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Carbon-Based Materials for Sustainable Chemistry: 2nd Edition
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Carbon-Based Materials for Sustainable Chemistry: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 4244

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dipendu Saha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA
Interests: nanoporous materials; porous carbons; photocatalysis; plasmonic systems; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Porous carbon materials have versatile applications in the modern world. Different varieties of carbon exist, including activated carbon, nanocarbon, soft and hard templated mesoporous carbon, carbon fibers, or biochar. Among the applications of carbon-based materials, this Special Issue of Molecules invites papers that specifically target the application of carbon-based materials toward sustainability. These applications include, but are not limited to, carbon capture, air purification, water purification, trace contaminant removal, and the sensing and removal of chemical warfare agents. The synthesis of carbon-based materials using a sustainable approach also falls under this category. 

Dr. Dipendu Saha
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • carbon-based materials
  • carbon nanostructures
  • adsorption
  • sustainability

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 6813 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial and Anticorrosive Hydrogel Coating Based on Complementary Functions of Sodium Alginate and g-C3N4
by Zishuai Hu, Baochen Han, Jianhui Li, Dan Liu and Jian Qi
Molecules 2024, 29(17), 4192; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174192 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 716
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) has emerged as a promising photocatalytic material due to its inherent stability, antibacterial properties, and eco-friendliness. However, its tendency to aggregate and limited dispersion hinder its efficacy in practical antibacterial applications. To address these [...] Read more.
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) has emerged as a promising photocatalytic material due to its inherent stability, antibacterial properties, and eco-friendliness. However, its tendency to aggregate and limited dispersion hinder its efficacy in practical antibacterial applications. To address these limitations, this study focuses on developing a composite hydrogel coating, in which sodium alginate (SA) molecules interact electrostatically and through hydrogen bonding to anchor CN, thereby significantly improving its dispersion. The optimal CN loading of 35% results in a hydrogel with a tensile strength of 120 MPa and an antibacterial rate of 99.87% within 6 h. The enhanced mechanical properties are attributed to hydrogen bonding between the -NH2 groups of CN and the -OH groups of SA, while the -OH groups of SA facilitate the attraction of photogenerated holes from CN, promoting carrier transfer and separation, thereby strengthening the antibacterial action. Moreover, the hydrogel coating exhibits excellent antibacterial and corrosion resistance capabilities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa on 316L stainless steel (316L SS), laying the foundation for advanced antimicrobial and anticorrosion hydrogel systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials for Sustainable Chemistry: 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 4208 KiB  
Article
Cashew Nut Shell Waste Derived Graphene Oxide
by Alvaro Arrieta, Yamid E. Nuñez de la Rosa and Samuel Pestana
Molecules 2024, 29(17), 4168; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174168 - 3 Sep 2024
Viewed by 521
Abstract
The particular properties of graphene oxide (GO) make it a material with great technological potential, so it is of great interest to find renewable and eco-friendly sources to satisfy its future demand sustainably. Recently, agricultural waste has been identified as a potential raw [...] Read more.
The particular properties of graphene oxide (GO) make it a material with great technological potential, so it is of great interest to find renewable and eco-friendly sources to satisfy its future demand sustainably. Recently, agricultural waste has been identified as a potential raw material source for producing carbonaceous materials. This study explores the potential of cashew nut shell (CNS), a typically discarded by-product, as a renewable source for graphene oxide synthesis. Initially, deoiled cashew nut shells (DCNS) were submitted to pyrolysis to produce a carbonaceous material (Py-DCNS), with process optimization conducted through response surface methodology. Optimal conditions were identified as a pyrolysis temperature of 950 °C and a time of 1.8 h, yielding 29.09% Py-DCNS with an estimated purity of 82.55%, which increased to 91.9% post-washing. Using a modified Hummers method, the Py-DCNS was subsequently transformed into graphene oxide (GO-DCNS). Structural and functional analyses were carried out using FTIR spectroscopy, revealing the successful generation of GO-DCNS with characteristic oxygen-containing functional groups. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of defects and layer separations in GO-DCNS compared to Py-DCNS, indicative of effective oxidation. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated distinct thermal decomposition stages for GO-DCNS, aligning with the expected behavior for graphene oxide. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) further corroborated the morphological and compositional transformation from DCNS to GO-DCNS, showcasing reduced particle size, increased porosity, and significant oxygen functional groups. The results underscore the viability of cashew nut shells as a sustainable precursor for graphene oxide production, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods. This innovative approach addresses the waste management issue associated with cashew nut shells and contributes to developing high-value carbon materials with broad technological applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials for Sustainable Chemistry: 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 4159 KiB  
Article
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Waste-Derived High-Nitrogen Self-Doped Porous Carbons as Efficient Adsorbents for Methylene Blue
by Yuhong Zhao, Qi Zhang, Zhuhua Gong, Wenlin Zhang, Yun Ren, Qiang Li, Hongjia Lu, Qinhong Liao, Zexiong Chen and Jianmin Tang
Molecules 2024, 29(8), 1809; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081809 - 16 Apr 2024
Viewed by 735
Abstract
In this study, we prepared high-nitrogen self-doped porous carbons (NPC1 and NPC2) derived from the pruned branches and seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum using a simple one-step method. NPC1 and NPC2 exhibited elevated nitrogen contents of 3.56% and 4.22%, respectively, along with rich porous [...] Read more.
In this study, we prepared high-nitrogen self-doped porous carbons (NPC1 and NPC2) derived from the pruned branches and seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum using a simple one-step method. NPC1 and NPC2 exhibited elevated nitrogen contents of 3.56% and 4.22%, respectively, along with rich porous structures, high specific surface areas of 1492.9 and 1712.7 m2 g−1 and abundant surface groups. Notably, both NPC1 and NPC2 demonstrated remarkable adsorption abilities for the pollutant methylene blue (MB), with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 568.18 and 581.40 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the adsorption isotherms conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption mechanism primarily relied on the hierarchical pore structures of NPC1 and NPC2 and their diverse strong interactions with MB molecules. This study offers a new approach for the cost-effective design of nitrogen self-doped porous carbons, facilitating the efficient removal of MB from wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials for Sustainable Chemistry: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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31 pages, 8699 KiB  
Review
A Review of Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Key Materials, Sodium-Storage Mechanisms, Applications, and Large-Scale Design Principles
by Qixing Jia, Zeyuan Li, Hulong Ruan, Dawei Luo, Junjun Wang, Zhiyu Ding and Lina Chen
Molecules 2024, 29(18), 4331; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184331 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1717
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been proposed as a potential substitute for commercial lithium-ion batteries due to their excellent storage performance and cost-effectiveness. However, due to the substantial radius of sodium ions, there is an urgent need to develop anode materials with exemplary electrochemical [...] Read more.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been proposed as a potential substitute for commercial lithium-ion batteries due to their excellent storage performance and cost-effectiveness. However, due to the substantial radius of sodium ions, there is an urgent need to develop anode materials with exemplary electrochemical characteristics, thereby enabling the fabrication of sodium-ion batteries with high energy density and rapid dynamics. Carbon materials are highly valued in the energy-storage field due to their diverse structures, low cost, and high reliability. This review comprehensively summarizes the typical structure; energy-storage mechanisms; and current development status of various carbon-based anode materials for SIBs, such as hard carbon, soft carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and porous carbon materials. This review also provides an overview of the current status and future development of related companies for sodium-ion batteries. Furthermore, it offers a summary and outlook on the challenges and opportunities associated with the design principles and large-scale production of carbon materials with high-energy-density requirements. This review offers an avenue for exploring outstanding improvement strategies for carbon materials, which can provide guidance for future application and research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials for Sustainable Chemistry: 2nd Edition)
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