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Pathogens
Special Issues
Microbe-Mediated Intestinal Diseases in Humans and Animals
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Microbe-Mediated Intestinal Diseases in Humans and Animals

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 9423

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiaolun Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science & Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Interests: host-microbe interactions at the gastrointestinal tract (inflammatory bowel diseases; necrotic enteritis; Campylobacteriosis; colorectal cancer)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhenquan Jia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
Interests: environmental-factor-induced vascular inflammation and injury (understanding the signaling mechanisms)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ying Fu

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Cell and Molecular Biology Program & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Interests: host-microbe interactions at the gastrointestinal tract (necrotic enteritis; Campylobacteriosis; vaccination)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The gastrointestinal tract not only digests food, but it also absorbs nutrients and harbors a complex community of trillions of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, virus, and eukarya. The dynamic interaction of intestinal microbes with the host and among themselves influences the host health and diseases at gut and systematic levels. Several intestinal diseases result from dysfunctional host–microbe or microbe–microbe interaction, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, Clostridium difficile infection, colorectal cancer, poultry necrotic enteritis, and swine postweaning diarrhea. Although a growing body of studies have brought significant insight into those interactions during gut health and diseases, much knowledge remains to be discovered. In addition, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in agricultural and medical fields prompts the need for effective antibiotic-free alternatives, such as symbiotic microbes and metabolites, vaccines, and bioactive small molecules.

This Special Issue, titled “Microbe-Mediated Intestinal Diseases in Humans and Animals”, will aim to report an advanced understanding of the role of the gut microbes in the healthy condition and in the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of digestive diseases, including small intestine and large intestine disorders in the presence of microbial pathogens, microbiota, and microbiota metabolites.

Both original research and review articles regarding human and animal are welcomed. Potential topics include but are not limited to:

- Infectious intestinal disease mechanisms;

- Infectious intestinal disease prevention or treatment;

- Microbiota, metabolome/metabolites in intestinal diseases;

- Inflammation in intestinal diseases;

- Microbiota/metabolite and intestinal tumorigenesis;

- Digestion, absorption, and microbes.

Dr. Xiaolun Sun
Dr. Zhenquan Jia
Guest Editors
Dr. Ying Fu
Co-Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Gastrointestinal/digestive diseases
  • Bacterial pathogens
  • Viral pathogens
  • Eukaryotic pathogens
  • Pathogen virulence
  • Microbiota Metabolome
  • Host response
  • Inflammation
  • Intestinal tumorigenesis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1880 KiB  
Article
Microbiota from Specific Pathogen-Free Mice Reduces Campylobacter jejuni Chicken Colonization
by Ayidh Almansour, Ying Fu, Tahrir Alenezi, Mohit Bansal, Bilal Alrubaye, Hong Wang and Xiaolun Sun
Pathogens 2021, 10(11), 1387; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111387 - 27 Oct 2021
Viewed by 2117
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, a prevalent foodborne bacterial pathogen, is mainly transmitted from poultry with few effective prevention approaches. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of microbiota on C. jejuni chicken colonization. Microbiota from specific pathogen-free (SPF) mouse stools were collected [...] Read more.
Campylobacter jejuni, a prevalent foodborne bacterial pathogen, is mainly transmitted from poultry with few effective prevention approaches. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of microbiota on C. jejuni chicken colonization. Microbiota from specific pathogen-free (SPF) mouse stools were collected as SPF-Aerobe and SPF-Anaerobe. Birds were colonized with SPF-Aerobe or SPF-Anaerobe at day 0 and infected with C. jejuni AR101 at day 12. Notably, C. jejuni AR101 colonized at 5.3 and 5.6 log10 C. jejuni CFU/g chicken cecal digesta at days 21 and 28, respectively, while both SPF-Aerobe and SPF-Anaerobe microbiota reduced pathogen colonization. Notably, SPF-Aerobe and SPF-Anaerobe increased cecal phylum Bacteroidetes and reduced phylum Firmicutes compared to those in the nontransplanted birds. Interestingly, microbiota from noninfected chickens, SPF-Aerobe, or SPF-Anaerobe inhibited AR101 in vitro growth, whereas microbiota from infected birds alone failed to reduce pathogen growth. The bacterium Enterobacter102 isolated from infected birds transplanted with SPF-Aerobe inhibited AR101 in vitro growth and reduced pathogen gut colonization in chickens. Together, SPF mouse microbiota was able to colonize chicken gut and reduce C. jejuni chicken colonization. The findings may help the development of effective strategies to reduce C. jejuni chicken contamination and campylobacteriosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbe-Mediated Intestinal Diseases in Humans and Animals)
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13 pages, 6450 KiB  
Article
Specific Secondary Bile Acids Control Chicken Necrotic Enteritis
by Mohit Bansal, Tahrir Alenezi, Ying Fu, Ayidh Almansour, Hong Wang, Anamika Gupta, Rohana Liyanage, Danielle B. Graham, Billy M. Hargis and Xiaolun Sun
Pathogens 2021, 10(8), 1041; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081041 - 17 Aug 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3476
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE), mainly induced by the pathogens of Clostridium perfringens and coccidia, causes huge economic losses with limited intervention options in the poultry industry. This study investigated the role of specific bile acids on NE development. Day-old broiler chicks were assigned to [...] Read more.
Necrotic enteritis (NE), mainly induced by the pathogens of Clostridium perfringens and coccidia, causes huge economic losses with limited intervention options in the poultry industry. This study investigated the role of specific bile acids on NE development. Day-old broiler chicks were assigned to six groups: noninfected, NE, and NE with four bile diets of 0.32% chicken bile, 0.15% commercial ox bile, 0.15% lithocholic acid (LCA), or 0.15% deoxycholic acid (DCA). The birds were infected with Eimeria maxima at day 18 and C. perfringens at day 23 and 24. The infected birds developed clinical NE signs. The NE birds suffered severe ileitis with villus blunting, crypt hyperplasia, epithelial line disintegration, and massive immune cell infiltration, while DCA and LCA prevented the ileitis histopathology. NE induced severe body weight gain (BWG) loss, while only DCA prevented NE-induced BWG loss. Notably, DCA reduced the NE-induced inflammatory response and the colonization and invasion of C. perfringens compared to NE birds. Consistently, NE reduced the total bile acids in the ileal digesta, while dietary DCA and commercial bile restored it. Together, this study showed that DCA and LCA reduced NE histopathology, suggesting that secondary bile acids, but not total bile acid levels, play an essential role in controlling the enteritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbe-Mediated Intestinal Diseases in Humans and Animals)
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Review

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28 pages, 1925 KiB  
Review
Microbiota and Drug Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by Martina Franzin, Katja Stefančič, Marianna Lucafò, Giuliana Decorti and Gabriele Stocco
Pathogens 2021, 10(2), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020211 - 16 Feb 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3233
Abstract
A mutualistic relationship between the composition, function and activity of the gut microbiota (GM) and the host exists, and the alteration of GM, sometimes referred as dysbiosis, is involved in various immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating evidence suggests that the [...] Read more.
A mutualistic relationship between the composition, function and activity of the gut microbiota (GM) and the host exists, and the alteration of GM, sometimes referred as dysbiosis, is involved in various immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating evidence suggests that the GM is able to influence the efficacy of the pharmacological therapy of IBD and to predict whether individuals will respond to treatment. Additionally, the drugs used to treat IBD can modualate the microbial composition. The review aims to investigate the impact of the GM on the pharmacological therapy of IBD and vice versa. The GM resulted in an increase or decrease in therapeutic responses to treatment, but also to biotransform drugs to toxic metabolites. In particular, the baseline GM composition can help to predict if patients will respond to the IBD treatment with biologic drugs. On the other hand, drugs can affect the GM by incrementing or reducing its diversity and richness. Therefore, the relationship between the GM and drugs used in the treatment of IBD can be either beneficial or disadvantageous. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbe-Mediated Intestinal Diseases in Humans and Animals)
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