (4), sinapic acid (5), and acetosyringone (6) exhibited potent in vitro free radical scavenging, (IC50 20 to 30 µg/mL) and antiproliferative activities (IC50 1.14 to 1.71 µM) against HepG2 cancer cell line. Furthermore, a pharmacophore model of the active compounds was generated to build up a structure-activity relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Enhancing the Metabolome of Marine-Derived Fungi)
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