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Pathogens
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Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Emergent Pathogens
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Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Emergent Pathogens

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 7998

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gabriela Jorge Da Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; molecular epidemiology; horizontal gene transfer; Acinetobacter; virulence factors; E. coli; Salmonella; microbiota
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sara Domingues

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; molecular epidemiology; horizontal gene transfer; Acinetobacter; virulence factors; E. coli; Salmonella; microbiota
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, sociodemographic, environmental, and human activity changes have led to an increase of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and virulent strains. Even bacteria which did not cause infections in the past are now emerging as novel pathogens whose virulence is still under research.

The wide dissemination of resistance by clonal expansion and horizontal gene transfer events leads to a lack of antimicrobial therapeutic options. Additionally, virulence traits can also be transmitted among bacteria, contributing to the resistance against host defenses and/or, in some cases, to antimicrobial resistance.

This Special Issue is dedicated to the “Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Emergent Pathogens” and will be focused on the interrelationship of virulence and antimicrobial-resistant features of specific bacteria, and in emerging pathogens due to their resistance phenotypes or in studies of novel emergent pathogens. Emergent pathogens can be zoonotic or of human origin, and manuscripts covering molecular characterization of virulence and/or resistance mechanisms, horizontal gene transfer studies, molecular epidemiology, in vitro and in vivo studies of virulence, and new or improved methodologies to detect virulence and/or resistance mechanisms, for example, next-generation sequencing, will be welcome. Manuscripts can be original research papers, reviews, short notes or commentaries.

Prof. Dr. Gabriela Jorge Da Silva
Prof. Dr. Sara Domingues
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Emergent Pathogens
  • virulence
  • antimicrobial-resistant
  • resistance phenotypes
  • zoonotic
  • human origin
  • next-generation sequencing
  • horizontal gene transfer
  • molecular epidemiology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2324 KiB  
Article
A Three-Year Look at the Phylogenetic Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Virulence Genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
by Lorina I. Badger-Emeka, Naheed Kausar, Edric Estrella and Glenda Belgira Angeles
Pathogens 2022, 11(6), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060631 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1692
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections, resulting in about 150 million reported annual cases. With multidrug resistance on the rise and the need for global and region surveillance, this investigation looks at the UPEC isolates collected for [...] Read more.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections, resulting in about 150 million reported annual cases. With multidrug resistance on the rise and the need for global and region surveillance, this investigation looks at the UPEC isolates collected for a 3-year period, with a view of ascertaining their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated virulence determinants. The identification of bacteria isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production was determined with a Vitek 2 Compact Automated System (BioMerieux, Marcy L’Etoile, France). ESBLs were confirmed by the combined disc test (CDT) and basic biochemical test. The isolates were distributed into A (11%), B1 (6%), B2 (62.4%), and D (20.6%). Resistance to the penicillin group was high, between 88% and 100%. Additionally, resistance was high to cephalosporins (100%) in 2017 and 2018. The isolates were all sensitive to tigecycline, while resistance against imipenem and meropenem was low, at 4–12% in 2017 and 2018 and 0% in 2019. The results also showed that ESBL isolates were seen in 2017 and 2018. They were confirmed positive to CTX/CLA (88.5%) and CAZ/CLA (85%). By 2019, the number of resistant isolates reduced, showing only 4% ESBL isolates. Two virulence genes, fimH (46%) and papE/F (15%), were detected among the isolates by PCR. In conclusion, this study found that phylogroups B2 and D carried the most virulence genes as well as MDR and ESBL characteristics, suggesting the UPEC strains to be extraintestinal pathogens responsible for UTIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Emergent Pathogens)
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12 pages, 1502 KiB  
Article
Virulence Profiles and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Strains from Pet Reptiles
by Marta Dec, Dagmara Stepien-Pysniak, Klaudiusz Szczepaniak, Barbara Turchi and Renata Urban-Chmiel
Pathogens 2022, 11(2), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020127 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2645
Abstract
Exotic reptiles are increasingly being bred as pets in many countries around the world, including Poland. However, the close contact between reptiles and their owners provides favourable conditions for the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. In this work, we examined E. coli isolates from [...] Read more.
Exotic reptiles are increasingly being bred as pets in many countries around the world, including Poland. However, the close contact between reptiles and their owners provides favourable conditions for the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. In this work, we examined E. coli isolates from 67 captive reptiles regarding their virulence, antibiotic susceptibility, phylogenetic affiliation, and genetic diversity. The incidence of E. coli was highest in snakes (51.6%, 16 isolates/31 samples), and slightly lower in turtles (44.4%, 8/18) and lizards (44.4%, 8/18). Genes encoding virulence factors were confirmed in 50% of isolates and the most common were the traT (37.5%, n = 12), fyuA (21.87%, n = 7), and irp-2 (15.62%, n = 5). The majority (71.87%, n = 23) of E. coli isolates were susceptible to all of the antimicrobial substances used in the study. Streptomycin resistance (21.87%, n = 7) was the most frequent, while resistance to other antimicrobial substances was sporadic. One strain (3.12%) was classified as multidrug-resistant. The presence of resistance genes (aadA, tetA, tetB, tetM, and blaTEM) was confirmed in 12.5% (n = 4) of the isolates. The majority (65.6%, n = 21) of E. coli isolates represented the B1 phylogenetic group. (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting showed considerable genetic variation in the pool of tested isolates. The frequency of E. coli in reptiles is much lower than in mammals or birds. Due to the presence of virulence genes, characteristic of both intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), reptilian strains of E. coli have pathogenic potential, and therefore people in contact with these animals should follow good hygiene practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Emergent Pathogens)
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12 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
Distinct Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in a Medical Center at a Ten-Year Interval
by Wei-Hung Lin, Yen-Zhen Zhang, Po-Yao Liu, Po-Shun Chen, Shining Wang, Pei-Yun Kuo, Tran Thi Dieu Thuy, Tran Thi Thuy Duong, Li-Li Wen, Yi-Hsien Hsieh, Ming-Cheng Wang and Cheng-Yen Kao
Pathogens 2021, 10(9), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091156 - 8 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2803
Abstract
Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common outpatient bacterial infections. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of E. coli isolated from UTI patients in a single medical center in 2009–2010 (n = 504) and 2020 (n [...] Read more.
Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common outpatient bacterial infections. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of E. coli isolated from UTI patients in a single medical center in 2009–2010 (n = 504) and 2020 (n = 340). The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli was determined by the disk diffusion method. PCRs were conducted to detect phylogenetic groups, ST131, K1 capsule antigen, and 15 virulence factors. Phylogenetic group B2 dominated in our 2009–2010 and 2020 isolates. Moreover, no phylogenetic group E strains were isolated in 2020. E. coli isolates in 2020 were more susceptible to amoxicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefuroxime, cefmetazole, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, compared to the isolates in 2009–2010. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-E. coli in 2009–2010 were detected in groups B1 (5 isolates), B2 (12 isolates), F (8 isolates), and unknown (1 isolate). In 2020, XDR-E. coli were only detected in groups A (2 isolates), B2 (5 isolates), D (1 isolate), and F (4 isolates). The prevalence of virulence factor genes aer and fimH were higher in E. coli in 2009–2010 compared to those in 2020. In contrast, afa and sat showed higher frequencies in E. coli isolates in 2020 compared to E. coli in 2009–2010. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Emergent Pathogens)
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