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Selected Papers from the 3rd International E-Conference on Materials

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2018) | Viewed by 29236

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Prof. Dr. Maryam Tabrizian

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1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B6, Canada
2. Faculty of Dentistry and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
Interests: cell-biomaterial interactions; LbL self-assembly systems; theranostic devices for gene/protein therapy and tissue engineering; nanostructured interface by surface molecular engineering; microfluidic platforms for biorecognition systems and Lab-on-a-chip devices; real-time monitoring of cellular activities; characterization of biomaterials debris in biological tissues; polymer synthesis and characterization
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a collection of papers from the 3^rd International Electronic Conference on Materials (ECMS-2018).

Throughout this event, we covered the following topics:

Topic A: Materials Characterization
Topic B: Nanotechnology in Material sciences and Engineering
Topic C: Manufacturing Processes and Systems
Topic D: Biomaterials
Topic E: Fibers and Membranes
Topic F: Optical, Electrical and Magnetic Materials

ECMS-2018 is a virtual conference held at https://ecms2018.sciforum.net/. It provides the participants with the unique opportunity to disseminate, among their peers and in an open forum, their knowledge and latest research findings in the materials field and immediately receive feedback from the virtual audience so as to assist their future research directions.

All participants of the 3^rd International Electronic Conference on Materials (ECMS-2018) have the chance to publish their extended papers in this Special Issue, after the peer review.

Prof. Dr. Maryam Tabrizian
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 792 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Luting Materials on the Retention of Cemented Implant-Supported Crowns: An In Vitro Study

by Ella A. Naumova, Felix Roth, Berit Geis, Christine Baulig, Wolfgang H. Arnold and Andree Piwowarczyk

Materials 2018, 11(10), 1853; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101853 - 28 Sep 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3028

Abstract

The retention force of cemented crowns on implant abutments with various luting materials was evaluated. Cobalt–chromium crowns were cemented onto tapered titanium abutments (Camlog) with eugenol-free temporary cement (RelyX TempBond NE), composite-based temporary cement (Bifix Temp), zinc phosphate cement (Harvard Cement), glass-ionomer cements (Meron, Fuji I), and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (Fuji II, Fuji Plus, Ketac Cem Plus). Specimen aging via hydrostress was performed in artificial saliva at 37 °C for 14 days (S1), followed by hydrothermal stress with thermocycling (S2). The crowns were removed, and the force was recorded (T1). Subsequently, the crowns were recemented, aged, and removed, and the force was recorded (T2, T3). The retention forces differences were statistically significant according to the storage conditions at T1 (p = 0.002) and T3 (p = 0.0002). After aging (S1), Ketac Cem Plus had the highest retention force median value difference (T3 versus T1) (−773 N), whereas RelyX TempBond NE had the lowest (−146 N). After aging (S2), Meron had the highest retention force median value difference (−783 N), whereas RelyX TempBond NE had the lowest (−168 N). Recementation decreased the retention force of the implant-supported cobalt–chromium crowns cemented and recemented with the same luting materials. Luting materials (at T1) and aging conditions significantly impacted the retention force. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 3rd International E-Conference on Materials)

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16 pages, 5948 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of Soft Ferrites

by Patricia Gómez, Daniel Elduque, Carmelo Pina and Carlos Javierre

Materials 2018, 11(10), 1789; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101789 - 20 Sep 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3855

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of the composition on the environmental impact of the two main types of soft ferrites, allowing scientists and engineers to compare them based not only on cost and properties, but also on an environmental point of view. Iron oxides are the basis of soft ferrites, but these ferrites have a wide range of compositions, using materials such as manganese or nickel, which affect their magnetic properties, but also modify the environmental impact. A Life Cycle Assessment has been carried out for manganese‒zinc (MnZn) and nickel‒zinc (NiZn) soft ferrites, with a Monte Carlo approach to assess multiple compositions. The LCA model was developed with SimaPro 8.4, using the EcoInvent v3.4 life cycle inventory database. Environmental impact values were calculated under the ReCiPe and Carbon Footprint methodologies, obtaining a broad variety of results depending on the composition. The results were also significantly different from the standard EcoInvent ferrite. For the analyzed soft ferrites, the presence of manganese or nickel is a key factor from an environmental perspective, as these materials involve high environmental impacts, and their supply risk has increased during recent years, making them a concern for European manufacturers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 3rd International E-Conference on Materials)

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13 pages, 2306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electricity Consumption Estimation of the Polymer Material Injection-Molding Manufacturing Process: Empirical Model and Application

by Ana Elduque, Daniel Elduque, Carmelo Pina, Isabel Clavería and Carlos Javierre

Materials 2018, 11(9), 1740; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091740 - 16 Sep 2018

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6371 | Correction

Abstract

Polymer injection-molding is one of the most used manufacturing processes for the production of plastic products. Its electricity consumption highly influences its cost as well as its environmental impact. Reducing these factors is one of the challenges that material science and production engineering face today. However, there is currently a lack of data regarding electricity consumption values for injection-molding, which leads to significant errors due to the inherent high variability of injection-molding and its configurations. In this paper, an empirical model is proposed to better estimate the electricity consumption and the environmental impact of the injection-molding process. This empirical model was created after measuring the electricity consumption of a wide range of parts. It provides a method to estimate both electricity consumption and environmental impact, taking into account characteristics of both the molded parts and the molding machine. A case study of an induction cooktop housing is presented, showing adequate accuracy of the empirical model and the importance of proper machine selection to reduce cost, electricity consumption, and environmental impact. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 3rd International E-Conference on Materials)

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24 pages, 7798 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Analysis and 1D/2D Sensitivity Study for Monolithic and Laminated Structural Glass Elements under Thermal Exposure

by Marcin Kozłowski, Chiara Bedon and Dániel Honfi

Materials 2018, 11(8), 1447; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081447 - 16 Aug 2018

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5206

Abstract

Glass is largely used in architectural and engineering applications (i.e., buildings and vehicles) as a structural material, especially in the form of laminated glass (LG) sections. To achieve adequate and controlled safety levels in these applications, the well-known temperature-dependent behavior of viscoelastic interlayers for LG sections should be properly accounted for during the design process. Furthermore, the materials’ thermomechanical degradation with increases of temperature could severely affect the load-bearing performance of glass assemblies. In this context, uncoupled thermomechanical finite element (FE) numerical models could represent a robust tool and support for design engineers. Key input parameters and possible limits of the FE method, however, should be properly calibrated and assessed, so as to enable reliable estimations for the real behavior of glazing systems. In this paper, FE simulations are proposed for monolithic (MG) and LG specimens under radiant heating, based on one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) models. A special attention is focused on thermal effects, being representative of the first step for conventional uncoupled, thermomechanical analyses. Based on experimental results available in the literature, FE parametric studies are discussed, giving evidence of limits and issues due to several modeling assumptions. In particular, careful consideration is paid for various thermal material properties (conductivity, specific heat) and thermal boundaries (conductivity, emissivity), but also for other influencing parameters like the geometrical features of samples (thickness tolerances, cross-sectional properties, etc.), the composition of LG sections (interlayer type, thickness), the loading pattern (heat transfer distribution) and the presence of additional mechanical restraints (i.e., supports of different materials). Comparative FE results are hence critically discussed, highlighting the major effects of such influencing parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 3rd International E-Conference on Materials)

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11 pages, 4616 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigations on the Electrochemical Atomic Layer Growth of Bi₂Se₃ and the Surface Limited Deposition of Bismuth at the Silver Electrode

by Walter Giurlani, Andrea Giaccherini, Nicola Calisi, Giovanni Zangari, Emanuele Salvietti, Maurizio Passaponti, Stefano Caporali and Massimo Innocenti

Materials 2018, 11(8), 1426; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081426 - 14 Aug 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3690

Abstract

The Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition (E-ALD) technique is used for the deposition of ultrathin films of bismuth (Bi) compounds. Exploiting the E-ALD, it was possible to obtain highly controlled nanostructured depositions as needed, for the application of these materials for novel electronics (topological insulators), thermoelectrics and opto-electronics applications. Electrochemical studies have been conducted to determine the Underpotential Deposition (UPD) of Bi on selenium (Se) to obtain the Bi₂Se₃ compound on the Ag (111) electrode. Verifying the composition with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed that, after the first monolayer, the deposition of Se stopped. Thicker deposits were synthesized exploiting a time-controlled deposition of massive Se. We then investigated the optimal conditions to deposit a single monolayer of metallic Bi directly on the Ag. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 3rd International E-Conference on Materials)

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10 pages, 1344 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reliability of Orthodontic Miniscrews: Bending and Maximum Load of Different Ti-6Al-4V Titanium and Stainless Steel Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs)

by Andrea Scribante, Mona A. Montasser, Eman Saad Radwan, Luisa Bernardinelli, Roberto Alcozer, Paola Gandini and Maria Francesca Sfondrini

Materials 2018, 11(7), 1138; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071138 - 05 Jul 2018

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6194

Abstract

Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have been introduced into orthodontic clinical practice in order to allow tooth movements while avoiding strain on adjacent teeth. Miniscrews are available in the market with different diameters and materials. Accordingly, the purpose of the present report was to measure and compare the forces to bend and fracture different mini implants. Ti-6Al-4V titanium and stainless steel TADs of different manufacturers (Spider ScrewHDC; Mini Implants–Leone; Benefit–Orteam; Storm–Kristal) were evaluated. Two different diameters (1.5 mm and 2.0 mm) were tested. The sample included 10 unused specimens for each group, blocked in an Instron Universal Testing Machine, and a shear load was applied at the neck of the miniscrew. The force to bend the miniscrew was measured at 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm deflections. Also, the maximum force before screw fracture was recorded. Data were submitted for statistical analysis. Results showed significantly higher forces for 2.0 mm than 1.5 mm screws, both at 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm deflections and at maximum load. Moreover, no significant differences were reported between titanium and stainless steel miniscrews of equal diameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 3rd International E-Conference on Materials)

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