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Molecules
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Green Organic Synthesis: Novel Approaches
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Green Organic Synthesis: Novel Approaches

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 2423

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ignacio López-Coca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Technology, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
Interests: green chemistry; organic synthesis; heterogeneous catalysis; ionic liquids; activated carbons
Prof. Dr. Carlos Javier Duran-Valle

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
Interests: green chemistry; organic synthesis; heterogeneous catalysis; ionic liquids; activated carbons

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organic synthesis is essential for the progress of society since it allows access to a multitude of compounds of great importance in multiple fields. One of the current objectives of chemical research is to minimize its environmental impact, within the conceptual framework known as Green Chemistry.

The use of catalysis in organic synthesis constitutes one of the most prolific and effective methodologies to achieve high yields and selectivities, in short periods of time, and with the utilization of less energy; all of them are paradigms of the practice of Green Chemistry. Within the field of catalysis, the existence of different possible techniques, be they heterogeneous, homogeneous, or enzymatic, allows different strategies to circumvent specific drawbacks of each synthetic process. Non-conventional forms of energy activation, namely the use of microwave radiation or the use of ultrasonic waves, have also made it possible to reduce the generation of by-products and waste, saving time and energy. On the other hand, very interesting results have been found in the novel application of low environmental impact solvents, such as water, ionic liquids, and NADES, in the optimization of organic synthesis reactions.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a means of open access dissemination of research works that exemplify recent advances in the application of different catalysis models and improvement of efficiency in organic synthesis reactions.

Prof. Dr. Ignacio López-Coca
Prof. Dr. Carlos Javier Duran-Valle
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green chemistry
  • heterogeneous catalysis
  • homogeneous catalysis
  • enzymatic catalysis
  • microwave synthesis
  • sonochemistry
  • natural deep eutectic solvents
  • ionic liquids
  • synthetic methods

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 8590 KiB  
Article
Chitosan as a Bio-Based Ligand for the Production of Hydrogenation Catalysts
by Stefano Paganelli, Eleonora Brugnera, Alessandro Di Michele, Manuela Facchin and Valentina Beghetto
Molecules 2024, 29(9), 2083; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092083 - 01 May 2024
Viewed by 254
Abstract
Bio-based polymers are attracting increasing interest as alternatives to harmful and environmentally concerning non-biodegradable fossil-based products. In particular, bio-based polymers may be employed as ligands for the preparation of metal nanoparticles (M(0)NPs). In this study, chitosan (CS) was used for the stabilization of [...] Read more.
Bio-based polymers are attracting increasing interest as alternatives to harmful and environmentally concerning non-biodegradable fossil-based products. In particular, bio-based polymers may be employed as ligands for the preparation of metal nanoparticles (M(0)NPs). In this study, chitosan (CS) was used for the stabilization of Ru(0) and Rh(0) metal nanoparticles (MNPs), prepared by simply mixing RhCl3 × 3H2O or RuCl3 with an aqueous solution of CS, followed by NaBH4 reduction. The formation of M(0)NPs-CS was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Their size was estimated to be below 40 nm for Rh(0)-CS and 10nm for Ru(0)-CS by SEM analysis. M(0)NPs-CS were employed for the hydrogenation of (E)-cinnamic aldehyde and levulinic acid. Easy recovery by liquid-liquid extraction made it possible to separate the catalyst from the reaction products. Recycling experiments demonstrated that M(0)NPs-CS were highly efficient up to four times in the best hydrogenation conditions. The data found in this study show that CS is an excellent ligand for the stabilization of Rh(0) and Ru(0) nanoparticles, allowing the production of some of the most efficient, selective and recyclable hydrogenation catalysts known in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Organic Synthesis: Novel Approaches)
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16 pages, 2278 KiB  
Article
Direct Homogeneous Synthesis of Compounds with Two O Atoms and Long-Chain Hydrocarbons from CO and H2: Co–Ru/N-methylpyrrolidone Catalyst
by Anton Lvovich Maximov, Mayya V. Kulikova, Alexey E. Kuz’min and Mikhail I. Ivantsov
Molecules 2023, 28(17), 6341; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176341 - 30 Aug 2023
Viewed by 754
Abstract
The homogeneous acetic acid synthesis-type Ru–Co–Li/N-methylpyrrolidone catalyst for CO and H2 transformations has been studied at moderately high pressures. For 1CO:2H2, low acetic acid selectivity has been observed, along with remarkable methyl acetate selectivity, the absence of aldehydes and ethyl [...] Read more.
The homogeneous acetic acid synthesis-type Ru–Co–Li/N-methylpyrrolidone catalyst for CO and H2 transformations has been studied at moderately high pressures. For 1CO:2H2, low acetic acid selectivity has been observed, along with remarkable methyl acetate selectivity, the absence of aldehydes and ethyl acetate and sharp deviations from the Anderson-Schultz-Flory distribution for both alcaohols and long-chain hydrocarbons. For 1CO:1H2 and slightly elevated pressure, acetic acid selectivity slightly increased, notable ethyl acetate formation was detected, and both long-chain hydrocarbons and alcohols disappeared. Hypotheses are discussed about the direct parallel formation of all observed product groups (hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, and acetic acid) and hydrocarbon chain growth limitations according to the formed Ru–Co cluster size in the presence of the aforementioned catalytic system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Organic Synthesis: Novel Approaches)
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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 2305 KiB  
Article
An Efficient Synthesis of Oxygen-Bridged Spirooxindoles via Microwave-Promoted Multicomponent Reaction
by Yaojing Shi, Hua Zhao and Yufen Zhao
Molecules 2023, 28(8), 3508; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083508 - 16 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 995
Abstract
A microwave-promoted multicomponent reaction of isatins, α-amino acids and 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene is achieved under environmentally friendly conditions, delivering oxygen-bridged spirooxindoles within 15 min in good to excellent yields. The attractive features of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition are the compatibility of various primary amino acids and [...] Read more.
A microwave-promoted multicomponent reaction of isatins, α-amino acids and 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene is achieved under environmentally friendly conditions, delivering oxygen-bridged spirooxindoles within 15 min in good to excellent yields. The attractive features of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition are the compatibility of various primary amino acids and the high efficiency of the short reaction time. Moreover, the scale-up reaction and synthetic transformations of spiropyrrolidine oxindole further demonstrate its synthetic utility. This work provides powerful means to expand the structural diversity of spirooxindole as a promising scaffold for novel drug discovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Organic Synthesis: Novel Approaches)
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