Nutritional and Dietary Approaches in Type 1 Diabetes

Dear Colleagues,

By “Studying diabetes you will understand the Medicine”, I told a class of university medical students, specifically type 1 diabetes, when teaching a Pediatric Clinic course. Many questions remain concerning “Nutrition and type 1 diabetes” because, beyond the obvious question of “What is the best diet for type 1 diabetes?”, several points are still contentious. This Special Issue of Nutrients will feature contributions on the intriguing roles of the microbiome, macronutrients, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin D in nutrition for type 1 diabetes people. Nutrition possibly acts as an environmental factor at onset, modifies evolution and complicates diseases. Given that there is often a concomitant overweight, dyslipidemia, and limited physical activity in people with type 1 diabetes, accurate counseling and solutions through nutrition are expected. For all these problems, the most important “dogma” should be to limit the glycemic variability to set a favorable “metabolic memory” at the onset of type 1 diabetes and avoid lifelong dangerous hypo-hyperglycemias. Moreover, incretins are a promising therapeutic prospective for type 1 diabetes, and their relationship with microbiota and nutrition is a new chapter yet to be written. We must address the issue of costs in proposing dietary changes, as well as resources and environmental sustainability. Migrant populations in Western countries are experiencing rapid environmental and nutritional changes and must therefore be observed with particular attention because, in these populations, a nutritional component could play a greater role in the development of type 1 diabetes. These include the impact of the Westernized diet and food security, which may be investigated as a priority in type 1 diabetes to find novel directions. In conclusion, "Understand the nutrition and the diet in diabetes and will find benefits for many other too".

Finally, we are looking for feasible, manageable, practical solutions.

Dr. Francesco Cadario
Guest Editor

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• type 1 diabetes and nutrition
• diet
• microbiome
• macronutrients
• polyunsaturated fatty acids
• vitamin D
• honeymoon period
• overweight
• dyslipidemia
• physical activities
• glycemic variability
• migrants
• food security
• Westernized diet
• incretins