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3D Printed Sensors and Actuators
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3D Printed Sensors and Actuators

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 46893

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Michinao Hashimoto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
Interests: microfluidics; bioprinting; organ-on-a-chip; flexible devices; food printing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With recent advances in digital fabrication and materials science, devices capable of performing multifunctional sensing can be readily fabricated in cost-effective manners via 3D printing and related technologies in digital fabrication. This Special Issue of Sensors aims to provide a collection of approaches and strategies that highlight the advantages, limitations, and current challenges in this emerging field. The issue focuses on fabrication, materials, and applications in the field, including micro-and millifluidic devices, wearable devices, diagnostic tools, flexible sensors, smartphone interfaces, and so forth. Authors are invited to submit both original research articles and reviews.

Dr. Michinao Hashimoto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D printing
  • Additive manufacturing
  • Microfluidics
  • Lab-on-a-chip
  • Molecular diagnostics
  • Point-of-care
  • Soft sensors and actuators

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4391 KiB  
Article
3D Printable Dry EEG Electrodes with Coiled-Spring Prongs
by Masaya Kimura, Shintaro Nakatani, Shin-Ichiro Nishida, Daiju Taketoshi and Nozomu Araki
Sensors 2020, 20(17), 4733; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174733 - 21 Aug 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5080
Abstract
Various dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes have been developed. Dry EEG electrodes need to be pressed onto the scalp; therefore, there is a tradeoff between keeping the contact impedance low and maintaining comfort. We propose an approach to solve this tradeoff through the printing [...] Read more.
Various dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes have been developed. Dry EEG electrodes need to be pressed onto the scalp; therefore, there is a tradeoff between keeping the contact impedance low and maintaining comfort. We propose an approach to solve this tradeoff through the printing of complex-shaped electrodes by using a stereolithography 3D printer. To show the feasibility of our approach, we fabricated electrodes that have flexible fingers (prongs) with springs. Although dry electrodes with flexible prongs have been proposed, a suitable spring constant has not been obtained. In this study, the spring constant of our electrodes was determined from a contact model between the electrodes and the scalp. The mechanical properties and reproductivity of the electrodes were found to be sufficient. Finally, we measured the alpha waves when a participant opened/closed his eyes by using our electrodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Sensors and Actuators)
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24 pages, 22588 KiB  
Article
Design and Implementation of Arch Function for Adaptive Multi-Finger Prosthetic Hand
by Xu Yong, Xiaobei Jing, Xinyu Wu, Yinlai Jiang and Hiroshi Yokoi
Sensors 2019, 19(16), 3539; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163539 - 13 Aug 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 9973
Abstract
Although arch motions of the palm substantially contribute to frequent hand grasping, they are usually neglected in the development of prosthetic hands which focuses on digit movements. We designed the arch function for its implementation on an adaptive multi-finger prosthetic hand. The digits [...] Read more.
Although arch motions of the palm substantially contribute to frequent hand grasping, they are usually neglected in the development of prosthetic hands which focuses on digit movements. We designed the arch function for its implementation on an adaptive multi-finger prosthetic hand. The digits from the developed hand can perform adaptive grasping, and two carpometacarpal joints enable the palm of the prosthetic hand to form an arch with the thumb. Moreover, the arch posture can be passively released, mimicking the human hand switching between sphere and medium wrap grasps according to the situation. Other requirements such as weight, cost, and size limitations for hand prostheses were also considered. As a result, we only used three actuators fully embedded in the palm through a novel tendon-driven transmission. Although the prosthetic hand is almost the same size of an adult hand, it weighs only 146 g and can perform 70% of the 10 most frequent grasps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Sensors and Actuators)
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Review

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28 pages, 3914 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in 3D Printed Mold-Based Sensors
by Shan He, Shilun Feng, Anindya Nag, Nasrin Afsarimanesh, Tao Han and Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
Sensors 2020, 20(3), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030703 - 28 Jan 2020
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 6748
Abstract
The paper presents a review of some of the significant research done on 3D printed mold-based sensors performed in recent times. The utilization of the master molds to fabricate the different parts of the sensing prototypes have been followed for quite some time [...] Read more.
The paper presents a review of some of the significant research done on 3D printed mold-based sensors performed in recent times. The utilization of the master molds to fabricate the different parts of the sensing prototypes have been followed for quite some time due to certain distinct advantages. Some of them are easy template preparation, easy customization of the developed products, quick fabrication, and minimized electronic waste. The paper explains the different kinds of sensors and actuators that have been developed using this technique, based on their varied structural dimensions, processed raw materials, designing, and product testing. These differences in the attributes were based on their individualistic application. Furthermore, some of the challenges related to the existing sensors and their possible respective solutions have also been mentioned in the paper. Finally, a market survey has been provided, stating the estimated increase in the annual growth of 3D printed sensors. It also states the type of 3D printing that has been preferred over the years, along with the range of sensors, and their related applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Sensors and Actuators)
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18 pages, 5441 KiB  
Review
High-Density 3D Printable Chipless RFID Tag with Structure of Passive Slot Rings
by Zhonghua Ma and Yanfeng Jiang
Sensors 2019, 19(11), 2535; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112535 - 03 Jun 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5023
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) printable chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, with high density and sensitivity, is proposed and fulfilled on insulator substrates. By printing a rectangular slot ring and designing specific geometry on the substrate, the printed structure shows high sensitivity in a [...] Read more.
A three-dimensional (3D) printable chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, with high density and sensitivity, is proposed and fulfilled on insulator substrates. By printing a rectangular slot ring and designing specific geometry on the substrate, the printed structure shows high sensitivity in a resonant manner, with the benefits of high density and low cost. Considering the multiple rectangular rings with different sizes in a concentric distribution, a bit coding sequence can be observed in frequency spectra because of the corresponding different resonant frequencies aroused by the printed slots. In this way, the 3D printable chipless RFID tag can be fulfilled by adopting the structure of the rectangular slot ring on the insulated substrates. The main characteristics of the designed rectangular slot rings are verified on both flexible and solid substrates. A 12-bit chipless tag based on the slot ring structures is designed and implemented. The simulation and experiment results show good agreement on its characteristics. The frequency response reveals the fact that the 2th, 3th and 4th harmonic do not exist, which is a unique merit for improving the encoding capacity and the sensitivity of the corresponding reader. The electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave of the reader excitation tag is demonstrated to be wide, up to 90° on the tag horizontal plane, 30° on the vertical direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Sensors and Actuators)
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22 pages, 2602 KiB  
Review
3D Printed Sensors for Biomedical Applications: A Review
by Tao Han, Sudip Kundu, Anindya Nag and Yongzhao Xu
Sensors 2019, 19(7), 1706; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071706 - 10 Apr 2019
Cited by 160 | Viewed by 15453
Abstract
This paper showcases a substantial review on some of the significant work done on 3D printing of sensors for biomedical applications. The importance of 3D printing techniques has bloomed in the sensing world due to their essential advantages of quick fabrication, easy accessibility, [...] Read more.
This paper showcases a substantial review on some of the significant work done on 3D printing of sensors for biomedical applications. The importance of 3D printing techniques has bloomed in the sensing world due to their essential advantages of quick fabrication, easy accessibility, processing of varied materials and sustainability. Along with the introduction of the necessity and influence of 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of sensors for different healthcare applications, the paper explains the individual methodologies used to develop sensing prototypes. Six different 3D printing techniques have been explained in the manuscript, followed by drawing a comparison between them in terms of their advantages, disadvantages, materials being processed, resolution, repeatability, accuracy and applications. Finally, a conclusion of the paper is provided with some of the challenges of the current 3D printing techniques about the developed sensing prototypes, their corresponding remedial solutions and a market survey determining the expenditure on 3D printing for biomedical sensing prototypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Sensors and Actuators)
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Other

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12 pages, 1100 KiB  
Letter
3D-Printed Sensors and Actuators in Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering: Framework and Research Challenges
by Pablo Pérez, Juan Alfonso Serrano and Alberto Olmo
Sensors 2020, 20(19), 5617; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195617 - 01 Oct 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3220
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technologies have been recently proposed to monitor cell cultures and implement cell bioreactors for different biological applications. In tissue engineering, the control of tissue formation is crucial to form tissue constructs of clinical relevance, and 3D printing technologies can also play [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional printing technologies have been recently proposed to monitor cell cultures and implement cell bioreactors for different biological applications. In tissue engineering, the control of tissue formation is crucial to form tissue constructs of clinical relevance, and 3D printing technologies can also play an important role for this purpose. In this work, we study 3D-printed sensors that have been recently used in cell culture and tissue engineering applications in biological laboratories, with a special focus on the technique of electrical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, we study new 3D-printed actuators used for the stimulation of stem cells cultures, which is of high importance in the process of tissue formation and regenerative medicine. Key challenges and open issues, such as the use of 3D printing techniques in implantable devices for regenerative medicine, are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Sensors and Actuators)
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