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Membranes
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Sensing Membranes
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Sensing Membranes

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 13341

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Chyuan-Haur Kao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Interests: electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS); extended gate field effect transistors (EGFET); bio-sensors; high dielectric constant material; thin-film transistors; flash memory
Prof. Dr. Hsiang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, College of Science and Technology, National Chi Nan University, Puli 54561, Taiwan
Interests: ZnO/ZnS core shell nanostructures; organic/inorganic hybrid gas sensors; high-k gate dielectrics; extended-gate field-effect transistors, and GaN optoelectronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Monitoring multiple ions and solutes from the human body is a crucial aspect of medical examinations of patients. Recently, semiconductor-based health monitoring devices have been intensively studied because of their light weight, fast response, and stable performance. The connection between the semiconductor device and medical technology has been made, as the primitive ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) with electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structures used for pH detection was demonstrated and can be realized. Furthermore, several metal oxide materials have been extensively investigated as sensing membranes, owing to their excellent sensitivity. Therefore, selecting novel sensing materials with high sensitivity and reliability is important for precise biosensor applications.

This Special Issue on “Sensing Membrane in Bio-Sensing Applications” aims to assess the state-of-the-art and future developments in the field of sensing membrane processes for bio-sensor applications. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductors (EIS), ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs), extended gate field effect transistors (EGFETs), gas sensors, pressure sensors, photodetectors, and ultrasonic sensors with sensing membranes processed for bio-sensor applications. Novel membrane materials and applications, as well as medical studies, will also be considered. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Chyuan-Haur Kao
Prof. Dr. Hsiang Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS)
  • ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs)
  • extended gate field effect transistors (EGFETs)
  • gas sensor
  • pressure sensor
  • photodetectors
  • ultrasonic sensors
  • bio-sensor
  • metal oxide
  • novel membrane

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3267 KiB  
Article
A New Sensing Material Based on Tetraaza/SBA15 for Rapid Detection of Copper(II) Ion in Water
by Eda Yuhana-Ariffin, Siti Syahraini Sulaiman, Noraisyah Abdul Kadir Jilani, Devika Nokarajoo, Nurul Hidayah Abdul Razak, Darfizzi Derawi and Siti Aishah Hasbullah
Membranes 2022, 12(11), 1152; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111152 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1510
Abstract
A novel rapid and sensitive optical sensor for Cu2+ ion detection based on 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-7,14-dienium dibromide (TL) immobilized on Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15) has been successfully developed. The inner and outer space of SBA15 allowed a high capacity of TL compound to immobilize [...] Read more.
A novel rapid and sensitive optical sensor for Cu2+ ion detection based on 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-7,14-dienium dibromide (TL) immobilized on Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15) has been successfully developed. The inner and outer space of SBA15 allowed a high capacity of TL compound to immobilize onto it. FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis was performed to confirm the morphology of TL-SBA15, while FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was utilized to confirm the interaction of TL–SBA15. A binding study of TL compound towards Cu2+ ion was performed via UV-vis solution study and binding titration. The stoichiometric binding ratio and binding constant value Kb of TL towards Cu2+ ion was 1:1 and 2.33 × 103 M−1, respectively. The optical reflectance sensor based on the TL compound is selective to Cu2+ ion and demonstrated a linear response over a Cu2+ ion concentration range of 1 × 10−7 M to 2 × 10−5 M, with a detection limit (LOD) of 1.02 × 10−7 M (R2 = 0.99) and fast response time of < 1 min. It showed high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) obtained at 0.47%. This optical sensor is reusable up to five consecutive times on Cu2+ ion by using 0.1 M EDTA with a pH of 6 as a regeneration solution, with a reversibility RSD value of 0.79%. The developed optical sensor provides a rapid and sensitive tool for Cu2+ ion detection in teabag samples, and the results align with those obtained by the ICP-MS standard method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing Membranes)
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15 pages, 2463 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Castor Oil-Based Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) with Active Agent 1,10-Phenanthroline for Aqueous Pb2+ Analysis
by Khairun Nisah, Rahmi Rahmi, Muliadi Ramli, Rinaldi Idroes, Sagir Alva, Muhammad Iqhrammullah and Eka Safitri
Membranes 2022, 12(10), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12100987 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1476
Abstract
This research has successfully fabricated ion selective electrode (ISE) for Pb2+ using castor oil (Ricinus communis L.)-based polyurethane (PU) membrane with 1,10-phenanthroline as the active agent. The sensitivity of the Pb2+ ISE obtained is 27.25 mV/decade with a linear range [...] Read more.
This research has successfully fabricated ion selective electrode (ISE) for Pb2+ using castor oil (Ricinus communis L.)-based polyurethane (PU) membrane with 1,10-phenanthroline as the active agent. The sensitivity of the Pb2+ ISE obtained is 27.25 mV/decade with a linear range of [Pb(NO3)2] of 10−10–10−5 M and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.959. The system response reaches stability after 25 s of measurement. The Pb2+ has a detection limit of 10−10 M and gives a stable response at pH 7–8 with a 15-day lifetime. The investigation of the selectivity of the ISE was performed using the mixed solution method with log Kij values of <1. The selectivity order of Pb2+ ISE against the foreign ions is Ag2+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+ > Cu2+ > Fe3+ > Cr3+> Zn2+ > Cd2+. The Pb2+ ISE shows acceptable reproducibility and repeatability with standard deviation values of 0.065 and 0.0079, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra confirmed that 1,10-phenanthroline was responsible for the formation of the Pb2+ ion entrapment via complexation. Other characterizations (crystallinity, micro-surface morphology, and mechanical strength) suggest the degradation of the membrane structure integrity after the application. The analysis results of Pb levels using the Pb2+ ISE in artificial and wastewater samples were not significantly different from the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) measurement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing Membranes)
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13 pages, 2993 KiB  
Article
Carbon-Based Transducers for Solid-Contact Calcium Ion-Selective Electrodes: Mesopore and Nitrogen-Doping Effects
by Yirong Zhang, Yitian Tang, Rongfeng Liang, Lijie Zhong, Jiexian Xu, Huici Lu, Xiaofeng Xu, Tingting Han, Yu Bao, Yingming Ma, Shiyu Gan and Li Niu
Membranes 2022, 12(9), 903; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090903 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2839
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) exhibit great potential in the detection of routine and portable ions which rely on solid-contact (SC) materials for the transduction of ions to electron signals. Carbon-based materials are state-of-the-art SC transducers due to their high electrical double-layer (EDL) capacitance [...] Read more.
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) exhibit great potential in the detection of routine and portable ions which rely on solid-contact (SC) materials for the transduction of ions to electron signals. Carbon-based materials are state-of-the-art SC transducers due to their high electrical double-layer (EDL) capacitance and hydrophobicity. However, researchers have long searched for ways to enhance the interfacial capacitance in order to improve the potential stability. Herein, three representative carbon-based SC materials including nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were compared. The results disclose that the NMC has the highest EDL capacitance owing to its mesopore structure and N-doping while maintaining high hydrophobicity so that no obvious water-layer effect was observed. The Ca2+-SC-ISEs based on the SC of NMC exhibited high potential stability compared with RGO and CNT. This work offers a guideline for the development of carbon-material-based SC-ISEs through mesoporous and N-doping engineering to improve the interfacial capacitance. The developed NMC-based solid-contact Ca2+-SC-ISE exhibited a Nernstian slope of 26.3 ± 3.1 mV dec−1 ranging from 10 μM to 0.1 M with a detection limit of 3.2 μM. Finally, a practical application using NMC-based SC-ISEs was demonstrated through Ca2+ ion analysis in mineral water and soil leaching solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing Membranes)
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14 pages, 6010 KiB  
Article
ZIF-8 Nanoparticles Based Electrochemical Sensor for Non-Enzymatic Creatinine Detection
by Titisha Chakraborty, Munmun Das, Chan-Yu Lin, Yen Su, Bing Yuan and Chyuan-Haur Kao
Membranes 2022, 12(2), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020159 - 28 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3356
Abstract
There is a consistent demand for developing highly sensitive, stable, cost-effective, and easy-to-fabricate creatinine sensors as creatinine is a reliable indicator of kidney and muscle-related disorders. Herein, we reported a highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical creatinine sensor via modifying poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene [...] Read more.
There is a consistent demand for developing highly sensitive, stable, cost-effective, and easy-to-fabricate creatinine sensors as creatinine is a reliable indicator of kidney and muscle-related disorders. Herein, we reported a highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical creatinine sensor via modifying poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs). The topography, crystallinity, and composition of the sensing electrode were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The peroxidase-like activity of ZIF-8 nanoparticles enabled it to detect creatinine forming a zinc-creatinine composite. The electrochemical behavior and sensing performance were evaluated by amperometric and impedimetric analysis. The sensor obtained a sufficiently low limit of detection (LOD) of 30 µM in a clinically acceptable linear range (0.05 mM–2.5 mM). The interference study demonstrated high selectivity of the sensor for creatinine concerning other similar biomolecules. The sensing performance of the creatinine sensor was verified in the actual human serum, which showed excellent recovery rates. Hence, the magnificent performance of ZIF-8 based non-enzymatic creatinine sensor validated it as a responsible entity for other complicated renal markers detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing Membranes)
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Review

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19 pages, 4294 KiB  
Review
Zinc–Tin Oxide Film as an Earth-Abundant Material and Its Versatile Applications to Electronic and Energy Materials
by Juhyung Seo and Hocheon Yoo
Membranes 2022, 12(5), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050485 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2937
Abstract
Zinc–Tin Oxide (ZTO) films potentially offer desirable properties for next-generation devices and are considered promising candidates due to the following merits: (I) zinc and tin are abundant on Earth, with estimated reserves of approximately 250 million tons and 4.3 billion tons, respectively, (II) [...] Read more.
Zinc–Tin Oxide (ZTO) films potentially offer desirable properties for next-generation devices and are considered promising candidates due to the following merits: (I) zinc and tin are abundant on Earth, with estimated reserves of approximately 250 million tons and 4.3 billion tons, respectively, (II) zinc and tin are harmless to the human body, and (III) large-area manufacturing with various synthesis processes is available. Considering the advantages and promises of these ZTO films, this review provides a timely overview of the progress and efforts in developing ZTO-based electronic and energy devices. This review revisits the ZTO films used for various device applications, including thin-film transistors, memory devices, solar cells, and sensors, focusing on their strong and weak points. This paper also discusses the opportunities and challenges for using ZTO films in further practical electronic and energy device applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing Membranes)
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