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Progress in Carbon-Based Materials
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Progress in Carbon-Based Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 July 2024 | Viewed by 11111

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz

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Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
2. Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
Interests: nanomaterials; 3D nano-scale structuration of graphene flakes by physical and chemical methods; carbon molecular sieves; N-rich nano-porous carbon matrixes; thermal direct conversion of polymers to multi-walled carbon nanotubes; porous carbon–based materials for applications in supercapacitors; metal–air batteries; solar cells; biological sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Piotr Kamedulski

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
Interests: nanomaterials; carbon nanotubes; 3D nano-scale structuration of graphene flakes by physical and chemical methods; hybrid carbon materials for applications in supercapacitors, metal–air batteries, and solar cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To this Special Issue of Materials, we welcome outstanding innovative contributions presenting methods for the preparation, modification, theoretical calculations and application of carbon-based materials. We also welcome contributions to the review of key trends and topics in the field of carbon-based materials for different applications. This Special Issue aims to present a collection of original research articles and review papers that will provide researchers worldwide with an overview of the latest trends and progress in the research field of carbon-based materials.

Prof. Dr. Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz
Dr. Piotr Kamedulski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon-based materials
  • porous carbons
  • electrochemistry
  • graphene
  • nanotubes
  • activated carbons
  • biomedical applications
  • hybrid materials
  • heteroatoms-rich carbons

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 6325 KiB  
Article
Application of a Carbon Fiber Microelectrode as a Sensor for Apocynin Electroanalysis
by Slawomir Michalkiewicz, Agata Skorupa, Magdalena Jakubczyk and Karolina Bębacz
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1593; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071593 - 30 Mar 2024
Viewed by 522
Abstract
In this study, a carbon fiber microelectrode (CF) was applied for the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the natural antioxidant, apocynin (APO). Given the limited solubility of APO in water, a mixture of anhydrous acetic acid (AcH) with 20%, v/v [...] Read more.
In this study, a carbon fiber microelectrode (CF) was applied for the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the natural antioxidant, apocynin (APO). Given the limited solubility of APO in water, a mixture of anhydrous acetic acid (AcH) with 20%, v/v acetonitrile (AN) and 0.1 mol L−1 sodium acetate (AcNa) was used. The electrochemical properties of APO were examined through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The anodic oxidation of APO, which is the basis of the method used, proved to be diffusion-controlled and proceeded with a two-electron and one proton exchange. Both radicals and radical cations, arising from the first and second step of electrode reactions, respectively, underwent subsequent chemical transformations to yield more stable final products (EqCiEiCi mechanism). Using optimized DPV conditions, the anodic peak current of APO at a potential of 0.925 V vs. Ag/AgCl showed a good linear response within the concentration range of 2.7 × 10−6–2.6 × 10−4 mol L−1. The detection and quantification limits were determined as 8.9 × 10−7 and 2.7 × 10−6 mol L−1, respectively. The developed DPV method enabled the successful determination of APO in herbal extracts and in dietary supplements. It should be noted that this is the first method to be used for voltammetric determination of APO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Carbon-Based Materials)
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15 pages, 2452 KiB  
Article
The Luminescence of Laser-Produced Carbon Nanodots: The Effect of Aggregation in PEI Solution
by Agata Kaczmarek, Agnieszka Wisniewska, Tomasz Mościcki and Jacek Hoffman
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1573; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071573 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 497
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) produced in pure water by the ablation of graphite with a nanosecond laser pulse exhibit weak photoluminescence. A small addition of polyethyleneimine (PEI) to the aqueous suspension of CNDs causes a significant increase in emissions. This paper presents experimental and [...] Read more.
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) produced in pure water by the ablation of graphite with a nanosecond laser pulse exhibit weak photoluminescence. A small addition of polyethyleneimine (PEI) to the aqueous suspension of CNDs causes a significant increase in emissions. This paper presents experimental and theoretical studies of the emission properties of CND/PEI systems. The obtained CNDs responded to even trace amounts of PEI in solution (~0.014% v/v), resulting in a significant increase in the initial weak blue emission of CNDs and PEI taken separately. Morphology and size measurements showed that particle aggregation occurred in the presence of the polymer. A decrease in the calculated Stokes shift values was observed with increasing PEI content in the solution. This indicates a reduction in the number of non-radiative transitions, which explains the increase in the emission intensity of the CND/PEI systems. These results therefore confirmed that the increase in the emission of CND/PEI systems is caused by particle aggregation. Kinetic studies proved that the process is controlled mainly by diffusion, the initial stage of which has a dominant influence on determining the optical properties of the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Carbon-Based Materials)
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17 pages, 2492 KiB  
Article
Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature and Acid-Base Pre-Treatment on the Synthesis of Biochar-Based Slow-Release Selenium Fertilizer and Its Release in Soil
by Jun Chu, Suikai Wang, Jie Yu, Yuting Gao, Zhenya Tang and Qiliang Yang
Materials 2024, 17(4), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040879 - 14 Feb 2024
Viewed by 680
Abstract
Plant-derived selenium is an important source of selenium (Se) for humans, which, however, has been restricted by a low content of Se in soil. Traditional Se fertilizers have tended to result in low selenium utilization. Thus, it was necessary to develop a new [...] Read more.
Plant-derived selenium is an important source of selenium (Se) for humans, which, however, has been restricted by a low content of Se in soil. Traditional Se fertilizers have tended to result in low selenium utilization. Thus, it was necessary to develop a new slow-release material to control Se fertilizer release. In this study, biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C and 800 °C was cross-linked with polyethyleneimine (PEI) after being treated with HNO3 or NaOH (which were labeled Acid-W300, Acid-W800, Alkali-W300, and Alkali-W800). The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of Acid-W300, Alkali-W300, Acid-W800, and Alkali-W800 were 329.16 mg/g, 321.93 mg/g, 315.04 mg/g, and 344.33 mg/g, respectively. Among them, Acid-W800 and Alkali-W800 were mainly imine- and amide-bonded with SO32−, while Acid-W300 and Alkali-W300 were loaded with SO32− by forming the C–Se bonding as well as through imine- and amide-bonding. The release of four biochar-based selenium fertilizers in the red soil and brown soil extracts conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The release rate and release amount of four biochar-based selenium fertilizers in the red soil extract were higher than those in the brown soil extract. Alkali-W800-Se had a higher proportion of Se-exchangeable release, accounting for 87.5% of the total loaded selenium, while Acid-W300-Se had the lowest proportion at 62.2%. However, the Se releases of Alkali-W800-Se were more than 42.49% and 37.67% of the total Se-loading capacity during 5 days of continuous red soil extraction and brown soil extraction, respectively. Acid-W300-Se released less than 20% of the total Se-loading capacity. Thus, Acid-W300-Se was the recommended slow-release Se fertilizer in red soil and brown soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Carbon-Based Materials)
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12 pages, 1908 KiB  
Article
Atomically Precise Distorted Nanographenes: The Effect of Different Edge Functionalization on the Photophysical Properties down to the Femtosecond Scale
by Marco Reale, Alice Sciortino, Marco Cannas, Ermelinda Maçoas, Arthur H. G. David, Carlos M. Cruz, Araceli G. Campaña and Fabrizio Messina
Materials 2023, 16(2), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020835 - 15 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have been attracting widespread interest since they combine peculiar properties of graphene with molecular features, such as bright visible photoluminescence. However, our understanding of the fundamental properties of NGs is still hampered by the high degree of heterogeneity usually characterizing most [...] Read more.
Nanographenes (NGs) have been attracting widespread interest since they combine peculiar properties of graphene with molecular features, such as bright visible photoluminescence. However, our understanding of the fundamental properties of NGs is still hampered by the high degree of heterogeneity usually characterizing most of these materials. In this context, NGs obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes represent optimal benchmarks to unambiguously relate their properties to well-defined structures. Here we investigate in deep detail the optical response of three curved hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes. They are constituted by the same graphenic core, characterized by the presence of a heptagon ring determining a saddle distortion of their sp2 network, and differ from each other for slightly different edge functionalization. The quite similar structure allows for performing a direct comparison of their spectroscopic features, from steady-state down to the femtosecond scale, and precisely disentangling the role played by the different edge chemistry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Carbon-Based Materials)
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20 pages, 7152 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Exchange-Correlation Energy of Graphene Sheets from Reverse Degree-Based Molecular Descriptors with Applications
by Mohammed Albadrani, Parvez Ali, Waleed H. El-Garaihy and Hassan Abd El-Hafez
Materials 2022, 15(8), 2889; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082889 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1344
Abstract
Over the past few years, the popularity of graphene as a potential 2D material has increased since graphene-based materials have applications in a variety of fields, including medicine, engineering, energy, and the environment. A large number of graphene sheets as well as an [...] Read more.
Over the past few years, the popularity of graphene as a potential 2D material has increased since graphene-based materials have applications in a variety of fields, including medicine, engineering, energy, and the environment. A large number of graphene sheets as well as an understanding of graphene’s structural hierarchy are critical to the development of graphene-based materials. For a variety of purposes, it is essential to understand the fundamental structural properties of graphene. Molecular descriptors were used in this study to investigate graphene sheets’ structural behaviour. Based on our findings, reverse degree-based molecular descriptors can significantly affect the exchange-correlation energy prediction. For the exchange-correlation energy of graphene sheets, a linear regression analysis was conducted using the reverse general inverse sum indeg descriptor, RGISI(p,q). From RGISI(p,q), a set of reverse topological descriptors can be obtained all at once as a special case, resulting in a model with a high correlation coefficient (R between 0.896 and 0.998). Used together, these reverse descriptors are graphed in relation to their response to graphene. Based on this study’s findings, it is possible to predict the exchange correlation energy as well as the geometric structures of graphene sheets with very little computational cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Carbon-Based Materials)
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Review

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33 pages, 5386 KiB  
Review
Review on Fluorescent Carbon/Graphene Quantum Dots: Promising Material for Energy Storage and Next-Generation Light-Emitting Diodes
by Ashish Gaurav, Amrita Jain and Santosh Kumar Tripathi
Materials 2022, 15(22), 7888; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227888 - 08 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3086
Abstract
Carbon/graphene quantum dots are 0D fluorescent carbon materials with sizes ranging from 2 nm to around 50 nm, with some attractive properties and diverse applications. Different synthesis routes, bandgap variation, higher stability, low toxicity with tunable emission, and the variation of physical and [...] Read more.
Carbon/graphene quantum dots are 0D fluorescent carbon materials with sizes ranging from 2 nm to around 50 nm, with some attractive properties and diverse applications. Different synthesis routes, bandgap variation, higher stability, low toxicity with tunable emission, and the variation of physical and chemical properties with change in size have drawn immense attention to its potential application in different optoelectronics-based materials, especially advanced light-emitting diodes and energy storage devices. WLEDs are a strong candidate for the future of solid-state lighting due to their higher luminance and luminous efficiency. High-performance batteries play an important part in terms of energy saving and storage. In this review article, the authors provide a comparative analysis of recent and ongoing advances in synthesis (top-down and bottom-up), properties, and wide applications in different kinds of next-generation light-emitting diodes such as WLEDs, and energy storage devices such as batteries (Li-B, Na-B) and supercapacitors. Furthermore, they discuss the potential applications and progress of carbon dots in battery applications such as electrode materials. The authors also summarise the developmental stages and challenges in the existing field, the state-of-the-art of carbon/graphene quantum dots, and the potential and possible solutions for the same. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Carbon-Based Materials)
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16 pages, 4687 KiB  
Review
A Mini Review on Persulfate Activation by Sustainable Biochar for the Removal of Antibiotics
by Mengxue Li, Peng Li, Qi Zhou and Stephanie Ling Jie Lee
Materials 2022, 15(17), 5832; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175832 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2245
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination in water bodies poses ecological risks to aquatic organisms and humans and is a global environmental issue. Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs) are efficient for the removal of antibiotics. Sustainable biochar materials have emerged as potential candidates as persulfates (Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) [...] Read more.
Antibiotic contamination in water bodies poses ecological risks to aquatic organisms and humans and is a global environmental issue. Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs) are efficient for the removal of antibiotics. Sustainable biochar materials have emerged as potential candidates as persulfates (Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and Peroxydisulfate (PDS)) activation catalysts to degrade antibiotics. In this review, the feasibility of pristine biochar and modified biochar (non-metal heteroatom-doped biochar and metal-loaded biochar) for the removal of antibiotics in PS-AOPs is evaluated through a critical analysis of recent research. The removal performances of biochar materials, the underlying mechanisms, and active sites involved in the reactions are studied. Lastly, sustainability considerations for future biochar research, including Sustainable Development Goals, technical feasibility, toxicity assessment, economic and life cycle assessment, are discussed to promote the large-scale application of biochar/PS technology. This is in line with the global trends in ensuring sustainable production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Carbon-Based Materials)
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