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Molecules
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Research Progress of Lignocellulosic Biomass
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Research Progress of Lignocellulosic Biomass

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Macromolecular Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 7615

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yang Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Light Industry and Energy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
Interests: cellulose; functional materials; electrode; nanocellulose; optical materials
Prof. Dr. Xiaohui Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
Interests: the dissolution, modification and processing of biomass and biopolymers; functional materials derived from biomass; paper-based materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging wearable electronics have achieved significant advancements in a wide spectrum of applications, ranging from energy storage and conversion, health monitoring and human–machine interface to soft robots and virtual and augmented reality. State-of-the-art wearable electronics usually suffer from costly and complex fabrication procedures and the e-waste pollution caused by nonbiodegradable polymers. Therefore, there is growing demand to develop sustainable alternatives with desired features.

Biomass materials derived from natural resources, such as lignocellulose, are ideal building blocks for sustainable electronics because of their hierarchical pore structure, rich tunability of surface chemistry, and attractive properties (e.g., high strength, excellent flexibility, good thermal stability, renewability, and biodegradability). Recent designs of lignocellulose-biomass-based materials with suitable performance for specific electronics have received significant attention over the past decade, and great progress has been made in the field.

This Special Issue focuses on recent advancements in lignocellulosic-biomass-based flexible electronics, encompassing energy storage and conversion, batteries, and health monitoring. Contributions of both original articles and comprehensive reviews will cover the latest developments in material design, large-scale manufacturing, performance optimization, and device architecture and manufacturing processes.

Dr. Yang Yang
Prof. Dr. Xiaohui Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lignocellulosic biomass
  • flexible electronics
  • materials design
  • porous structure
  • large-scale

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 743 KiB  
Article
Sequential Extraction and Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring in the Biorefining of Brewer’s Spent Grain
by Ilary Belardi, Assunta Marrocchi, Vincenzo Alfeo, Valeria Sileoni, Giovanni De Francesco, Marco Paolantoni and Ombretta Marconi
Molecules 2023, 28(24), 7992; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28247992 - 7 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1196
Abstract
The brewing industry plays a significant role in producing a substantial annual volume of by-products, which contributes to the global accumulation of food waste. The primary by-product generated is brewer’s spent grain (BSG), a lignocellulosic biomass rich in proteins, fiber, and moisture content. [...] Read more.
The brewing industry plays a significant role in producing a substantial annual volume of by-products, which contributes to the global accumulation of food waste. The primary by-product generated is brewer’s spent grain (BSG), a lignocellulosic biomass rich in proteins, fiber, and moisture content. Leveraging biorefining and valorization techniques for BSG represents a promising strategy to enhance sustainability, resilience, and circularity within the brewing chain. To date, most studies have focused on extracting proteins from BSG. Yet, it is crucial to note that the fiber part of BSG also holds considerable potential for biorefining processes. This study introduces a novel sequential extraction method designed to integrally recover the major components of BSG. Notably, it introduces a reactive extraction approach that enables the simultaneous extraction and tuneable functionalization of the hemicellulose component. Additionally, the study assesses the utility of the attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as a user-friendly tool to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the fractionation process. This spectroscopic technique can provide valuable insights into the changes and composition of BSG throughout the extraction process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Lignocellulosic Biomass)
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14 pages, 9090 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Properties of Carbon Microspheres from Waste Office Paper
by Mannan Yang, Jian Su, Changqing Fang, Youliang Cheng, Yangyang Li, Yubo Yan and Wanqing Lei
Molecules 2023, 28(15), 5756; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155756 - 30 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1161
Abstract
As a kind of biomass resource, waste office paper can be used as a carbon precursor to prepare carbon materials. In this work, carbon microspheres with regular shape, uniform particle size and high carbon content were successfully prepared from waste office paper via [...] Read more.
As a kind of biomass resource, waste office paper can be used as a carbon precursor to prepare carbon materials. In this work, carbon microspheres with regular shape, uniform particle size and high carbon content were successfully prepared from waste office paper via a hydrothermal synthesis method with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature and sulfuric acid dosage on the morphology of the carbon microspheres were studied. The formation mechanism of the carbon microspheres was investigated by analyzing the structure and composition of the products. The results show that the hydrolysis of cellulose in waste paper under hydrothermal conditions was the key for the formation of carbon microspheres. The temperature of hydrothermal reaction and the use of sulfuric acid can affect the morphology of carbon microspheres. The carbon microspheres synthesized at 210 °C with 10 mL sulfuric acid have the best surface morphology, with uniform particle size and higher dispersion. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that the carbon microspheres have good capacitance performance and can be used in capacitors. This study provides a low-cost precursor for carbon microspheres as well as a new method for the recycle of waste paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Lignocellulosic Biomass)
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14 pages, 9701 KiB  
Article
Flexible Microstructured Capacitive Pressure Sensors Using Laser Engraving and Graphitization from Natural Wood
by Chenkai Qu, Meilan Lu, Ziyan Zhang, Shangbi Chen, Dewen Liu, Dawei Zhang, Jing Wang and Bin Sheng
Molecules 2023, 28(14), 5339; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145339 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1420
Abstract
In recent years, laser engraving has received widespread attention as a convenient, efficient, and programmable method which has enabled high-quality porous graphene to be obtained from various precursors. Laser engraving is often used to fabricate the dielectric layer with a microstructure for capacitive [...] Read more.
In recent years, laser engraving has received widespread attention as a convenient, efficient, and programmable method which has enabled high-quality porous graphene to be obtained from various precursors. Laser engraving is often used to fabricate the dielectric layer with a microstructure for capacitive pressure sensors; however, the usual choice of electrodes remains poorly flexible metal electrodes, which greatly limit the overall flexibility of the sensors. In this work, we propose a flexible capacitive pressure sensor made entirely of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and laser-induced graphene (LIG) derived from wood. The capacitive pressure sensor consisted of a flexible LIG/TPU electrode (LTE), an LIG/TPU electrode with a microhole array, and a dielectric layer of TPU with microcone array molded from a laser-engraved hole array on wood, which provided high sensitivity (0.11 kPa−1), an ultrawide pressure detection range (20 Pa to 1.4 MPa), a fast response (~300 ms), and good stability (>4000 cycles, at 0–35 kPa). We believe that our research makes a significant contribution to the literature, because the easy availability of the materials derived from wood and the overall consistent flexibility meet the requirements of flexible electronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Lignocellulosic Biomass)
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11 pages, 3427 KiB  
Article
Highly Stretchable Composite Foams via Sustainable Utilization of Waste Tire Rubbers for Temperature-Dependent Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
by Jiajia Zheng, Mohammed Hanshe, Weiwei He, Tianyi Hang, Zhihui Li, Shaohua Jiang, Shiju E, Xiping Li and Yiming Chen
Molecules 2022, 27(24), 8971; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248971 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1398
Abstract
Recently, the sustainable utilization of waste resources has become a low-cost and effective strategy to design high-performance functional materials to solve the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem. Herein, the flexible and highly stretchable polyurethane (PU) composite foams assisted by one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [...] Read more.
Recently, the sustainable utilization of waste resources has become a low-cost and effective strategy to design high-performance functional materials to solve the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem. Herein, the flexible and highly stretchable polyurethane (PU) composite foams assisted by one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and zero-dimensional Fe3O4 were fabricated using waste tire rubbers (WTRs) as reinforcements during a simple self-foaming process. The collaborative introduction of conductive CNTs, magnetic Fe3O4, and WTRs with three-dimensional cross-linked structures enabled the construction of an efficient electronic transmission path and heterointerfaces inside the composite foam. The resulting composite foam possessed a desired minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −47.43 dB, and also exhibited superior mechanical properties with a tensile strength of >3 MPa and multiple tensile deformation recovery abilities. In addition, increasing the temperature could significantly improve the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the composite foam. This comprehensive composite foam derived from WTRs has shown a promising development potential for using waste materials to relieve electromagnetic pollution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Lignocellulosic Biomass)
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13 pages, 3104 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-Doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Cellulose Nanocrystals as a Sensor for the Detection of Rutin
by Tao Zhang, Qingxue Ji, Jiayi Song, Haiming Li, Xing Wang, Haiqiang Shi, Meihong Niu, Tingting Chu, Fengshan Zhang and Yanzhu Guo
Molecules 2022, 27(22), 8021; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228021 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1809
Abstract
The poor water solubility, large particle size, and low accessibility of cellulose, the most abundant bioresource, have restricted its generalization to carbon dots (CDs). Herein, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped fluorescent carbon dots (N, S-CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized using cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a [...] Read more.
The poor water solubility, large particle size, and low accessibility of cellulose, the most abundant bioresource, have restricted its generalization to carbon dots (CDs). Herein, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped fluorescent carbon dots (N, S-CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized using cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a carbon precursor, exhibiting a small particle size and excellent aqueous dispersion. Thiourea was selected as a nitrogen and sulfur dopant to introduce abundant fluorescent functional groups into N, S-CDs. The resulting N, S-CDs exhibited nanoscale size (6.2 nm), abundant functional groups, bright blue fluorescence, high quantum yield (QY = 27.4%), and high overall yield (16.2%). The excellent optical properties of N, S-CDs endowed it to potentially display a highly sensitive fluorescence “turn off” response to rutin. The fluorescence response for rutin allowed a wide linear range of 0–40 mg·L−1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 μM, which revealed the potential of N, S-CDs as a rapid and simple sensing platform for rutin detection. In addition, the sustainable and large-scale production of the N, S-CDs in this study paves the way for the successful high-value utilization of cellulose. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Lignocellulosic Biomass)
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