Diagnostics of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 812

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Interests: development and validation of diagnostic tools for the detection of animal and human pathogens; point-of-care testing; host–pathogen interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

From the Black Death epidemic in the 14th century to the most recent COVID-19 and the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (HPAI), emerging and re-emerging pathogens have continued to intrigue the scientific community for centuries. It is interesting to note that more than 70% of emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases are of zoonotic nature. Zoonoses and reverse zoonoses play a significant role in the transmission of many diseases between humans and animals. Several factors, including changes in human behavior, habitat and environment, have accelerated the emergence and re-emergence of pathogens in recent decades. In addition to SARS-CoV-2 and HPAI, Monkeypox, Nipah, Hendra and other viruses, multidrug-resistant bacteria, invasive fungi and parasites are constantly threatening the health and well-being of animals and humans. Recent advances in diagnostic technologies, methodologies and devices have enhanced the early and rapid detection of pathogens, which helps in controlling the spread of pathogens early on, reducing the impact of diseases and taking preventive measures. Diagnostic tools such as RT-PCR, next-generation sequencing, isothermal platforms, CRISPR, microfluidics-based assays, spectroscopy and enhanced immunoassays are frequently used for the diagnosis of emerging and existing diseases. There is an ever-increasing need for better diagnostics for the early, rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnosis of emerging and re-emerging diseases.

This Special Issue will focus on the diagnostics of emerging and re-emerging pathogens.

Dr. Binu T. Velayudhan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • emerging disease
  • zoonoses
  • diagnostics
  • POCT
  • viruses
  • bacteria
  • sequencing
  • immunoassays

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 233 KiB  
Communication
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Phleboviruses and Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus among Blood Donors in Central Tunisia
by Rym Ayari, Houda Chaouch, Stephen Findlay-Wilson, Wissem Hachfi, Nadia Ben Lasfar, Foued Bellazreg, Stuart Dowall, Neila Hannachi and Amel Letaief
Pathogens 2024, 13(4), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13040348 - 22 Apr 2024
Viewed by 547
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of six viruses, from two families of the order Bunyavirales, in the general population of central Tunisia. Sera collected from 377 asymptomatic blood donors were serologically assayed for Rift Valley fever virus [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of six viruses, from two families of the order Bunyavirales, in the general population of central Tunisia. Sera collected from 377 asymptomatic blood donors were serologically assayed for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), and four sandfly-borne phleboviruses: Toscana virus (TOSV), sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV), sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), and sandfly fever Cyprus virus (SFCV). Of the 377 subjects enrolled in this study, 17.3% were IgG positive for at least one of the viruses tested. The most frequently detected antibodies were against TOSV (13.3%), followed by SFCV (2.9%), RVFV (1.9%), SFSV (1.3%), and SFNV (1.1%). Only one sample was IgG positive for CCHFV. Dual reactivity was observed in nine cases: SFSV + SFCV in three cases (0.8%) and TOSV + SFNV, TOSV + SFCV, and TOSV + RVFV in two cases (0.5%) each. 15.9% of donors were IgG positive against sandfly-borne phleboviruses. Among the 65 donors IgG positive for phleboviruses, 50.8% were from rural areas compared to 12.3% from urban areas (p < 0.001); 92.3% had animals in their living quarters (p = 0.009); and 70.8% lived in the vicinity of stagnant water (p = 0.062). Seroprevalence was significantly higher among donors living with chronic diseases (p = 0.039). Furthermore, the seroprevalence of phleboviruses was higher in Kairouan, the central governorate, than in the two coastal governorates: Monastir and Sousse, with 33.4%, 24.2%, and 14.9%, respectively. The presence of antibodies in the general population needs further investigation to better assess the extent of these viruses. Only TOSV was known to have an extensive circulation in Tunisia and in North Africa. Continued surveillance and interventions are necessary to detect the emergence of all arboviruses and to prevent further transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostics of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens)
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