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Pathogens
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Cryptococcosis in Humans and Animals: One Health Approaches to Improved...
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Cryptococcosis in Humans and Animals: One Health Approaches to Improved Understanding of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 4786

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jane Sykes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Interests: infectious diseases of dogs and cats; coccidioidomycosis; cryptococcosis; leptospirosis; antimicrobial resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. George R. Thompson III

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Interests: medical mycology; coccidioidomycosis; cryptococcosis; antifungal drug resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue of Pathogens on cryptococcosis will highlight cutting-edge, One Health approaches that are extending our knowledge of this life-threatening disease in animals and humans. The issue will address

  • Current status of taxonomic revisions and novel species/molecular types
  • ways in which molecular approaches have improved understanding of ecologic niches, spatial epidemiology, and antifungal drug resistance among different molecular types
  • Impact of climate change and population growth on the epidemiology of cryptococcosis
  • Clinical manifestations in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife species
  • New insights regarding determinants of virulence and pathogenesis
  • Risk factors for infection and disease in humans and animals
  • understanding of immune responses to different species and strains of Cryptococcus
  • improvements in diagnostic testing, including point-of-care rapid assays and metagenomic approaches
  • advances in antifungal drug therapy and recommendations for antifungal drug testing, treatment and monitoring;
  • future directions that aid in prevention of this globally-important mycosis

Both original research and review articles are welcomed. In particular, articles that highlight how a One Health approach might improve understanding of cryptococcosis are encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Jane Sykes
Dr. George R. Thompson III
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gattii
  • neoformans
  • antifungal
  • immundeficiency
  • One Health

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1402 KiB  
Article
Cryptococcal Meningitis: Differences between Patients with and without HIV-Infection
by Chutithep Teekaput, Saowaluck Yasri and Romanee Chaiwarith
Pathogens 2023, 12(3), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030427 - 8 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1766
Abstract
Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most devastating infections, particularly in HIV-infected individuals. The increased use of immunosuppressants led to an increase in the incidence of cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected individuals. This study aimed to compare the characteristics between groups. Methods: This retrospective [...] Read more.
Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most devastating infections, particularly in HIV-infected individuals. The increased use of immunosuppressants led to an increase in the incidence of cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected individuals. This study aimed to compare the characteristics between groups. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2011 to 2021 in northern Thailand. Individuals diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis aged ≥15 years were enrolled onto the study. Results: Out of 147 patients, 101 were individuals infected with HIV and 46 were non-infected. Factors associated with being infected with HIV included age < 45 years (OR 8.70, 95% CI 1.78–42.62), white blood cells < 5000 cells/cu.mm. (OR 7.18, 95% CI 1.45–35.61), and presence of fungemia (OR 5.86, 95% CI 1.17–42.62). Overall, the mortality rate was 24% (18% in HIV-infected vs. 37% in HIV-uninfected individuals, p-value = 0.020). Factors associated with mortality included concurrent pneumocystis pneumonia (HR 5.44, 95% CI 1.55–19.15), presence of alteration of consciousness (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.42–6.10), infection caused by members of C. gattii species complex (HR 4.19, 95% CI 1.39–12.62), and anemia (HR 3.17, 95% CI 1.17–8.59). Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of cryptococcal meningitis differed between patients with and without HIV-infection in some aspects. Increasing awareness in physicians of this disease in HIV-uninfected individuals may prompt earlier diagnosis and timely treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cryptococcosis in Humans and Animals: One Health Approaches to Improved Understanding of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Review

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11 pages, 391 KiB  
Review
Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Phenotypically Normal Patients
by Pia M. Cumagun, Mary Katherine Moore, Todd P. McCarty, Gerald McGwin and Peter G. Pappas
Pathogens 2023, 12(11), 1303; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12111303 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1030
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection found worldwide that causes significant morbidity and mortality among a broad range of hosts. There are approximately 223,000 new cases of cryptococcosis annually throughout the world, and at least 180,000 deaths are attributed to this infection each [...] Read more.
Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection found worldwide that causes significant morbidity and mortality among a broad range of hosts. There are approximately 223,000 new cases of cryptococcosis annually throughout the world, and at least 180,000 deaths are attributed to this infection each year. Most of these are due to complications of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis among HIV-infected patients in resource-limited environments. The majority of individuals diagnosed with cryptococcosis have underlying conditions associated with immune dysfunction such as HIV, solid organ transplant, hematologic malignancy, organ failure syndromes, and/or the use of immunosuppressive agents such as glucocorticosteroids and biologic agents. In most clinical series, there is a small proportion of patients with cryptococcosis who are phenotypically normal; that is, they have no clinically obvious predisposition to disease. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CME) presentation and management differ substantially between these normal individuals and their immunocompromised counterparts. In this review, we will focus on CME in the phenotypically normal host and underscore differences in the clinical presentation, management, outcome, and potential risk factors for these patients compared to immunocompromised persons who develop this potential devastating invasive fungal infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cryptococcosis in Humans and Animals: One Health Approaches to Improved Understanding of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Other

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4 pages, 1471 KiB  
Case Report
Entrapment Syndrome in a Kidney Transplant Recipient with Cryptococcal Meningitis
by Laya Reddy, George R. Thompson III, Alan Koff and Stuart H. Cohen
Pathogens 2023, 12(5), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050711 - 13 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1476
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and the central nervous system (CNS) is the most common site of dissemination. Entrapped temporal horn syndrome (ETH) remains a rare CNS manifestation and has not previously been described in solid organ transplant recipients. Here, we present [...] Read more.
Cryptococcus neoformans primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and the central nervous system (CNS) is the most common site of dissemination. Entrapped temporal horn syndrome (ETH) remains a rare CNS manifestation and has not previously been described in solid organ transplant recipients. Here, we present a case of ETH in a 55-year-old woman with history of renal transplant and prior treated Cryptococcal meningitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cryptococcosis in Humans and Animals: One Health Approaches to Improved Understanding of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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