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Pathogens
Special Issues
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Neonates and Infants
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Host-Pathogen Interactions in Neonates and Infants

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 1356

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chiara Minotti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University Children's Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
Interests: antimicrobial stewardship; antibiotics; neonatal intensive care; sepsis; antimicrobial resistance
Dr. Daniele Donà

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
Interests: pediatric infectious disease; antibiotic stewardship; neonatal and pediatric infections; pharmacokinetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elisa Barbieri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University-Hospital of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padua, Italy
Interests: pharmacoepidemiology; antimicrobial stewardship; vaccines; health policy intervention; primary care; real-world data
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As a consequence of an immature immune system, the burden of infections over the first months of life is considerable. Infections are a frequent and important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates and infants. The timing of exposure, inoculum size, immune status, and virulence of the infectious agent influence the manifestations of the disease. Moreover, with advances in neonatal intensive care, increasingly preterm newborns are surviving, being at higher risk for nosocomial infection. However, "infection" is not equal to "infectious disease," as the host response to the infection contributes to disease severity. Newborns and infants have greater pro-inflammatory responses as compared to adults. Clinical susceptibility to disease, disease tolerance, and host immune response, with a hyperactive innate immunity, represent important factors that counterbalance the host–pathogen interaction over the neonatal period and infancy.

This Special Issue addresses reviews or original articles focusing on the “higher” risk for host immune-mediated pathology in this special population, including description/studies of congenital and acquired infections, immunology considerations, sepsis/serious infection host response, and antimicrobial treatment in neonates and infants. 

Dr. Chiara Minotti
Dr. Daniele Donà
Dr. Elisa Barbieri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotics
  • neonatal intensive care
  • sepsis
  • invasive infection
  • congenital infection
  • antimicrobial resistance

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 494 KiB  
Article
Staphylococcus capitis Central-Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center, Four-Year Experience in Central-Line Management during Sepsis Treatment
by Anna Sala, Valentina Pivetti, Alessandra Vittorini, Claudia Viggiano, Francesca Castoldi, Valentina Fabiano, Gianluca Lista and Francesco Cavigioli
Pathogens 2024, 13(3), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030234 - 7 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1071
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are reportedly responsible for 50–60% of bloodstream infections in very preterm (<1500 g) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Staphylococcus capitis is an increasingly prevalent pathogen in the neonatal setting, frequently causing central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) that can be [...] Read more.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are reportedly responsible for 50–60% of bloodstream infections in very preterm (<1500 g) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Staphylococcus capitis is an increasingly prevalent pathogen in the neonatal setting, frequently causing central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) that can be difficult to eradicate. Central venous catheter (CVC) removal versus in situ treatment with CoNS CLABSIs is a controversial treatment strategy with no clear consensus. We reviewed all S. capitis CLABSIs in our NICU between 2019 and 2022, focusing on the role of catheter removal in eradication. Among the 25 patients, 17 CVCs were removed after diagnosis, leading to a 76.5% eradication rate in this group. Three infants had a persistently positive blood culture after CVC substitution. A new catheter was then inserted after a 48 h washout period, resulting in resolution of the infection. Only two of the eight patients (25%) who retained their catheter after diagnosis achieved infection eradication with antibiotic therapy alone. When feasible, catheter removal seems to be the most effective strategy for eradicating S. capitis CLABSIs, sometimes even requiring a 48 h washout period before reinsertion. Further studies on this topic are needed to better standardize the management of this type of infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Pathogen Interactions in Neonates and Infants)
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