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Pathogens
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Molecular Epidemiology of Zoonotic Pathogens
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Molecular Epidemiology of Zoonotic Pathogens

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 7917

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Helio Langoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 18168-681, Brazil
Interests: mastitis; mycoplasma; toxoplasmosis; leptospirosis; rabies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “Molecular Epidemiology of Zoonotic Pathogens”, intends to publish articles related to different pathogens that have a zoonotic character and that involve diagnostic aspects including molecular tools, which are relevant to public health and one health. Outstanding researchers with celebrated scientific contributions from around the world will be invited to submit papers related to the topic. Considering global environmental changes, and the proximity of wild animals to humans, many zoonoses are evident. Wild animals can carry zoonotic pathogens and transmit several diseases. Regarding this topic, I am grateful to have been invited to contribute to Pathogens as a guest editor.

After authors have accepted their invitation to publish, according to the Guest Editor's recommendations from a wide list of researchers in the field of zoonoses with a focus on the molecular epidemiology of zoonotic pathogens, the articles for submission to the journal’s editorial board will be defined. The main objective is the publication of current issues concerning the molecular epidemiology of zoonotic pathogens. The purpose of editing this volume is the dissemination of current research results that are relevant to public health and one health. This volume will be of great importance to researchers and students in the field, as it collates up-to-date information on the zoonoses addressed.

Prof. Dr. Helio Langoni
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • one health
  • zoonoses
  • pathogens
  • parasites
  • viruses
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • molecular epidemilogy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 969 KiB  
Article
Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Blood Samples of Domestic Livestock in the Republic of Korea
by Min-Jeong Ji, Hyung-Chul Cho, Yu-Jin Park, Dong-Hun Jang, Jinho Park and Kyoung-Seong Choi
Pathogens 2023, 12(4), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040547 - 1 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1708
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, a major zoonotic pathogen distributed worldwide, causes severe infections in humans, animals, and birds. However, limited information is available regarding T. gondii infection in livestock in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Herein, we determined the prevalence of T. gondii infection [...] Read more.
Toxoplasma gondii, a major zoonotic pathogen distributed worldwide, causes severe infections in humans, animals, and birds. However, limited information is available regarding T. gondii infection in livestock in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Herein, we determined the prevalence of T. gondii infection in livestock in the ROK and identified animal species that can potentially transmit T. gondii to humans. B1 gene-targeting nested polymerase chain reaction detected T. gondii DNA in 3.3% (2/61), 2.9% (3/105), 14.1% (11/78), and 15.4% (14/91) of dairy cattle, beef cattle, Boer goats, and Korean native goats, respectively. The prevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher (p = 0.002) in goats than in cattle. The risk of contracting T. gondii infection was significantly higher by 6.18-fold in Korean native goats (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72–22.27%, p = 0.005) and by 5.58-fold in Boer goats (95% CI: 1.50–20.76%, p = 0.010) than in beef cattle. Our T. gondii DNA sequences exhibited 97.1–100% homology with those obtained from various hosts in other countries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report T. gondii infection using the blood samples of domestic ruminants in the ROK. The results revealed that the prevalence of T. gondii infection is higher in goats than in cattle as determined by molecular detection. Thus, these findings suggest that T. gondii can be transmitted from ruminants to humans via meat consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Zoonotic Pathogens)
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15 pages, 2564 KiB  
Article
Molecular Characterization of Leishmania Species among Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
by Yasser Alraey, Rasha Alhweti, Hatim Almutairi, Abdulrahman Abdullah Al-Qahtani, Mohammed Ibrahim Alshahrani, Mohammed Hussin Asiri, Abdulrhman Mousa Alhammas, Saeed Jubran Alwagdi, Abdulaziz Alshahrani, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Aymen M. Madkhali, Waleed S. Al-Salem, Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani, Ahmed Saif, Sami Ben Hadj Ahmed and Elyes Zhioua
Pathogens 2022, 11(12), 1472; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121472 - 5 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1844
Abstract
Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniais (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major, respectively, are endemic vector-borne diseases in southern Saudi Arabia. In 2021, an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred in the province of Asir. The main objective of [...] Read more.
Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniais (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major, respectively, are endemic vector-borne diseases in southern Saudi Arabia. In 2021, an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred in the province of Asir. The main objective of our investigation was to analyze the epidemiological features of CL in southern Saudi Arabia. The ministry of health recorded 194 CL patients between January and December 2021 from the Asir province. Our findings showed that the majority of CL patients (87.1%) originated from the governorates of Khamis-Mushait and Abha. Most of the patients were males (62.3%). While CL affected all age groups, those under 13 years old were the most affected (38.1%). For both genders, CL patients were mostly Saudi citizens (90.7%) compared to non-Saudi expatriates. The majority of CL patients (75.2%) suffered from a single lesion, and the majority of lesions (61.3%) were located on the face. The seasonal prevalence of CL showed two peaks, a small one in July–August and a larger one in March. Of a total of 194 Giemsa slides samples, 188 showed positive amplification of Leishmania ITS1 gene. Based on PCR-RFLP and PCR-HMR, 183 patients showed positive amplification of L. tropica and five patients showed positive amplification of L. major. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear distinct separation between L. major and L. tropica sequences. Our results provided strong evidence of the pre-domination of L. tropica, the main etiological agent of ACL in Asir province. We reported for the first time the presence of L. major, an etiological agent of ZCL in the study areas. The co-circulation of ACL and ZCL highlighted the complexity of the epidemiology of CL in southern Saudi Arabia, and subsequently, further studies to identify competent vectors and reservoir hosts for the establishment of control strategies are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Zoonotic Pathogens)
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12 pages, 1546 KiB  
Article
Diverse Genotypes of Cryptosporidium in Sheep in California, USA
by Xunde Li, Tamara Vodovoza and Edward R. Atwill
Pathogens 2022, 11(9), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091023 - 8 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1432
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. is a parasite that can infect a wide variety of vertebrate species. The parasite has been detected in sheep worldwide with diverse species and genotypes of various levels of zoonotic potential and public health concern. The purpose of this study was [...] Read more.
Cryptosporidium spp. is a parasite that can infect a wide variety of vertebrate species. The parasite has been detected in sheep worldwide with diverse species and genotypes of various levels of zoonotic potential and public health concern. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of genotypes of Cryptosporidium in sheep in California, USA. Microscopic positive samples from individual sheep from central and northern California ranches were genotyped by sequencing a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene and BLAST analysis. Eighty-eight (63.8%) of the microscopic positive samples were genotyped, and multiple genotypes of Cryptosporidium were identified from sheep in the enrolled ranches. Approximately 89% of isolates (n = 78) were C. xiaoi or C. bovis, 10% of isolates (n = 9) were C. ubiquitum, and 1% of isolates (n = 1) were C. parvum. The C. parvum and C. ubiquitum isolates were detected only from lambs and limited to four farms. Given that the majority of Cryptosporidium species (i.e., C. xiaoi and C. bovis) were of minor zoonotic concern, the results of this study suggest that sheep are not a reservoir of major zoonotic Cryptosporidium in California ranches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Zoonotic Pathogens)
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10 pages, 9590 KiB  
Article
Geographic Distribution of Common Vampire Bat Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) Shelters: Implications for the Spread of Rabies Virus to Cattle in Southeastern Brazil
by Karine B. Mantovan, Benedito D. Menozzi, Lais M. Paiz, Anaiá P. Sevá, Paulo E. Brandão and Helio Langoni
Pathogens 2022, 11(8), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080942 - 19 Aug 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2197
Abstract
Desmodus rotundus bats show a complex social structure and developed adaptive characteristics, considered key features of a pathogen disseminator, such as the rabies virus, among bats and other mammals, including cattle and humans. Our aim was to understand the correlation between the environment [...] Read more.
Desmodus rotundus bats show a complex social structure and developed adaptive characteristics, considered key features of a pathogen disseminator, such as the rabies virus, among bats and other mammals, including cattle and humans. Our aim was to understand the correlation between the environment and the ecological features of these bats in bovine rabies outbreaks. Geostatistical analyses were performed, covering 104 cattle positives for rabies, between 2016 and 2018, in 25 municipalities, in addition to the characteristics of D. rotundus colonies mapped during this period in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from the shelters showed that 86.15% were artificial, mainly abandoned houses (36.10%) and manholes (23.87%), in addition to demonstrating a correlation between these shelters and a higher concentration of bovine rabies cases. Due to their adaptive capacity, these bats choose shelters close to the food source, such as livestock. In Brazil, D. rotundus is the main transmitter of rabies and the cause of outbreaks in cattle and deaths in humans, considering the advance of humans in previously preserved ecosystems. There seems to be a correlation between the impact of anthropic changes on the environment, mainly for the expansion of pasture for cattle and the outbreaks of bovine rabies in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Zoonotic Pathogens)
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