Editorial

98 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

by Antigoni Kotali

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 181-182; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010181 - 31 Jan 2005

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Iodine was discovered in 1811 by French chemist Bernard Courtois and it was named by J. L. Gay Lussac in 1813.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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215 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Annulated 2,2’-Bipyridine Analogues with Attached Cycloalkene and Piperidine Rings via Sequential Diels-Alder Reaction of 5,5’-bi-1,2,4-triazines

by D. Branowska

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 265-273; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010265 - 31 Dec 2005

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7706

Abstract

Synthesis of bisfunctionalized unsymmetrical 2,2’-bipyridines 8 or their sulfonyl derivatives 12a,b are described. They were prepared via the Diels-Alder reaction of 1-methyl-4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (6) with 3,3’-bis(methyl- sulfanyl)-5,5’-bi-1,2,4-triazine (1). The reaction leads to the single cycloaddition product 7 which undergoes Diels-Alder reaction with cyclic enamines [...] Read more.

Synthesis of bisfunctionalized unsymmetrical 2,2’-bipyridines 8 or their sulfonyl derivatives 12a,b are described. They were prepared via the Diels-Alder reaction of 1-methyl-4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (6) with 3,3’-bis(methyl- sulfanyl)-5,5’-bi-1,2,4-triazine (1). The reaction leads to the single cycloaddition product 7 which undergoes Diels-Alder reaction with cyclic enamines 2a,b to give unsymmetrical 2,2’-bipyridine derivatives 8, consisting of the two different heterocyclic units: cycloalkeno[c]pyridine and 2,6-naphthyridine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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191 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Asymmetric Synthesis of Double Bond Isomers of the Structure Proposed for Pyrinodemin A and Indication of Its Structural Revision

by Haruaki Ishiyama, Masashi Tsuda, Tadashi Endo and Jun’ichi Kobayashi

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 312-316; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010312 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 8455

Abstract

Asymmetric synthesis of double bond isomers ( )-2 (∆¹⁵’,¹⁶’) and ( )-3 (∆¹⁴’,¹⁵’) ofthe structure (1) (∆¹⁶’,¹⁷’) proposed for pyrinodemin A, a cytotoxic bis-pyridine alkaloidwith a unique cis-cyclopent[c]isoxazolidine moiety from a [...] Read more.

Asymmetric synthesis of double bond isomers ( )-2 (∆¹⁵’,¹⁶’) and ( )-3 (∆¹⁴’,¹⁵’) ofthe structure (1) (∆¹⁶’,¹⁷’) proposed for pyrinodemin A, a cytotoxic bis-pyridine alkaloidwith a unique cis-cyclopent[c]isoxazolidine moiety from a marine sponge, has beenaccomplished. Pyrinodemin A was indicated to be a 1:1 racemic mixture of 2 fromcomparison of C₁₈and chiral HPLC analysis for pyrinodemin A and the syntheticcompounds as well as ESIMS data of oxidative degradation products of pyrinodemin A. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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349 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Syntheses, Characterization and Study of the Use of Cobalt (II) Schiff–Base Complexes as Catalysts for the Oxidation of Styrene by Molecular Oxygen

by Ali Akbar Khandar, Kamellia Nejati and Zolfaghar Rezvani

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 302-311; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010302 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 12820

Abstract

Schiff-Base complexes of bis-5-phenylazosalicylaldehyde ethylenediimine and bis-5-phenylazosalicylaldehyde-O-phenylenediimine ligands with Co(II) (I and II) have been synthesized and characterized by their IR spectra and elemental analyses. These complexes catalyze the oxidation of styrene in the presence of dioxygen and excess pyridine. The effect of [...] Read more.

Schiff-Base complexes of bis-5-phenylazosalicylaldehyde ethylenediimine and bis-5-phenylazosalicylaldehyde-O-phenylenediimine ligands with Co(II) (I and II) have been synthesized and characterized by their IR spectra and elemental analyses. These complexes catalyze the oxidation of styrene in the presence of dioxygen and excess pyridine. The effect of the reaction conditions on the oxidation of styrene was studied by varying solvent, nature and amount of the catalyst and substrate. The catalytic behavior of the studied complexes was shown to be dependent on the conditions applied. In all reactions, acetophenone and 1- phenylethanol were the only observed products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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171 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Analogs of Amathamide A and Their Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity

by M. Ramírez-Osuna, D. Chávez, L. Hernández, E. Molins, R. Somanathan and G. Aguirre

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 295-301; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010295 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 9029

Abstract

Syntheses of three non-brominated analogs of amathamide A (1), a natural alkaloid isolated from the Tasmanian marine bryozoan Amathia wilsoni, are described. Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa, and Candida albicans was tested. Test results for amathamide A [...] Read more.

Syntheses of three non-brominated analogs of amathamide A (1), a natural alkaloid isolated from the Tasmanian marine bryozoan Amathia wilsoni, are described. Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa, and Candida albicans was tested. Test results for amathamide A (1) showed a weak activity against C. albicans and E. coli. The three non-natural analogs 2-4 proved to be inactive compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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188 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Electron Transfer Approach to the Preparation of Highly Functionalized Anthraquinones

by Abdelouahab Beziane, Thierry Terme and Patrice Vanelle

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 289-294; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010289 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 8040

Abstract

A series of highly functionalized quinones was prepared by an original reaction of 2,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,4-dimethoxyanthraquinone (6) with various nitronate anions under electron transfer reaction conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chemical and Photochemical Synthesis of Substituted Dihydro-thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinolin-6-ones and Tetrahydro-dithieno[2,3-b:2',3'-d]thieno[2'',3''c:2'',3''c’]diquinolin-6,14-dione

by Jelena Blažević Šafarik, Jasna Dogan Koružnjak and Grace Karminski-Zamola

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 279-288; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010279 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 8115

Abstract

Some new substituted dihydrothieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinolin-6-ones 9- 12 and tetrahydrodithieno[2,3-b: 2',3'-d]thieno[2'',3''-c:2'',3''-c’]diquinolin-6,14-dione (17) were prepared from the corresponding new anilides 5-8 and from the corresponding dianilide 15, respectively, by a multistep combination of chemical and photochemical reactions. All the prepared compounds are of particular interest because [...] Read more.

Some new substituted dihydrothieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinolin-6-ones 9- 12 and tetrahydrodithieno[2,3-b: 2',3'-d]thieno[2'',3''-c:2'',3''-c’]diquinolin-6,14-dione (17) were prepared from the corresponding new anilides 5-8 and from the corresponding dianilide 15, respectively, by a multistep combination of chemical and photochemical reactions. All the prepared compounds are of particular interest because they might serve as DNA intercalators in anticancer therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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177 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Direct Route to 6,6’-Disubstituted-2,2’-Bipyridines by Double Diels-Alder/retro Diels-Alder Reaction of 5,5’-bi-1,2,4-Triazines

by D. Branowska

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 274-278; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010274 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7678

Abstract

Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction of functionalized 5,5’-bi-1,2,4- triazines with bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene in boiling p-cymene leads to a range of 6,6’- disubstituted-2,2’-bipyridines in good yield. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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183 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of the Key Precursor of Hirsutellide A

by Yanjie Xu, Xuemin Duan, Meiling Li, Liqin Jiang, Guangle Zhao, Yi Meng and Ligong Chen

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 259-264; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010259 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 9632

Abstract

Hexadepsipeptide 2, the precursor of Hirsutellide A (1), was synthesized in an overall yield of 45% from N-Boc-Me-Gly via three coupling reactions using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl- uronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride (BOP-Cl), respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Methyl 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyranuronate

by Ján Hirsch, Vratislav Langer and Miroslav Koóš

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 251-258; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010251 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 8906

Abstract

A method for the preparation of methyl 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyranuronate andits single crystal X-ray structure determination are reported. The molecule adopts an almostideal ⁴C₁ (^OC₃) conformation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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200 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Substrate Dependence in Aqueous Diels-Alder Reactions of Cyclohexadiene Derivatives with 1,4-Benzoquinone

by Takeshi Sunakawa and Chiaki Kuroda

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 244-250; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010244 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 8105

Abstract

A reactivity difference based on the position of substituents on cyclohexa-1,3- diene was observed for the title reaction. The effect of water as solvent was more distinct for 1-methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexa-1,3-diene than for 2-methyl-5-isopropylcyclohexa- 1,3-diene or non-substituted cyclohexa-1,3-diene. The effect of NaCl (salting-out) and guanidium [...] Read more.

A reactivity difference based on the position of substituents on cyclohexa-1,3- diene was observed for the title reaction. The effect of water as solvent was more distinct for 1-methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexa-1,3-diene than for 2-methyl-5-isopropylcyclohexa- 1,3-diene or non-substituted cyclohexa-1,3-diene. The effect of NaCl (salting-out) and guanidium chloride (salting-in) was also large for 1-methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexa-1,3- diene. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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170 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pd-Catalyzed Carbonyl Insertion Coupling Reactions of a Hypervalent Iodoheterocycle with Alcohols and Amines

by Shengj-Jun Luo, Yong-Xiang Ma and Yong-Min Liang

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 238-243; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010238 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 9003

Abstract

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling carbonyl insertion reaction between 3,7-bis(N,N-dimethylamino)-10H-dibenz[b,e]iodinium iodide (1) and alcohols or amines 2 is described. Some new amides and esters 3 containing an active iodo functional group have been prepared in 65-91% yields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Survey on the Reactivity of Phenyliodonium Ylide of 2-Hydroxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone with Amino Compounds

by Konstantina Spagou, Elizabeth Malamidou-Xenikaki and Spyros Spyroudis

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 226-237; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010226 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 8351

Abstract

The phenyliodonium ylide of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone reacts with aminoesters, ureas, aminoalcohols and aminophenols in refluxing dichloromethane to afford good yields of indanedione 2-carboxamido compounds, that in solution exist in an enol-amide form. The same reactants in a copper-catalyzed reaction afford mainly the corresponding N-arylo [...] Read more.

The phenyliodonium ylide of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone reacts with aminoesters, ureas, aminoalcohols and aminophenols in refluxing dichloromethane to afford good yields of indanedione 2-carboxamido compounds, that in solution exist in an enol-amide form. The same reactants in a copper-catalyzed reaction afford mainly the corresponding N-arylo compounds. Arylhydrazines are mainly oxidized by the ylide and arylation occurs only in a low yield. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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209 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene in the Wittig-Ring Expansion Sequence for the Synthesis of β-Benzocyclo-alkenones from α-Benzocycloalkenones

by M. Justik and G. Koser

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 217-225; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010217 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 13791

Abstract

The conversion of α-benzocycloalkenones to homologous β-benzocyclo-alkenones containing six, seven and eight-membered rings is reported. This wasaccomplished via a Wittig olefination-oxidative rearrangement sequence using[hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]-benzene (HTIB) is the oxidant, that enables the synthesis ofregioisomeric pairs of methyl-substituted β-benzocycloalkenones. The incorporation ofcarbon-13 at C-1 of [...] Read more.

The conversion of α-benzocycloalkenones to homologous β-benzocyclo-alkenones containing six, seven and eight-membered rings is reported. This wasaccomplished via a Wittig olefination-oxidative rearrangement sequence using[hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]-benzene (HTIB) is the oxidant, that enables the synthesis ofregioisomeric pairs of methyl-substituted β-benzocycloalkenones. The incorporation ofcarbon-13 at C-1 of the β-tetralone nucleus was also demonstrated. The Wittig-HTIBapproach is a useful alternative to analogous sequences in which Tl(NO₃)₃·3H₂O or thePrevost combination (AgNO₃/I₂) are employed in the oxidation step. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oxidative Dearomatization of Phenols and Anilines via λ³- and λ⁵-Iodane-Mediated Phenylation and Oxygenation

by S. Quideau, L. Pouységu, A. Ozanne and J. Gagnepain

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 201-216; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010201 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 13217

Abstract

Treatment of 2-methylphenols with chloro(diphenyl)-λ³-iodane led to theirregioselective dearomatizing 2-phenylation into cyclohexa-2,4-dienone derivatives via aproposed ligand coupling reaction. In the same vein of investigation, treatment of2-methylanilines with the λ⁵-iodane 2-iodoxybenzoic acid IBX reagent led to theirregioselective dearomatization into previously undescribed ortho-quinol imines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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216 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Addition to Electron Deficient Olefins of α-Oxy Carbon- Centered Radicals, Generated from Cyclic Ethers and Acetals by the Reaction with Alkylperoxy- λ³-iodane

by T. Sueda, Y. Takeuchi, T. Suefuji and M. Ochiai

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 195-200; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010195 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 9263

Abstract

Thermal decomposition of 1-tert-butylperoxy-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one in cyclic ethers and acetals at 50 °C generates α-oxy carbon-centered radicals, which undergo an addition reaction with vinyl sulfones and unsaturated esters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Easy and Safe Preparations of (Diacetoxyiodo) arenes from Iodoarenes, with Urea-Hydrogen Peroxide Adduct (UHP) as the Oxidant and the Fully Interpreted ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR Spectra of the Products

by Agnieszka Zielinska and Lech Skulski

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 190-194; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010190 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 8561

Abstract

An easy and safe, though only moderately effective method is presented forpreparing (diacetoxyiodo)arenes, ArI(OAc)2, from iodoarenes, ArI, using thecommercially available and easily handled urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP) as theoxidant. The reactions take place in anhydrous AcOH/Ac2O/AcONa (a catalyst)mixtures, at 40 oC for 3.5 [...] Read more.

An easy and safe, though only moderately effective method is presented forpreparing (diacetoxyiodo)arenes, ArI(OAc)2, from iodoarenes, ArI, using thecommercially available and easily handled urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP) as theoxidant. The reactions take place in anhydrous AcOH/Ac2O/AcONa (a catalyst)mixtures, at 40 oC for 3.5 h to afford the purified ArI(OAc)2 in 37-78% yields. The fullyinterpreted ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectra of the ArI(OAc)2 products are reported. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stereoselective Synthesis of 5-7 membered Cyclic Ethers by Deiodonative Ring-Enlargement Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

by Tomohito Abo, Masanori Sawaguchi, Hisanori Senboku and Shoji Hara

Molecules 2005, 10(1), 183-189; https://doi.org/10.3390/10010183 - 31 Jan 2005

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 8697

Abstract

Stereoselective synthesis of 5-7 membered cyclic ethers was achieved by deiodonative ring-enlargement of cyclic ethers having an iodoalkyl substituent. The reaction took place readily under mild conditions using hypervalent iodine compounds and an acetoxy or a trifluoroacetoxy group was introduced into the rings [...] Read more.

Stereoselective synthesis of 5-7 membered cyclic ethers was achieved by deiodonative ring-enlargement of cyclic ethers having an iodoalkyl substituent. The reaction took place readily under mild conditions using hypervalent iodine compounds and an acetoxy or a trifluoroacetoxy group was introduced into the rings depending on the hypervalent iodine reagent employed. The use of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as solvent is critical. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypervalent Iodine)

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