Advances in Corrosion and Protection of Materials (Second Edition)

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion and Protection".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 5997

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Center for Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of the ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
Interests: corrosion mechanisms; localized corrosion; corrosion-fatigue; local probe techniques; surface chemistry; biomedical alloys; magnesium alloys
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Corrosion plays a central role in modern civilization, impacting the costs of a variety of industry sectors. As concerns related to the safety and performance of materials evolve, knowledge about corrosion mechanisms and protection methods becomes increasingly important to support growing technological developments. The design of new materials and manufacturing methods must rely on a careful analysis of the corrosion resistance, especially on the correlation between chemical composition, processing parameters, metallurgical aspects and surface characteristics. In this challenging scenario, corrosion research is crucial. Novel research fields have emerged in the past few years, bringing a huge amount of information on hot topics such as multiprinciple metallic alloys, additively manufactured alloys, friction stir welded materials, localized corrosion processes studied by scanning probe techniques, biomedical alloy, and new protective coatings.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide the readership of Metals with the most up-to-date research in the corrosion and protection of materials. The interests are particularly related to corrosion of novel metallic alloys, corrosion mechanisms, correlation between surface chemistry and corrosion, novel manufacturing methods (additive manufacturing, friction stir welding), effects of metallurgical aspects on corrosion (heat treatments, crystalline phases, microstructure, grain size, texture), use of scanning probe techniques to study local corrosion processes, protective coatings, and surface treatments. We welcome reviews and research articles.

Prof. Dr. Renato Altobelli Antunes
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multiprinciple alloys
  • biomedical alloys
  • scanning probe techniques
  • protective coatings
  • corrosion mechanisms
  • surface chemistry
  • additive manufacturing

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4903 KiB  
Article
Effect of Graphene Oxide as an Anodizing Additive for the ZK60A Magnesium Alloy: Correlating Corrosion Resistance, Surface Chemistry and Film Morphology
by Paula Lima Braga, Denise Criado Pereira de Souza, Mara Cristina Lopes de Oliveira and Renato Altobelli Antunes
Metals 2024, 14(2), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020210 - 8 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 855
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of graphene oxide as an additive in the anodization bath of the ZK60A magnesium alloy on the corrosion resistance, film morphology and surface chemical composition. The anodizing process was conducted at a [...] Read more.
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of graphene oxide as an additive in the anodization bath of the ZK60A magnesium alloy on the corrosion resistance, film morphology and surface chemical composition. The anodizing process was conducted at a constant current density of 30 mA.cm−2 in an electrolyte consisting of 3 M de KOH, 0.15 M de Na2SiO3 and 0.1 M Na2B4O7.10H2O. Graphene oxide was added to this bath at three different concentrations: 0.5 g.L−1, 1.0 g.L−1 and 3.0 g.L−1. The ability of the graphene oxide nanofiller to enhance the corrosion resistance of the ZK60A alloy was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The surface chemical composition was assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDS analysis was employed to examine the anodized layer morphology and thickness. The results pointed to a beneficial effect of graphene oxide addition on the corrosion resistance of the anodized ZK60A which was dependent on the concentration of the nanofiller in the anodizing electrolyte. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Corrosion and Protection of Materials (Second Edition))
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25 pages, 14739 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of Titanium Alloys (Ti CP2, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti Beta-C) with Anodized and Exposed in NaCl and H2SO4 Solutions
by Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio, Jesús Manuel Jáquez-Muñoz, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Erick Maldonado-Bandala, Maria Lara-Banda, Manuel Alejandro Lira-Martinez, Hortensia Reyes-Blas, Miguel Ángel Baltazar-Zamora, Laura Landa-Ruiz, Luis Daimir Lopez-Leon and Facundo Almeraya-Calderon
Metals 2024, 14(2), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020160 - 28 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 837
Abstract
Nowadays, different industries, such as the aerospace and biomedical industries, prefer using Ti alloys due to their excellent anti-corrosion properties and ability to generate a TiO2 oxide layer; this induces the use of anodization to increase the useful life of components. The [...] Read more.
Nowadays, different industries, such as the aerospace and biomedical industries, prefer using Ti alloys due to their excellent anti-corrosion properties and ability to generate a TiO2 oxide layer; this induces the use of anodization to increase the useful life of components. The aim of this work is to characterize the electrochemical effect of anodizing treatment on titanium alloys (Ti CP2, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti Beta-C) in NaOH and KOH at 1 M, applying a current density of 0.0025 A/cm2. The electrochemical techniques employed were electrochemical noise (EN) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), supported by ASTM G199 and ASTM G106 in electrolytes of NaCl and H2SO4 at 3.5 wt. % as a simulation of marine and industrial atmospheres. Also, the anodized transversal section and surface morphology were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of both electrochemical techniques indicated that Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo anodized in NaOH presented the best properties against corrosion, and the thickness of the oxide was the biggest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Corrosion and Protection of Materials (Second Edition))
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23 pages, 12165 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Pore Sealing in a Multilayer Si–O–Zr/Al2O3 Coating Designed to Protect Aluminium from Corrosion
by Peter Rodič, Barbara Kapun and Ingrid Milošev
Metals 2023, 13(12), 1960; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121960 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1100
Abstract
This study deals with the combination of two corrosion protection strategies for aluminium: barrier protection (provided by a 3.8 μm thick hybrid sol–gel coating) and aluminium pore sealing via the use of a 100 nm thick layer of aluminium oxide. A Si–O–Zr hybrid [...] Read more.
This study deals with the combination of two corrosion protection strategies for aluminium: barrier protection (provided by a 3.8 μm thick hybrid sol–gel coating) and aluminium pore sealing via the use of a 100 nm thick layer of aluminium oxide. A Si–O–Zr hybrid sol–gel coating (TMZ) was synthesised by combining two separately prepared sols (i) tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane and (ii) zirconium(IV) n-propoxide chelated with methacrylic acid. The synthesis of the Si–O–Zr hybrid sol–gel was evaluated at various stages using real-time infrared spectroscopy. A 100 nm thick Al2O3 film was prepared via thermal atomic layer deposition at 160 °C using trimethyl aluminium and water as precursors. The coating and film properties were assessed via focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Sealing with the Al2O3 film did not affect the microstructure and composition of the underlying sol–gel coating. The coating’s corrosion performance in 0.1 M NaCl solution was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Compared to individual coatings, the multilayer TMZ/Al2O3 coating ensured prolonged (more than three weeks) durable corrosion protection for the aluminium. The impedance magnitude increased by two orders compared to the uncoated substrate (|Z|10 mHz from 16 kΩ cm2 to almost 830 MΩ cm2). Thus, the pore sealing of the sol–gel coating using an ALD alumina film produced a protective multilayer coating system, with |Z|10 mHz remaining above 5 MΩ cm2 after four weeks in NaCl solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Corrosion and Protection of Materials (Second Edition))
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18 pages, 4367 KiB  
Article
Influence of pH on the Inhibiting Characteristics of Cresol Red Incorporated in Chitosan Coatings on Zinc
by Regina Buier, Gabriella Stefania Szabó, Gabriel Katona, Norbert Muntean and Liana Maria Muresan
Metals 2023, 13(12), 1958; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121958 - 30 Nov 2023
Viewed by 782
Abstract
The present work focuses on the investigation of protective coatings produced on zinc from chitosan (Chit) and an anionic dye, namely cresol red. Cresol red (CR) fulfills the basic requirements to be used as a corrosion inhibitor because it possesses a relatively high [...] Read more.
The present work focuses on the investigation of protective coatings produced on zinc from chitosan (Chit) and an anionic dye, namely cresol red. Cresol red (CR) fulfills the basic requirements to be used as a corrosion inhibitor because it possesses a relatively high molecular weight and includes in its structure oxygen and sulfur atoms as well as aromatic rings. Moreover, it is an anionic compound that can interact with positively charged chitosan to produce reinforced coatings for zinc anti-corrosion protection. The influence of cresol red as a possible corrosion inhibitor for zinc substrates was investigated either in solution or incorporated in Chit coatings. Two preparation methods for the coatings were used: (i) Chit coating impregnation by immersion in the CR solution after Chit deposition on Zn, and (ii) chitosan mixing with the CR solution before applying the dip-coating technique. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were used to determine the kinetic parameters of the corrosion process. Long-term measurements were carried out in wet/dry cyclic conditions by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. EIS measurements recorded in 0.2 g/L Na2SO4 at pH = 7 show an important increase in the impedance of the coatings occurring from the first until the fifty-fifth day in a row, in dry–wet cycles. This increase is due to the beneficial effect of CR incorporated in Chitosan and could be, at least partially, related to a consolidation of the Chit coating structure in the presence of CR by crosslinking between Chit and CR molecules. The structure of the coatings was studied, and the interactions between chitosan and cresol red were put into evidence by using FT-IR spectroscopy. Adhesion and wettability measurements were also carried out. The adhesion of Chit incorporating CR on Zn was better than that on glass substrates and reached ~99.99%, suggesting a better affinity of the chitosan coating towards the Zn substrate due to the existence of ZnO on the substrate surface. All the results show that CR could be used on zinc as a corrosion inhibitor incorporated in chitosan at basic pHs, but without taking advantage of its pH-indicating properties, which are lost due to the interactions occurring between the positively charged biopolymer and the negatively charged dye molecule. The preparation method of Chit coating impregnation with CR by immersion in the solution after deposition on Zn led to poorer results than the method in which chitosan was previously mixed with CR before applying the dip-coating technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Corrosion and Protection of Materials (Second Edition))
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16 pages, 3872 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of the Cu24Zn5Al Alloy in Sodium Sulfate Solution in the Presence of 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole
by Vojka Gardić, Žaklina Z. Tasić, Marija B. Petrović Mihajlović, Milan B. Radovanović and Milan M. Antonijević
Metals 2023, 13(11), 1863; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13111863 - 8 Nov 2023
Viewed by 935
Abstract
The results of this research on the electrochemical behavior of Cu24Zn5Al alloy in a 0.1 mol/dm3 sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution containing 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole (PMT) are presented in this paper. The influence of PMT concentration, chloride ion concentration, and pre-treatment [...] Read more.
The results of this research on the electrochemical behavior of Cu24Zn5Al alloy in a 0.1 mol/dm3 sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution containing 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole (PMT) are presented in this paper. The influence of PMT concentration, chloride ion concentration, and pre-treatment were examined. The influence of pre-treatment was studied in terms of the effect of the immersion time of the electrode in the appropriate inhibitor solution. After selecting the optimal immersion time, its effect on the behavior of the Cu24Zn5Al alloy was tested in a 0.1 mol/dm3 solution of sodium sulfate in the presence of different concentrations of chloride ions. Research shown that with the increase of PMT concentration, the anodic current density around the corrosion potential decreases, indicating that PMT behaves as a corrosion inhibitor for Cu24Zn5Al alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Corrosion and Protection of Materials (Second Edition))
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19 pages, 7178 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behaviour Modelling Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Case Study in Biogas Environment
by María Jesús Jiménez-Come, Francisco Javier González Gallero, Pascual Álvarez Gómez and Jesús Daniel Mena Baladés
Metals 2023, 13(11), 1811; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13111811 - 27 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1001
Abstract
The main objective established in this work was to develop a model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the corrosion status of stainless steel involved in biogas production, analyzing the influence of the material composition and the breakdown potential value. To [...] Read more.
The main objective established in this work was to develop a model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the corrosion status of stainless steel involved in biogas production, analyzing the influence of the material composition and the breakdown potential value. To achieve this objective, an ANN model capable of predicting the corrosion status of the material without the need to perform microscopic analysis on the material surface was proposed. The applicability of the corrosion models was verified via the experimental data considering different factors such as stainless steel composition, biogas environments simulated by artificial solution, temperature, surface finish, and the breakdown potential of the passive layer of stainless steel obtained from electrochemical tests. The optimal prediction performance shown by the model in terms of specificity and sensitivity values were 0.969 and 0.971, respectively, obtaining an accuracy of 0.966. Furthermore, analyzing the influence of the breakdown potential on corrosion modelling, an alternative model was presented capable of predicting the corrosion status automatically, without the need to resort to electrochemical tests for new conditions. The results demonstrated the utility of this technique to be considered in design and maintenance planning tasks for stainless steel structures subjected to localized corrosion in biogas production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Corrosion and Protection of Materials (Second Edition))
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