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Clinical Profile and Treatment Response of Patients with Ocular Inflammation

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Valeria Albano

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Guest Editor

Department of Neurosciences, Eye Institute, University Hospital Polyclinic of Bari, Bari, Italy
Interests: uveitis; ocular ultrasonography; neuro-ophthalmology; retina diseases; ophthalmic tumors

Prof. Dr. Giovanni Alessio

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Guest Editor

Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Eye Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Interests: ocular microsurgery; refractive surgery; cataract surgery; glaucoma; cornea

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ocular inflammations involve different parts of the eyes, with difficult early first diagnosis and treatment not being defined in all cases. Etiologic investigations allow for the epidemiology of ocular inflammation, according to whether the infection is of immunological origin or indicative of neoplastic masquerade syndrome. Most cases need a multidisciplinary approach. It is important to hasten the diagnosis of ocular inflammation because its development into more severe forms is associated with a poor functional prognosis, bad visual outcomes, and severe complications despite treatment.

The aim of this Special Issue is to invite skilled colleagues to identify the clinical features of and treatments for patients with ocular inflammation.

We welcome cutting-edge papers that will provide us with useful recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular inflammation.

We are soliciting original papers, brief reports, and reviews.

Dr. Valeria Albano
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Alessio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

ocular inflammation
anterior uveitis
posterior uveitis
intermediate uveitis
masquerade syndrome

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 551 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Uveitis Risk following Pediatric Down Syndrome Diagnosis: A TriNetX Database Study

by Alan Y. Hsu, Yu-Hsun Wang, Chun-Ju Lin, You-Ling Li, Ning-Yi Hsia, Chun-Ting Lai, Hou-Ting Kuo, Huan-Sheng Chen, Yi-Yu Tsai and James Cheng-Chung Wei

Medicina 2024, 60(5), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050710 - 25 Apr 2024

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Abstract

Background and Objectives: The risks of uveitis development among pediatric patients with Down syndrome (DS) remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the risk of uveitis following a diagnosis of DS. Materials and Methods: This multi-institutional retrospective cohort study utilized the TriNetX database to identify individuals aged 18 years and younger with and without a diagnosis of DS between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2023. The non-DS cohort consisted of randomly selected control patients matched by selected variables. This included gender, age, ethnicity, and certain comorbidities. The main outcome is the incidence of new-onset uveitis. Statistical analysis of the uveitis risk was reported using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Separate analyses of the uveitis risk among DS patients based on age groups and gender were also performed. Results: A total of 53,993 individuals with DS (46.83% female, 58.26% white, mean age at index 5.21 ± 5.76 years) and 53,993 non-DS individuals (45.56% female, 58.28% white, mean age at index 5.21 ± 5.76 years) were recruited from the TriNetX database. Our analysis also showed no overall increased risk of uveitis among DS patients (HR: 1.33 [CI: 0.89–1.99]) compared to the non-DS cohort across the 23-year study period. Subgroup analyses based on different age groups showed that those aged 0–1 year (HR: 1.36 [CI: 0.68–2.72]), 0–5 years (HR: 1.34 [CI: 0.75–2.39]), and 6–18 years (HR: 1.15 [CI: 0.67–1.96]) were found to have no association with uveitis risk compared to their respective non-DS comparators. There was also no increased risk of uveitis among females (HR: 1.49 [CI: 0.87–2.56]) or males (HR: 0.82 [CI: 0.48–1.41]) with DS compared to their respective non-DS comparators. Conclusions: Our study found no overall increased risk of uveitis following a diagnosis of DS compared to a matched control population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Profile and Treatment Response of Patients with Ocular Inflammation)

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Other

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6 pages, 1338 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Epstein–Barr Virus Uveitis Confirmed via Aqueous Humor Polymerase Chain Reaction and Metagenomics—A Case Report

by Ning-Yi Hsia, Henry Bair, Chih-Ying Lin, Chun-Ju Lin, Chun-Ting Lai, Chieh-Min Chang, Jane-Ming Lin and Yi-Yu Tsai

Medicina 2024, 60(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010097 - 04 Jan 2024

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Abstract

This is a case report of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) uveitis confirmed via aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and metagenomics. This 72-year-old male with a history of diabetes and herpes zoster complained of redness and blurred vision in his right eye for eight months. Mild conjunctival injection, anterior chamber cells, mutton-fat keratic precipitates, and vitreous haze were noted. Fluorescein angiography revealed dye leakage from retinal vessels without retinal ischemic changes. Only the serum anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG was positive while the aqueous humor PCR for VZV (Varicella-zoster virus), HSV (Herpes simplex viruses), CMV, and EBV was initially negative. Inflammation recurred and vitreous haze worsened after discontinuing nine-month topical ganciclovir and oral prednisolone. the aqueous humor PCR was repeated due to persistent low-grade inflammation. The EBV PCR turned out to be positive. Shotgun metagenomics revealed 1459 classified sequences (1.62%) and confirmed the EBV infection. Topical ganciclovir and methylprednisolone treatment was resumed. Conjunctival injection improved while pigmented keratic precipitates lessened. Elderly patients with diabetes or under immunosuppression may be susceptible to chronic uveitis associated with subsequent EBV infection. Repeated aqueous humor PCR and shotgun metagenomics are important tools in the diagnosis of this case of chronic indolent panuveitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Profile and Treatment Response of Patients with Ocular Inflammation)

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