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Materials
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Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Carbon Films
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Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Carbon Films

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 11174

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yuri Svirko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
Interests: carbon nanomaterials; nonlinear optics; nonlinear optical spectroscopy; nanophotonics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Polina Kuzhir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Photonics, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
Interests: 2D materials; bolometer; carbon nanotube; CVD synthesis; detector; graphene; microwave; nanocarbon; passive device; polymer composite; spectroscopy; terahertz
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multifunctionality or the ability to perform multiple functions in a system can be often achieved by modifying material properties at the nanoscale. Such a modification means that such “smart” material has a tremendous potential to impact system performance by reducing size, weight, cost, power consumption, and complexity while improving efficiency, safety, and versatility. Carbon offers a great potential in fabrication of multifunctional materials with advantageous electric, transport, and optical properties based on its 0D (fullerene), 1D (carbon nanotube), 2D (graphene), and 3D (diamond and graphite) allotropes.

This Special issue focuses on multifunctional carbon films and addresses fabrication and functionalization of carbon films for electronic and photonic applications. There are different pathways to achieve multifunctionality using single-walled and multiwalled nanotubes, graphene as it is or in combination with other 2D materials, metamaterials approach, or nanocomposites containing exfoliated graphite, carbon nanofibers, and carbon onions. All these strategies have pros and cons when it comes to providing the nanotechnology with various material platforms, which consider not only electrical, optical, and transport properties of nanomaterials and nanocircuits, but also their weight, thickness, and cost. The Special issue will also give an opportunity to end-users to decide which material platform will be best suited for the required functionality.

This Special Issue will address the physics and technology of multifunctional carbon films, problems related to their interaction with electromagnetic waves, and physical mechanisms responsible for their electrical, transport, and optical properties. Fundamental problems of carbon nanomaterials as well as various applications of carbon films will also be addressed in this issue.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit communications, full papers, and reviews to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Yuri Svirko
Dr. Polina Kuzhir
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • graphene
  • graphene ribbon
  • carbon nanotubes
  • carbon nanotube forest
  • pyrolytic carbon
  • carbon nanocomposite
  • thin films
  • carbon metasurface
  • ballistic transport
  • sheet conductivity
  • electromagnetic compatibility

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2055 KiB  
Article
Electrical and Structural Characterization of Few-Layer Graphene Sheets on Quartz
by Kazybek Aimaganbetov, Nurlan Almas, Bayan Kurbanova, Dauren Muratov, Abay Serikkanov, Zinetula Insepov and Nurlan Tokmoldin
Materials 2022, 15(15), 5330; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155330 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1518
Abstract
Despite the impressive performance and incredible promise for a variety of applications, the wide-scale commercialization of graphene is still behind its full potential. One of the main challenges is related to preserving graphene’s unique properties upon transfer onto practically desirable substrates. In this [...] Read more.
Despite the impressive performance and incredible promise for a variety of applications, the wide-scale commercialization of graphene is still behind its full potential. One of the main challenges is related to preserving graphene’s unique properties upon transfer onto practically desirable substrates. In this work, few-layer graphene sheets deposited via liquid-phase transfer from copper onto a quartz substrate have been studied using a suite of experimental techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, admittance spectroscopy, and four-point probe electrical measurements. SEM measurements suggest that the transfer of graphene from copper foil to quartz using the aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was accompanied by unintentional etching of the entire surface of the quartz substrate and, as a result, the formation of microscopic facet structures covering the etched surface of the substrate. As revealed by Raman spectroscopy and the electrical measurements, the transfer process involving the etching of the copper foil in a 0.1 M solution of (NH4)2S2O8 resulted in its p-type doping. This was accompanied by the appearance of an electronic gap of 0.022 eV, as evidenced by the Arrhenius analysis. The observed increase in the conductance of the samples with temperature can be explained by thermally activated carrier transport, dominating the scattering processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Carbon Films)
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10 pages, 1340 KiB  
Article
Dielectric Properties of Hybrid Polyethylene Composites Containing Cobalt Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes
by Ieva Vanskevičė, Mariya A. Kazakova, Jan Macutkevic, Nina V. Semikolenova and Juras Banys
Materials 2022, 15(5), 1876; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051876 - 02 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1858
Abstract
Polymer composites with electrically conductive inclusions are intensively developed for microwave shielding applications, where lightweight and elastic coatings are necessary. In this paper, dielectric properties of hybrid polyethylene composites containing cobalt nanoparticles and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were investigated in the wide frequency [...] Read more.
Polymer composites with electrically conductive inclusions are intensively developed for microwave shielding applications, where lightweight and elastic coatings are necessary. In this paper, dielectric properties of hybrid polyethylene composites containing cobalt nanoparticles and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were investigated in the wide frequency range of 20–40 GHz for electromagnetic shielding applications. The percolation threshold in the hybrid system is close to 6.95 wt% MWCNT and 0.56 Co wt%. Cobalt nanoparticles (up to highest investigated concentration 4.8 wt%) had no impact on the percolation threshold, and for the fixed total concentration of fillers, the complex dielectric permittivity is higher for composites with bigger MWCNT concentrations. Moreover, the microwave complex dielectric permittivity of composites with high concentration of fillers is quite high (for composites with 13.4 wt% MWCNT and 1.1 wt% Co ε′ ≈ ε″ ≈ 20 at 30 GHz, it corresponds to microwave absorption 50% of 1 mm thickness plate); therefore, these composites are suitable for electromagnetic shielding applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Carbon Films)
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15 pages, 5348 KiB  
Article
Fibers of Thermoplastic Copolyamides with Carbon Nanotubes for Electromagnetic Shielding Applications
by Paulina Latko-Durałek, Povilas Bertasius, Jan Macutkevic, Juras Banys and Anna Boczkowska
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5699; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195699 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1402
Abstract
Polymer composites containing carbon nanofillers are extensively developed for electromagnetic shielding applications, where lightweight and flexible materials are required. One example of the microwave absorbers can be thermoplastic fibers fabricated from copolyamide hot melt adhesives and 7 wt% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, as [...] Read more.
Polymer composites containing carbon nanofillers are extensively developed for electromagnetic shielding applications, where lightweight and flexible materials are required. One example of the microwave absorbers can be thermoplastic fibers fabricated from copolyamide hot melt adhesives and 7 wt% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, as presented in this paper. A broadband dielectric spectroscopy confirmed that the addition of carbon nanotubes significantly increased microwave electrical properties of the thin (diameter about 100 μm) thermoplastic fibers. Moreover, the dielectric properties are improved for the thicker fibers, and they are almost stable at the frequency range 26–40 GHz and not dependent on the temperature. The variances in the dielectric properties of the fibers are associated with the degree of orientation of carbon nanotubes and the presence of bundles, which were examined using a high-resolution scanning microscope. Analyzing the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite fibers, as an effect of the carbon nanotubes addition, an improvement in the stiffness of the fibers was observed, together with a decrease in the fibers’ elongation and tensile strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Carbon Films)
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11 pages, 1884 KiB  
Article
Laser Patterning of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Arrays: Morphology, Surface Structure, and Interaction with Terahertz Radiation
by Olga V. Sedelnikova, Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy, Alexander G. Kurenya, Kseniya I. Baskakova, Elena V. Shlyakhova, Anna A. Makarova, Gleb V. Gorokhov, Dzmitry S. Bychanok, Polina P. Kuzhir, Sergey A. Maksimenko, Lyubov G. Bulusheva and Alexander V. Okotrub
Materials 2021, 14(12), 3275; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123275 - 14 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2321
Abstract
The patterning of arrays of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) allows creating metastructures for terahertz (THz) applications. Here, the strips and columns from MWCNTs vertically grown on silicon substrates are prepared using CO2 laser treatment. The tops of the patterned arrays are [...] Read more.
The patterning of arrays of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) allows creating metastructures for terahertz (THz) applications. Here, the strips and columns from MWCNTs vertically grown on silicon substrates are prepared using CO2 laser treatment. The tops of the patterned arrays are flat when the laser power is between 15 and 22 W, and craters appear there with increasing power. Laser treatment does not destroy the alignment of MWCNTs while removing their poorly ordered external layers. The products of oxidative destruction of these layers deposit on the surfaces of newly produced arrays. The oxygen groups resulting from the CO2 laser treatment improve the wettability of nanotube arrays with an epoxy resin. We show that the patterned MWCNT arrays absorb the THz radiation more strongly than the as-synthesized arrays. Moreover, the pattern influences the frequency behavior of the absorbance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Carbon Films)
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9 pages, 2163 KiB  
Article
Single-Crystal Diamond Needle Fabrication Using Hot-Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition
by Rinat Ismagilov, Sergei Malykhin, Aleksey Puzyr, Artem Loginov, Victor Kleshch and Alexander Obraztsov
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2320; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092320 - 29 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3079
Abstract
Single-crystal diamonds in the form of micrometer-scale pyramids were produced using a combination of hot-filament (HF) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and thermal oxidation processes. The diamond pyramids were compared here with similar ones that were manufactured using plasma-enhanced (PE) CVD. The similarities revealed [...] Read more.
Single-crystal diamonds in the form of micrometer-scale pyramids were produced using a combination of hot-filament (HF) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and thermal oxidation processes. The diamond pyramids were compared here with similar ones that were manufactured using plasma-enhanced (PE) CVD. The similarities revealed in the morphology, Raman, and photoluminescent characteristics of the needles obtained using the hot-filament and plasma-enhanced CVD are discussed in connection with the diamond film growth mechanism. This work demonstrated that the HF CVD method has convincing potential for the fabrication of single-crystal diamond needles in the form of regularly shaped pyramids on a large surface area, even on non-conducting substrates. The experimental results demonstrated the ability for the mass production of the single-crystal needle-like diamonds, which is important for their practical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Carbon Films)
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