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Formation, Microstructure and Behavior of Metastable Austenite in Advanced High-Strength...
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Formation, Microstructure and Behavior of Metastable Austenite in Advanced High-Strength Steels

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2024) | Viewed by 2093

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Gregory N. Haidemenopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Athens Avenue, Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece
Interests: physical metallurgy; computational alloy thermodynamics and kinetics; ICME; alloy and process design; metastable austenite in steels; TRIP effects in steels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The historical development of advanced high strength steels (AHHS) includes 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation AHHS. The 1st generation basically includes low-alloy steels with ferritic matrix and multiphase microstructure. Low-alloy TRIP steels, which belong to the 1st generation, are multiphase steels containing metastable retained austenite, exhibiting the TRIP effect. The 2nd generation AHHS steels include high-alloy steels containing a high amount of manganese. These steels exhibit a fully-austenitic microstructure and the deformation-induced γ→ε and ε→α’ transformations influence their mechanical behavior. The 3rd generation AHHS steels include steels with mechanical properties filling the gap between the 1st and 2nd generations. Quench & Partitioning (Q&P) and Medium-Mn steels are examples of 3rd generation AHHS steels.

Regarding the TRIP effect, a common characteristic of these steel groups, is the presence of metastable austenite in their microstructure. The austenite phase can either be homogeneous (2nd generation) or dispersed (1st and 3rd generations) in a multi-phase microstructure. The behavior of the austenitic phase during forming or loading determines the mechanical behavior in terms of strength, ductility and formability of the above steel grades. The behavior of austenite depends, on microstructural details such as size and shape of austenite as well as neighborness with other phases, which are established during processing. The stability of austenite has been recognized as the key issue controlling the mechanical behavior of austenite-containing steels and significant research is currently focused on the control of austenite stability in order to design optimized high-performance steel grades.

This Special Issue, “Formation and Behavior of Metastable Austenite in Advanced High-Strength Steels”, will include research papers and reviews on all aspects of metastable austenite in steels including, but not limited to, advanced processing of austenite-containing steels, austenite formation during heat treatment, microstructure development, solute partitioning and stabilization, effects of chemical composition, size, shape and triaxiality on austenite stability, stacking fault energy (SFE) effects, deformation-induced transformation under monotonic uniaxial or multiaxial loading, as well as cyclic loading, advanced experimental techniques to monitor the deformation-induced austenite transformation, modeling and simulation and finally alloy and process design for enhanced TRIP effects.

Prof. Dr. Gregory N. Haidemenopoulos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermodynamics and kinetics of austenite formation
  • processing for austenite stabilization
  • austenite stability
  • stress-assisted and strain-induced transformation kinetics
  • mechanical effects of austenite transformation under monotonic or cyclic loading
  • microstructural characterization of metastable retained austenite
  • hydrogen embrittlement and austenite in steels
  • alloy design for austenite-containing steels
  • modeling the formation and behavior of austenite in steels
  • deformation-induced transformation and constitutive behavior
  • low alloy TRIP steels
  • TWIP steels
  • high-Mn TRIP steels
  • Q&P TRIP steels
  • medium-Mn TRIP steels
  • bainitic steels containing retained austenite
  • high-entropy steels with TRIP effect

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 18434 KiB  
Article
Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling
by Junxiang Zhang, Shangjun Gu, Jie Wang, Fulong Wei, Zhiying Li, Zeyun Zeng, Bin Shen and Changrong Li
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1392; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061392 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 551
Abstract
High-carbon hardline steels are primarily used for the manufacture of tire beads for both automobiles and aircraft, and vanadium (V) microalloying is an important means of adjusting the microstructure of high-carbon hardline steels. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission [...] Read more.
High-carbon hardline steels are primarily used for the manufacture of tire beads for both automobiles and aircraft, and vanadium (V) microalloying is an important means of adjusting the microstructure of high-carbon hardline steels. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the microstructure and precipitation phases of continuous cooled high-carbon steels were characterized, and the vanadium content, carbon diffusion coefficient, and critical precipitation temperature were calculated. The results showed that as the V content increased to 0.06 wt.%, the interlamellar spacing (ILS) of the pearlite in the experimental steel decreased to 0.110 μm, and the carbon diffusion coefficient in the experimental steel decreased to 0.98 × 10−3 cm2·s−1. The pearlite content in the experimental steel with 0.02 wt.% V reached its maximum at a cooling rate of 5 °C·s−1, and a small amount of bainite was observed in the experimental steel at a cooling rate of 10 °C·s−1. The precipitated phase was VC with a diameter of ~24.73 nm, and the misfit between ferrite and VC was 5.02%, forming a semi-coherent interface between the two. Atoms gradually adjust their positions to allow the growth of VC along the ferrite direction. As the V content increased to 0.06 wt.%, the precipitation-temperature-time curve (PTT) shifted to the left, and the critical nucleation temperature for homogeneous nucleation, grain boundary nucleation, and dislocation line nucleation increased from 570.6, 676.9, and 692.4 °C to 634.6, 748.5, and 755.5 °C, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formation, Microstructure and Behavior of Metastable Austenite in Advanced High-Strength Steels)
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11 pages, 3527 KiB  
Article
The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a 15-6 PH Stainless Steel with Improved Thermal Aging Embrittlement Resistance
by Runtao Lv, Chenxin Yin, Bing Bai, Wen Yang and Zhangjian Zhou
Materials 2024, 17(5), 1179; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051179 - 03 Mar 2024
Viewed by 541
Abstract
The evolution of the microstructure and the mechanical properties of a 15-6 martensite precipitated hardened (15-6 PH) stainless steel after thermal treatment and long-term aging at 480 °C were investigated. Compared with 17-4 PH steel, the content of Cr decreased and Ni increased [...] Read more.
The evolution of the microstructure and the mechanical properties of a 15-6 martensite precipitated hardened (15-6 PH) stainless steel after thermal treatment and long-term aging at 480 °C were investigated. Compared with 17-4 PH steel, the content of Cr decreased and Ni increased in the newly developed 15-6 PH steel; therefore, reversed austenite formed after thermal treatment at 620 °C of the solution-treated 15-6 PH steel. Although the reversed austenite may reduce the strength of the steel, it is very beneficial for the inhibition of the aging brittleness of the steel. During the accelerated thermal aging at 480 °C, the Cu-rich phase gradually coarsened, and its crystal structure changed, while the reversed austenite phase sightly increased and the Charpy impact energy maintained a rather high value. The increase of the reversed austenite content can offset the reduction of the strengthening effect of the Cu-rich phase and therefore maintain an excellent impact property of the material after thermal aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formation, Microstructure and Behavior of Metastable Austenite in Advanced High-Strength Steels)
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12 pages, 1797 KiB  
Article
Process Maps for Predicting Austenite Fraction (vol.%) in Medium-Mn Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels
by Azin Mehrabi, Hatem S. Zurob and Joseph R. McDermid
Materials 2024, 17(5), 993; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17050993 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 631
Abstract
Process maps were developed using a combination of microstructural analysis and DICTRA-based modeling to predict the austenite vol.% as a function of the intercritical annealing parameters and starting microstructure. The maps revealed a strong dependence of the calculated austenite fraction (vol.%) on the [...] Read more.
Process maps were developed using a combination of microstructural analysis and DICTRA-based modeling to predict the austenite vol.% as a function of the intercritical annealing parameters and starting microstructure. The maps revealed a strong dependence of the calculated austenite fraction (vol.%) on the Mn content (4–12 wt.%) and intercritical annealing temperatures (600 °C to 740 °C). The calculations were carried out for constant carbon, Al, and Si contents of 0.2 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 1.0 wt.%, respectively. A modified empirical equation proposed by Koistinen and Marburger was employed to calculate the room-temperature retained austenite vol.% as a function of the intercritical annealing temperature, including the effect of the austenite composition. The process maps offer valuable insights for designing intercritical treatments of medium-Mn steels, aiding in the optimization of steel properties for automotive applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formation, Microstructure and Behavior of Metastable Austenite in Advanced High-Strength Steels)
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