Biofilm Implant Related Infections, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Biofilm".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2024) | Viewed by 1846

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Interests: microbiota and probiotics; prosthetic and joint infections; biofilm implant related infections; osteomyelitis; diagnosis for bone-joint infec-tions; antimicrobials and antimicrobial devices
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Dear Colleagues,

Biofilm formation is the key factor in the pathogenesis of implant-associated infections. The most common pathogens isolated from such infections are Staphylococcus species, opportunists belonging to the physiological flora of the skin, but other bacteria or fungi can also be involved in these types of infections. Biofilm formation starts with the adhesion of microorganisms and colonization preferentially occurring on the surfaces of a foreign body material. As an interactive symbiotic “city of microbes”, biofilm formation represents an efficient survival strategy for bacteria. In clinically apparent infections, biofilms induce a local host response, involving the infiltration of phagocytic immune cells. Biofilm implant-related infections represent serious acute as well as chronic complications, with high morbidity for the patient and elevated costs for the healthcare system. These infections are typically due to the presence of several bacterial species that are able to produce biofilms. Biofilms are able to adhere to implanted biomaterials (e.g., prosthetic implants, endotracheal tubes, intravenous catheters, indwelling urinary catheters, tissue fillers). Microbial biofilms make infections more refractory to treatment, while slowing tissue repair by stimulating chronic inflammation at the implant site. Preventive measures should be focused primarily on discouraging biofilm formation by protecting implant surfaces with coatings that are able to inhibit bacterial adhesion while maintaining the functional activity of host cells for good implant integration. Further investigations are needed to develop reliable animal models that more closely mimic different infections and allow for the evaluation of the efficacy of surgical procedures as well as systemic or local therapies. To enhance the detection of implant-related infections, additional investigative methods are being explored, such as culture-independent molecular techniques. The purpose of this Research Topic is to provide the reader with an updated overview of infections related to implants. We welcome manuscripts presenting the current state of the art and providing novel scientific knowledge in view of an improvement in the knowledge on implants, new etiologic agents, and biofilm-related infections.

Dr. Lorenzo Drago
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biofilm-related infections
  • implants
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1997 KiB  
Communication
Clinical Evaluation of Microbial Communities and Associated Biofilms with Breast Augmentation Failure
by Robert Whitfield, Craig D. Tipton, Niccole Diaz, Jacob Ancira and Kyle S. Landry
Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1830; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091830 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 864
Abstract
The incidence of breast implant illness (BII) and BII-related explant procedures has not decreased with current surgical and treatment techniques. It is speculated the main underlying cause of BII complications is the result of chronic, sub-clinical infections residing on and around the implant. [...] Read more.
The incidence of breast implant illness (BII) and BII-related explant procedures has not decreased with current surgical and treatment techniques. It is speculated the main underlying cause of BII complications is the result of chronic, sub-clinical infections residing on and around the implant. The infection, and subsequent biofilm, produce antagonistic compounds that drive chronic inflammation and immune responses. In this study, the microbial communities in over 600 consecutive samples of infected explant capsules and tissues were identified via next-generation sequencing to identify any commonality between samples. The majority of the bacteria identified were Gram-positive, with Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis being the dominant organisms. No correlation between sample richness and implant filling was found. However, there was a significant correlation between sample richness and patient age. Due to the complex nature, breast augmentation failures may be better addressed from a holistic approach than one of limited scope. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilm Implant Related Infections, 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 630 KiB  
Article
Diagnostic Accuracy of Rotational Thromboelastometry for Low-Virulence Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Pilot Study
by Andreas G. Tsantes, Aglaia Domouchtsidou, Konstantina A. Tsante, Petros Ioannou, Alexandra Mpakosi, Eleni Petrou, Stavros Goumenos, Ioannis G. Trikoupis, Anastasios G. Roustemis, Sotirios P. Fortis, Christos Koutserimpas, Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos, George Samonis, Stefanos Bonovas and Dimitrios V. Papadopoulos
Microorganisms 2024, 12(8), 1740; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081740 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 678
Abstract
Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are associated with altered coagulation dynamics; therefore, coagulation laboratory studies could be valuable for diagnosing PJI. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in detecting PJIs caused by low-virulence pathogens. Methods: A retrospective [...] Read more.
Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are associated with altered coagulation dynamics; therefore, coagulation laboratory studies could be valuable for diagnosing PJI. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in detecting PJIs caused by low-virulence pathogens. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, enrolling 78 patients who underwent exchange arthroplasty due to PJI due to high-virulence pathogens (Group A, n = 16), low-virulence pathogens (Group B, n = 20), or due to aseptic loosening (Group C, n = 20). Preoperative laboratory findings were compared among the three groups. Results: Several ROTEM parameters differed in patients with PJIs caused by low-virulence pathogens, indicating a link between these infections and hypercoagulability. The development of low-virulence PJIs was associated with a higher maximum clot firmness (MCF) (Odds Ratio, 1.12; 95% Confidence Interval, 1.04–1.21; p = 0.001). Additionally, EXTEM MCF was found to have the highest diagnostic accuracy for these infections (Area Under the Curve, 0.841; sensitivity 90.0%; specificity 90.4%), surpassing that of C-reactive protein and the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (p = 0.006 and p = 0.019, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ROTEM analysis is a promising method for detecting the altered hemostatic dynamics associated with PJI caused by low-virulence pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilm Implant Related Infections, 2nd Edition)
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