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Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste
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Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste

A special issue of Resources (ISSN 2079-9276).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 15340

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Athanasios Angelis Dimakis

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
Interests: industrial ecology; waste management; circular economy; life cycle assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Dimopoulou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
Interests: food sustainability; agricultural waste extraction; polysaccharide extraction; physicochemical characterisation; functional applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Antonia Vyrkou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
Interests: life cycle assessment; waste management; valorisation of agricultural waste

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The extraction process is the starting point for the isolation and purification of chemical constituents present in agricultural resources, especially in agricultural byproducts. This Special Issue focuses not only on the conventional extraction methods, but also on the latest and most innovative approaches for extracting bioactive compounds from foods and agricultural by-products. Manuscripts that focus on functional applications, scale-up and process commercialisation using extraction techniques are also welcome.

Dr. Athanasios Angelis Dimakis
Dr. Maria Dimopoulou
Dr. Antonia Vyrkou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Resources is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extraction techniques: conventional, green impacts and sustainable
  • separation and purification methodologies
  • agricultural resources/wastes
  • industrial applications

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 884 KiB  
Article
Soybean Oil as a Green Solvent for the Recovery of Carotenoids from Banana Peel: Evaluation of the Storage and Processing on Final Product
by Nara Michi de Faria Ishikiriyama, Isabele Policarpo da Silveira, Joyce Viana Silva, Beatriz Pereira de Freitas, Claudete Norie Kunigami, Eliane Przytyk Jung and Leilson de Oliveira Ribeiro
Resources 2024, 13(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020020 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1337
Abstract
This study aimed to recover carotenoids from banana peel by employing a solid-liquid extraction using soybean oil as a green solvent. The oil with the highest total carotenoid content was evaluated for storage stability (30 °C/90 days) and thermal processing (100 and 200 [...] Read more.
This study aimed to recover carotenoids from banana peel by employing a solid-liquid extraction using soybean oil as a green solvent. The oil with the highest total carotenoid content was evaluated for storage stability (30 °C/90 days) and thermal processing (100 and 200 °C/1–2 h). The results for changing temperature (33–67 °C), solid-liquid ratio (1:6–1:74 w/w), and agitation (132–468 rpm) were combined to evaluate the recovery of carotenoids from banana peel in extractions performed for 1 h. The highest total carotenoid concentration obtained from banana peel with 13% residual moisture was 756 µg of β-carotene/mL of oil at 50 °C with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6 and 300 rpm agitation, resulting in a 55% recovery, which is superior to the extraction using acetone as the solvent (50%). Nutritionally, the carotenoid-rich oil can substantially increase vitamin A intake since a 13-mL serving can correspond to 63–117% of the daily intake of vitamin A for different groups. Regarding storage, no differences were observed in the fatty acid profile of the carotenoid-rich oil and the control (pure soybean oil) after 90 days (p > 0.05). The fatty acid profile also remained the same after thermal processing, regardless of temperature and exposure time, except for linolenic acid. 84% retention of total carotenoids was observed after storage. For thermal processing at 100 and 200 °C, regardless of the processing time, a 91 and 31% retention were observed, respectively. Therefore, the use of banana peel as a raw material to obtain carotenoids using soybean oil as a green solvent can add value to production chains, and it is aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 12 of the UN 2030 Agenda, which aims to end hunger, achieve food security, promote sustainable agriculture and ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste)
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11 pages, 596 KiB  
Article
Valorization of Potato Peel Waste as Natural Additive for Use in Meat Products
by Daniela Alejandra Espinoza-García, Brisa del Mar Torres-Martínez, Rey David Vargas-Sánchez, Gastón Ramón Torrescano-Urrutia and Armida Sánchez-Escalante
Resources 2023, 12(12), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12120148 - 18 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1519
Abstract
Potato peel is a waste generated in large amounts in the food industry; however, it has been shown that these residues are an important source of antioxidant compounds. The effect of potato peel powder addition (2, 5, and 10%) on the physicochemical, sensory, [...] Read more.
Potato peel is a waste generated in large amounts in the food industry; however, it has been shown that these residues are an important source of antioxidant compounds. The effect of potato peel powder addition (2, 5, and 10%) on the physicochemical, sensory, and antioxidant status of pork patties during refrigerated storage (2 °C/9 days/under dark) was evaluated. Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of potato peel powder ethanol extract were determined. Pork patties were subjected to proximate chemical composition, physicochemical, and sensory evaluations. Results showed that potato peel ethanol extract at the highest used concentration (500 µg/mL) is an important source of total phenolic (>50 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) and chlorogenic acid compounds (ca. 40 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g) and exerts free radical scavenging (>50% of DPPH inhibition) and reducing power activity (<0.5 abs) (p < 0.05). Additionally, potato peel powder incorporation in raw pork patties reduces changes in pH, lipid oxidation, water-holding capacity, cooking loss weight, and color values during storage. Although an effect was observed on texture and sensory values (color and appearance) of raw patties, depending on addition level (p < 0.05), no differences were found in color appearance, odor, flavor, juiciness, fat sensation, texture, and overall acceptability of cooked patties between treatments (p > 0.05). The use of potato peel powder as a natural antioxidant for meat products is recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste)
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10 pages, 1093 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of the Yield and Chemical Profile of Rose Oils and Hydrosols Obtained by Industrial Plantations of Oil-Bearing Roses in Bulgaria
by Ana Dobreva, Deyana Nedeva and Milka Mileva
Resources 2023, 12(7), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12070083 - 10 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3014
Abstract
Bulgaria is famous for its oil-bearing rose. R. damascena Mill. and R. alba L. are mainly cultivated in the country, but a recent survey of industrial plantations in 2020 revealed that R. centifolia L. and hybrids of R. damascena Mill. X R. gallica [...] Read more.
Bulgaria is famous for its oil-bearing rose. R. damascena Mill. and R. alba L. are mainly cultivated in the country, but a recent survey of industrial plantations in 2020 revealed that R. centifolia L. and hybrids of R. damascena Mill. X R. gallica L. are also common in the rose valley. Although their essential oil cannot be compared in quality with the classic, these species are preferred by farmers with high yields of flowers and resistance to diseases and pests. All these roses are also used to produce rose water and extracts. The aim of this investigation was to compare the yield and chromatographic fingerprints of seven rose oils and hydrosols produced in Bulgaria. The quantitative composition of the main components of the oils was compared with the norms of the world standards. Our study showed that the yield of essential oil from these roses was in the range of 0.015–0.048%. The main group in the chemical composition is terpene alcohols, which vary in range: geraniol (15.85–34.02%), citronellol (6.70–28.72%), and nerol (5.80–11.90%) but with a different ratio. Hydrocarbons are represented by saturated aliphatic homologs with an odd number of carbon atoms, the main ones being nonadecane (8.10–22.67%), heneicosane (4.37–10.21%), heptadecane (1.07–2.98%), and triclosan (0.81–5.90%). In contrast, the chemical profile of the hydrosols was performed using phenylethyl alcohol (27.45–69.88%), geraniol (13.72–28.67%), and citronelol+nerol (4.56–17.37%). The results show that the presence of plantations with a genotype different from that of R. damascena implies differences in the quality of rose oils and hydrosols. This determines their properties of use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste)
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22 pages, 2472 KiB  
Article
The Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Olive Pomace Using Green Extraction Processes
by Marina Stramarkou, Theodora-Venetia Missirli, Konstantina Kyriakopoulou, Sofia Papadaki, Athanasios Angelis-Dimakis and Magdalini Krokida
Resources 2023, 12(7), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12070077 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
In this study, solid olive mill waste (SOMW) was used to obtain antioxidant compounds using solid–liquid extraction. The effect of different extraction methods, namely microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), Soxhlet, and conventional solvent extraction, on the yield, total phenolics, and total antioxidant [...] Read more.
In this study, solid olive mill waste (SOMW) was used to obtain antioxidant compounds using solid–liquid extraction. The effect of different extraction methods, namely microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), Soxhlet, and conventional solvent extraction, on the yield, total phenolics, and total antioxidant activity of SOMW extracts was investigated. Untreated and dried SOMW were subjected to extraction with water and methanol. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the DPPH assay, while their total phenolic content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. For the characterisation of the extracts, HPLC-DAD analysis was performed. The results showed that the extraction yield was significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by the solvent used, the material treatment prior to extraction, the moisture content of SOMW samples, and the extraction time. The optimised parameters were water, as the extraction solvent, and MAE as the extraction technique (extraction temperature of 50 °C and time of 1 h). The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extracts indicated that phenolics were the dominant bioactive compounds. The extracts were found to be rich in several hydroxytyrosol derivatives. Therefore, SOMW can be a valuable resource for bioactive compounds using conventional and innovative extraction techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste)
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20 pages, 1084 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Valorisation of Peach and Apricot Waste Using Green Extraction Technique with Conventional and Deep Eutectic Solvents
by Marina Stramarkou, Vasiliki Oikonomopoulou, Margarita Panagiotopoulou, Sofia Papadaki and Magdalini Krokida
Resources 2023, 12(6), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12060072 - 12 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1625
Abstract
Worldwide, fruit processing industries reject high volumes of fruit waste, which represent rich sources of phenolic compounds and can be valorised through extraction, and then be reused for food, nutraceutical or cosmetic applications. In the present work, the optimisation of the recovery of [...] Read more.
Worldwide, fruit processing industries reject high volumes of fruit waste, which represent rich sources of phenolic compounds and can be valorised through extraction, and then be reused for food, nutraceutical or cosmetic applications. In the present work, the optimisation of the recovery of phenolic compounds from apricot kernels and pulp, as well as peach pulp, through the green method of ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) is performed. Prior to extraction, a drying step of the pulps is conducted using freeze, vacuum and hot air drying. Except for the conventional extraction solvents of water and ethanol:water, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) formed by choline chloride/urea, and a natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) from choline chloride with lactic acid, are used, something that presentsecological benefits. With the aim of discovering the optimum extraction conditions, different values of the parameters of extraction time, utrasonic power and solvent/dry solid ratio are examined, and a mathematical model is developed to correlate them to the extraction yield (EY). The phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity are determined through UV-Vis spectroscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results of the study demonstrated that the most effective solvent in the extraction of apricot kernels is ethanol: water; DES is more efficient in the extraction of apricot pulp and NaDES in the extraction of peach pulps, reaching EYs of 25.65, 26.83 and 17.13%, respectively. In conclusion, both types of fruit waste are proved to have a significant content of valuable compounds, and the use of DES in fruit by-product extraction is effective and seems to be a promising alternative. Thus, the unexploited amounts of waste can be valorised through simple techniques and innovative solvents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste)
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21 pages, 17318 KiB  
Article
Olive Mill Pomace Extract Loaded Ethylcellulose Microparticles as a Delivery System to Improve Olive Oils Oxidative Stability
by Filipa Paulo, Loleny Tavares and Lúcia Santos
Resources 2023, 12(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12010006 - 03 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1700
Abstract
The protective effect of olive mill pomace (OMP) loaded ethylcellulose microparticles as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants against the oxidation of olive oils was assessed. OMP extract was obtained by an optimized two-step solid-liquid extraction; encapsulation was performed by double emulsion solvent evaporation [...] Read more.
The protective effect of olive mill pomace (OMP) loaded ethylcellulose microparticles as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants against the oxidation of olive oils was assessed. OMP extract was obtained by an optimized two-step solid-liquid extraction; encapsulation was performed by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique considering a theoretical loading content in phenolic compounds of 5% (w/w). The changes in the peroxide values, the p-anisidine values, the total oxidation values, the free fatty acids content, the total antioxidant activity, and the total phenolic content were synchronized under storage at 62 °C. The results of oxidative stability were compared with plain oils, oils enriched with synthetic antioxidants, and oils fortified with OMP extract. The encapsulation efficiency of phenolic compounds was 96.0 ± 0.3%. The fortification of olive oils with microparticles retarded the appearance of peroxides, reduced the content of secondary oxidation products, and slowed down hydrolysis processes. The microparticles were efficiently designed to sustain the release of antioxidants to control the oxidative status of oil samples, retarding the free fatty acids formation rather than synthetic antioxidants. The results of this study bring new perspectives regarding the potential use of encapsulated extracts rich in antioxidants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants to improve oil oxidative stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste)
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Review

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17 pages, 2000 KiB  
Review
Solid-State Fermentation for the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Agro-Wastes
by Nadia D. Cerda-Cejudo, José J. Buenrostro-Figueroa, Leonardo Sepúlveda-Torre, Cristian Torres-León, Mónica L. Chávez-González, Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés and Cristóbal N. Aguilar
Resources 2023, 12(3), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12030036 - 06 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3454
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds are a group of secondary metabolites in plants; these molecules are widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, and herbs and can be found in the vacuoles of plant cells. The current trend in these compounds is their extraction to study their applications [...] Read more.
Polyphenolic compounds are a group of secondary metabolites in plants; these molecules are widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, and herbs and can be found in the vacuoles of plant cells. The current trend in these compounds is their extraction to study their applications in several areas, such as the food, cosmetic, and pharmacology industry. This review article presents a critical analysis of polyphenol extraction using solid-state fermentation. The parameters of extraction, such as the substrate, temperature, pH, inoculum of the microorganism, moisture, and water activity, are discussed in detail. This biotechnological extraction method affects the concentration and recovery of polyphenolic compounds. Some polyphenolic sources that are rising for their biological properties belong to agro-industrial wastes, such as peels, seeds, and the pulp of some fruits. Solid-state fermentation is an innovative and environmentally friendly tool that can contribute to generating value-added agrifood from agro-industrial wastes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste)
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