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Photonics
Special Issues
Technologies and Applications of Spectroscopy
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Technologies and Applications of Spectroscopy

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 4392

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhirong Zhang

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Guest Editor
Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Interests: spectroscopy; laser techniques; optical fiber sensing; photoelectric measurement; optics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chuanliang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment and School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Interests: laser spectroscopy; measurement and instrumentation; sensors and sensor systems; non-intrusive detection; molecular spectroscopy
Prof. Dr. Jie Shao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Information Optics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
Interests: laser spectroscopy; measurement and instrumentation; sensors and sensor systems; non-intrusive detection; molecular spectroscopy
Dr. Christa Fittschen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522-PC2A-Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
Interests: laser spectroscopy; physical chemistry of combustion and atmospheric chemistry processes
Dr. Barbara A Paldus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Codex Labs Corporation, Portola Valley, CA 94028, USA
Interests: measurement of skin and gut with spectroscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the core technology in the field of spectroscopy, laser spectroscopy has become an important method to study the interaction between light and matter in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, astronomy, and other fields. With the development of laser technology, many forms of spectroscopy technology have been developed, such as TDLAS, CRDS, ICOS, LIBS, PAS, NICE-OHMS, DTS, OTDR, FBG, and so on. Its measurement sensitivity also covers %, ppm, ppb, and even ppq levels, and many other parameters can be derived from spectroscopy. Many scholars have applied it to various fields such as environmental monitoring, respiratory health, industrial process control, safe operation and maintenance, and so on.

To promote academic research and development in the field of laser spectroscopy, and strengthen academic exchanges and cooperation among relevant researchers, Photonics will launch the Special Issue titled "Technologies and Applications of Spectroscopy", which will focus on displaying and discussing research achievements and research progress in the field of laser spectroscopy and laser techniques.

Prof. Dr. Zhirong Zhang
Prof. Dr. Chuanliang Li
Prof. Dr. Jie Shao
Dr. Christa Fittschen
Dr. Barbara A Paldus
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • spectroscopy
  • laser techniques
  • optical fiber sensing (DTS, FBG, OTDR, etc.)
  • photoelectric measurement
  • optical sensors
  • laser sensing
  • laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
  • laser devices and materials
  • laser communication
  • measurement and sensor systems
  • non-intrusive detection
  • molecular spectroscopy

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5332 KiB  
Article
Research on the Frequency Stabilization System of an External Cavity Diode Laser Based on Rubidium Atomic Modulation Transfer Spectroscopy Technology
by Yueyang Wu, Fangjun Qin, Zhichao Ding, Rui Xu and Dongyi Li
Photonics 2024, 11(4), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11040298 - 25 Mar 2024
Viewed by 595
Abstract
To achieve high-frequency stability on the external cavity diode laser (ECDL), a 780 nm ECDL serves as the seed light source, and its frequency is precisely locked to the saturated absorption peak of rubidium (Rb) atoms using modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) technology. For [...] Read more.
To achieve high-frequency stability on the external cavity diode laser (ECDL), a 780 nm ECDL serves as the seed light source, and its frequency is precisely locked to the saturated absorption peak of rubidium (Rb) atoms using modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) technology. For improving the performance of frequency locking, the scheme is designed to find the optimal operating conditions. Correlations between the frequency discrimination signal (FDS) and critical parameters, such as the temperature of the Rb cell, the power ratio of the probe and pump light, and the frequency and amplitude of the modulation and demodulation signals, are observed to attain the optimal conditions for frequency locking. To evaluate the performance of the frequency-stabilized 780 nm ECDL, a dual-beam heterodyne setup was constructed. Through this arrangement, the laser linewidth, approximately 65.4 kHz, is measured. Then, the frequency stability of the laser, quantified as low as 4.886 × 10−12 @32 s, is determined by measuring the beat-frequency signal with a frequency counter and calculating the Allan variance. Furthermore, using the realized frequency locking technology, the 780 nm ECDL can achieve long-term stabilization even after 25 h. The test results show the exceptional performance of the implemented frequency stabilization system for the 780 nm ECDL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Spectroscopy)
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13 pages, 10736 KiB  
Article
CO2 Measurement under Different Pressure and Vibration Conditions Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
by Deyue Ban, Nan Li, Yongqiu Zheng and Chenyang Xue
Photonics 2024, 11(2), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11020146 - 4 Feb 2024
Viewed by 880
Abstract
The greenhouse effect resulting from fuel combustion has drawn growing attention, and CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power stations are one of the main sources of greenhouse gases. It is crucial to monitor the concentration of CO2 in the flue gas [...] Read more.
The greenhouse effect resulting from fuel combustion has drawn growing attention, and CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power stations are one of the main sources of greenhouse gases. It is crucial to monitor the concentration of CO2 in the flue gas ducts of these stations. However, pressure and vibration caused by the combustion of boilers make the measurement of CO2 in flue gas ducts extremely challenging. In this study, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) combined with Wave Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) was employed to measure the concentration of CO2 under different pressure and vibration conditions in the laboratory. The absorption line of CO2 at the wavenumber 6357.38 cm−1 was recorded under varying pressure conditions ranging from 0 to 1.4 atm, acceleration conditions ranging from 0 to 7.7 m/s2, and a combination of both. Firstly, a negative linear correlation was found between the pressure and the amplitude of the second harmonic, with a maximum relative error of 4.645% observed at a pressure of 1.4 atm. Secondly, the maximum acceleration that the system can withstand was determined to be 7.3 m/s2, as it was not possible to provide a sufficiently low fitting error at higher accelerations. For the combined effects of the pressure and vibration, a dramatic increase in the relative error of amplitude can be observed within the acceleration range of 5.0~6.0 m/s2 while under the pressure conditions of 0.6 atm, 1.0 atm, and 1.4 atm. Moreover, the maximum endurable acceleration decreases with the increase in pressure, which infers that effective measurements can be achieved when the acceleration is below 5 m/s2 within the pressure range of 0~1.4 atm. This suggests that TDLAS combined with WMS possesses a potential for online measuring of CO2 concentrations in flue gas ducts within a certain acceleration range. This work can provide some insights for stable gas detection using TDLAS under varied pressure and vibration conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Spectroscopy)
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15 pages, 8249 KiB  
Article
Substrate-Assisted Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Combined with Variable Selection and Extreme Learning Machine for Quantitative Determination of Fenthion in Soybean Oil
by Yu Ding, Yufeng Wang, Jing Chen, Wenjie Chen, Ao Hu, Yan Shu and Meiling Zhao
Photonics 2024, 11(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11020129 - 30 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 745
Abstract
The quality and safety of edible vegetable oils are closely related to human life and health, meaning it is of great significance to explore the rapid detection methods of pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils. This study explored the applicability potential of substrate-assisted [...] Read more.
The quality and safety of edible vegetable oils are closely related to human life and health, meaning it is of great significance to explore the rapid detection methods of pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils. This study explored the applicability potential of substrate-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for quantitatively determining fenthion in soybean oils. First, we explored the impact of laser energy, delay time, and average oil film thickness on the spectral signals to identify the best experimental parameters. Afterward, we quantitatively analyzed soybean oil samples using these optimized conditions and developed a full-spectrum extreme learning machine (ELM) model. The model achieved a prediction correlation coefficient (RP2) of 0.8417, a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 167.2986, and a mean absolute percentage error of prediction (MAPEP) of 26.46%. In order to enhance the prediction performance of the model, a modeling method using the Boruta algorithm combined with the ELM was proposed. The Boruta algorithm was employed to identify the feature variables that exhibit a strong correlation with the fenthion content. These selected variables were utilized as inputs for the ELM model, with the RP2, RMSEP, and MAPEP of Boruta-ELM being 0.9631, 71.4423, and 10.06%, respectively. Then, the genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the parameters of the Boruta-ELM model, with the RP2, RMSEP, and MAPEP of GA-Boruta-ELM being 0.9962, 11.005, and 1.66%, respectively. The findings demonstrate that the GA-Boruta-ELM model exhibits excellent prediction capability and effectively predicts the fenthion contents in soybean oil samples. It will be valuable for the LIBS quantitative detection and analysis of pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Spectroscopy)
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9 pages, 3158 KiB  
Communication
An Unmanned Vehicle-Based Remote Raman System for Real-Time Trace Detection and Identification
by Wenzhen Ren, Bo Wang, Zhengmao Xie, Hui Wang, Xiangping Zhu and Wei Zhao
Photonics 2023, 10(11), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10111230 - 3 Nov 2023
Viewed by 664
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a type of inelastic scattering that provides rich information about a substance based on the coupling of the energy levels of their vibrational and rotational modes with an incident light. It has been applied extensively in many fields. As there [...] Read more.
Raman spectroscopy is a type of inelastic scattering that provides rich information about a substance based on the coupling of the energy levels of their vibrational and rotational modes with an incident light. It has been applied extensively in many fields. As there is an increasing need for the remote detection of chemicals in planetary exploration and anti-terrorism, it is urgent to develop a compact, easily transportable, and fully automated remote Raman detection system for trace detection and identification of information, with high-level confidence about the target’s composition and conformation in real-time and for real field scenarios. Here, we present an unmanned vehicle-based remote Raman system, which includes a 266 nm air-cooling passive Q-switched nanosecond pulsed laser of high-repetition frequency, a gated ICMOS, and an unmanned vehicle. This system provides good spectral signals from remote distances ranging from 3 m to 10 m for simulating realistic scenarios, such as aluminum plate, woodblock, paperboard, black cloth, and leaves, and even for detected amounts as low as 0.1 mg. Furthermore, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based algorithm is implemented and packaged into the recognition software to achieve faster and more accurate detection and identification. This prototype offers a proof-of-concept for an unmanned vehicle with accurate remote substance detection in real-time, which can be helpful for remote detection and identification of hazardous gas, explosives, their precursors, and so forth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Spectroscopy)
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15 pages, 3255 KiB  
Article
Detection of CO2 and CH4 Concentrations on a Beijing Urban Road Using Vehicle-Mounted Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
by Jiuying Chen, Pengxiang Cui, Chuncheng Zhou, Xiaoya Yu, Haohao Wu, Liangquan Jia, Mei Zhou, Huijing Zhang, Geer Teng, Sai Cheng, Linsheng Chen and Yuanyuan Qiu
Photonics 2023, 10(8), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10080938 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 898
Abstract
The analysis of greenhouse gas emission characteristics on urban roads is of great significance for understanding the sources and sinks of urban greenhouse gases and their changing patterns. Based on tunable diode laser derivative absorption spectroscopy technology, which features high resolution, high sensitivity, [...] Read more.
The analysis of greenhouse gas emission characteristics on urban roads is of great significance for understanding the sources and sinks of urban greenhouse gases and their changing patterns. Based on tunable diode laser derivative absorption spectroscopy technology, which features high resolution, high sensitivity, and fast response, a vehicle-mounted system capable of simultaneously detecting CO2 and CH4 has been developed. The system has a response time of 0.38 s, with detection sensitivities of 5 ppb for CH4 and 0.2 ppm for CO2, power consumption of approximately 4.8 W, a weight of less than 3 kg, and dimensions of 255 mm × 275 mm × 85 mm. Using this system, monitoring campaigns were conducted on the same road in Beijing, running north–south, during different time periods in April and June 2023. The results show that there is little correlation between changes in CO2 and CH4 concentrations on the road, and these gas concentrations exhibit different influencing factors and spatiotemporal characteristics. The CO2 concentration on the road is primarily related to the degree of traffic congestion and does not exhibit significant seasonal variations. The average CO2 concentration measured on the road is much higher than the global average CO2 concentration during the same period. On the other hand, the CH4 concentration on the road is not strongly correlated with traffic congestion but is closely related to the leakage of methane from specific emission wells or covers. The CH4 concentration is higher in the morning, gradually decreases as the sun rises, and then increases again after sunset. The CH4 concentration measured at night in June is significantly lower than that in April, reflecting some seasonal variation. The CH4 concentration on the Beijing urban road is slightly higher than the global average CH4 concentration during the same period. The vehicle-mounted experiments verified the feasibility of using this self-developed system for vehicle-mounted detection of greenhouse gas concentrations on urban roads. The research results can provide data for analyzing the spatial pattern of regional carbon sources and sinks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Spectroscopy)
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