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The Current Landscape of Nucleic-Acid-Based Drugs

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 8786

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
Interests: nucleic acids; nanomaterials; drug delivery; molecular diagnosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nucleic acids have emerged as therapeutics or drug carriers, and demonstrated the potential to treat diseases. Nucleic acid therapeutics such as antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA have shown therapeutic effects. The safe and effective delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics into cells to perform gene therapy via sophisticated delivery platforms is becoming increasing attractive.

Besides therapeutics, nucleic acids have also been used to construct nucleic acid nanostructures for drug delivery owing to their predictability and programmability. Some DNA nanostructures can perform structural transformation in response to stimuli. A wave of the design and use of DNA nanostructures as drug carriers to perform complex tasks such as targeted load delivery and the triggered release of loads in response to stimuli has occurred.

However, knowledge and works in these fields are still limited. To achieve a better understanding and exploration of the nucleic-acid-based therapeutics and nanostructures as drug carriers, papers addressing the following aspects are welcome (note that we use the term ‘nucleic-acid-based drugs’ to include all nucleic-acid-based approaches): 1) new nucleic acid therapeutics, platforms for the delivery of nucleic-acid therapeutics, the rationale and key technological aspects for improving their therapeutic effectiveness, and the technologies facilitating their clinical translation. 2) Studies on various DNA nanostructure-based drug delivery systems—their design strategies; the targeting and stimuli-responsive mechanisms of the platforms; their drug release behaviors; and their disease therapeutic effects.

Dr. Zhenbao Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nucleic acid therapeutics
  • DNA nanostructure
  • drug delivery platforms
  • drug delivery systems
  • therapeutic effectiveness

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2777 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Chemical Modifications on the Interferon-Inducing and Antiproliferative Activity of Short Double-Stranded Immunostimulating RNA
by Ali Bishani, Mariya I. Meschaninova, Marina A. Zenkova and Elena L. Chernolovskaya
Molecules 2024, 29(13), 3225; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133225 - 7 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1610
Abstract
A short 19 bp dsRNA with 3′-trinucleotide overhangs acting as immunostimulating RNA (isRNA) demonstrated strong antiproliferative action against cancer cells, immunostimulatory activity through activation of cytokines and Type-I IFN secretion, as well as anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects in vivo. The aim of this [...] Read more.
A short 19 bp dsRNA with 3′-trinucleotide overhangs acting as immunostimulating RNA (isRNA) demonstrated strong antiproliferative action against cancer cells, immunostimulatory activity through activation of cytokines and Type-I IFN secretion, as well as anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine the tolerance of chemical modifications (2′-F, 2′-OMe, PS, cholesterol, and amino acids) located at different positions within this isRNA to its ability to activate the innate immune system. The obtained duplexes were tested in vivo for their ability to activate the synthesis of interferon-α in mice, and in tumor cell cultures for their ability to inhibit their proliferation. The obtained data show that chemical modifications in the composition of isRNA have different effects on its individual functions, including interferon-inducing and antiproliferative effects. The effect of modifications depends not only on the type of modification but also on its location and the surrounding context of the modifications. This study made it possible to identify leader patterns of modifications that enhance the properties of isRNA: F2/F2 and F2_S/F2 for interferon-inducing activity, as well as F2_S5/F2_S5, F2-NH2/F2-NH2, and Ch-F2/Ch-F2 for antiproliferative action. These modifications can improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, as well as increase the specificity of isRNA action to obtain the desired effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Current Landscape of Nucleic-Acid-Based Drugs)
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16 pages, 3929 KiB  
Article
Influence of Combinations of Lipophilic and Phosphate Backbone Modifications on Cellular Uptake of Modified Oligonucleotides
by Timofey D. Zharkov, Oleg V. Markov, Sergey A. Zhukov, Svetlana N. Khodyreva and Maxim S. Kupryushkin
Molecules 2024, 29(2), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29020452 - 17 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1445
Abstract
Numerous types of oligonucleotide modifications have been developed since automated synthesis of DNA/RNA became a common instrument in the creation of synthetic oligonucleotides. Despite the growing number of types of oligonucleotide modifications under development, only a few of them and, moreover, their combinations [...] Read more.
Numerous types of oligonucleotide modifications have been developed since automated synthesis of DNA/RNA became a common instrument in the creation of synthetic oligonucleotides. Despite the growing number of types of oligonucleotide modifications under development, only a few of them and, moreover, their combinations have been studied widely enough in terms of their influence on the properties of corresponding NA constructions. In the present study, a number of oligonucleotides with combinations of 3′-end lipophilic (a single cholesteryl or a pair of dodecyl residues) and phosphate backbone modifications were synthesized. The influence of the combination of used lipophilic groups with phosphate modifications of various natures and different positions on the efficiency of cell penetration was evaluated. The obtained results indicate that even a couple of phosphate modifications are able to affect a set of oligonucleotide properties in a complex manner and can remarkably change cellular uptake. These data clearly show that the strategy of using different patterns of modification combinations has great potential for the rational design of oligonucleotide structures with desired predefined properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Current Landscape of Nucleic-Acid-Based Drugs)
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14 pages, 4788 KiB  
Article
DNA Origami Disguises Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Particles and Controls Their Virulence
by Raina M. Borum, Avery E. Lin, Xiangyi Dong, Mingxuan Kai and Yi Chen
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7162; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217162 - 23 Oct 2022
Viewed by 2363
Abstract
DNA nanostructures are well-established vectors for packaging diversified payloads for targeted cellular delivery. Here, DNA origami rectangular sheets were combined with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) capsids to demonstrate surface coverage of the particle via electrostatic interactions. The optimized origami:HSV1 molar ratios led [...] Read more.
DNA nanostructures are well-established vectors for packaging diversified payloads for targeted cellular delivery. Here, DNA origami rectangular sheets were combined with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) capsids to demonstrate surface coverage of the particle via electrostatic interactions. The optimized origami:HSV1 molar ratios led to characteristic packaging geometries ranging from dispersed “HSV1 pockets” to agglomerated “HSV1 sleeves”. “Pockets” were disguised from cells in HeLa and B16F10 cells and were 44.2% less infective than naked HSV1 particles. However, the pockets were 117% more infective than naked HSV1 particles when the origami sheets were coated with folic acid. We observed infectivity from naked origami, but they are 99.1% less infective with respect to HSV1 and 99.6% less infective with respect to the pocket complexes. This work suggests that DNA origami can selectively modulate virus infectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Current Landscape of Nucleic-Acid-Based Drugs)
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Review

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18 pages, 3614 KiB  
Review
DNA-Guided Metallization of Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications
by Ke Li, Yanfei Liu, Beibei Lou, Yifu Tan, Liwei Chen and Zhenbao Liu
Molecules 2023, 28(9), 3922; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093922 - 6 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2430
Abstract
Precise control of the structure of metallic nanomaterials is critical for the advancement of nanobiotechnology. As DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) can readily modify various moieties, such as sulfhydryl, carboxyl, and amino groups, using DNA as a directing ligand to modulate the morphology of nanomaterials [...] Read more.
Precise control of the structure of metallic nanomaterials is critical for the advancement of nanobiotechnology. As DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) can readily modify various moieties, such as sulfhydryl, carboxyl, and amino groups, using DNA as a directing ligand to modulate the morphology of nanomaterials is a promising strategy. In this review, we focus on the use of DNA as a template to control the morphology of metallic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications, discuss the use of DNA for the metallization of gold and silver, explore the factors that influence the process, and outline its biomedical applications. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the DNA-guided growth of nanomaterials. The challenges and future directions are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Current Landscape of Nucleic-Acid-Based Drugs)
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