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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 17668

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Prof. Dr. Yinching Li

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Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China
Interests: analytical chemistry; pharmaceutical analysis; biosensors and chemosensors; electrochemistry; microfluidics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Electrochemistry-based biosensors have seen great advancements in recent years. However, there are many unsolved challenges impeding the wide application of electrochemical biosensors, in terms of their poor stability, complicated fabrication, high cost, limited sensitivity, unfavorable accuracy, etc. Towards addressing these issues, we welcome submissions presenting new and interesting techniques, methods, and devices related to electrochemical biosensing and their applications in bioanalytical fields.

Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, the following topics:

1) Development of biosensors.
2) Computational and theoretical electrochemistry for biosensing.
3) Electrochemical surface science.
4) Electrode modification and its application for bioanalysis.
5) Synthesis of functional materials for fabricating biosensors.
6) Materials for electro-catalysis and electrochemical sensing.
7) Analysis of bio-samples based on electrochemical technology.

Prof. Dr. Yinching Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 8246 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Energy-Efficient Flexible Multi-Modal Wireless Sweat Sensing System Based on Laser Induced Graphene

by Jiuqing Feng, Yizhou Jiang, Kai Wang, Jianzheng Li, Jialong Zhang, Mi Tian, Guoping Chen, Laigui Hu, Yiqiang Zhan and Yajie Qin

Sensors 2023, 23(10), 4818; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104818 - 17 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1877

Abstract

Real-time sweat monitoring is vital for athletes in order to reflect their physical conditions, quantify their exercise loads, and evaluate their training results. Therefore, a multi-modal sweat sensing system with a patch-relay-host topology was developed, which consisted of a wireless sensor patch, a wireless data relay, and a host controller. The wireless sensor patch can monitor the lactate, glucose, K⁺, and Na⁺ concentrations in real-time. The data is forwarded via a wireless data relay through Near Field Communication (NFC) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology and it is finally available on the host controller. Meanwhile, existing enzyme sensors in sweat-based wearable sports monitoring systems have limited sensitivities. To improve their sensitivities, this paper proposes a dual enzyme sensing optimization strategy and demonstrates Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG)-based sweat sensors decorated with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT). Manufacturing an entire LIG array takes less than one minute and costs about 0.11 yuan in materials, making it suitable for mass production. The in vitro test result showed sensitivities of 0.53 μA/mM and 3.9 μA/mM for lactate and glucose sensing, and 32.5 mV/decade and 33.2 mV/decade for K⁺ and Na⁺ sensing, respectively. To demonstrate the ability to characterize personal physical fitness, an ex vivo sweat analysis test was also performed. Overall, the high-sensitivity lactate enzyme sensor based on SWCNT/LIG can meet the requirements of sweat-based wearable sports monitoring systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Electrochemical Biosensors)

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13 pages, 5150 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Highly Sensitive and Selective Dopamine Determination in Real Samples Using Au Nanoparticles Decorated Marimo-like Graphene Microbead-Based Electrochemical Sensors

by Qichen Tian, Yuanbin She, Yangguang Zhu, Dan Dai, Mingjiao Shi, Wubo Chu, Tao Cai, Hsu-Sheng Tsai, He Li, Nan Jiang, Li Fu, Hongyan Xia, Cheng-Te Lin and Chen Ye

Sensors 2023, 23(5), 2870; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052870 - 6 Mar 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1971

Abstract

A sensitive and selective electrochemical dopamine (DA) sensor has been developed using gold nanoparticles decorated marimo-like graphene (Au NP/MG) as a modifier of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Marimo-like graphene (MG) was prepared by partial exfoliation on the mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) through molten KOH intercalation. Characterization via transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the surface of MG is composed of multi-layer graphene nanowalls. The graphene nanowalls structure of MG provided abundant surface area and electroactive sites. Electrochemical properties of Au NP/MG/GCE electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The electrode exhibited high electrochemical activity towards DA oxidation. The oxidation peak current increased linearly in proportion to the DA concentration in a range from 0.02 to 10 μM with a detection limit of 0.016 μM. The detection selectivity was carried out with the presence of 20 μM uric acid in goat serum real samples. This study demonstrated a promising method to fabricate DA sensor-based on MCMB derivatives as electrochemical modifiers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Electrochemical Biosensors)

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18 pages, 5303 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Copper(II) Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded within a PEDOT Matrix for Hydrogen Peroxide Electrochemical Sensing

by Cecilia Lete, Adela-Maria Spinciu, Maria-Gabriela Alexandru, Jose Calderon Moreno, Sorina-Alexandra Leau, Mariana Marin and Diana Visinescu

Sensors 2022, 22(21), 8252; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218252 - 28 Oct 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1870

Abstract

The aim of this study is the preparation of nanostructured copper(II) oxide-based materials (CuONPs) through a facile additive-free polyol procedure that consists of the hydrolysis of copper(II) acetate in 1,4-butane diol and its application in hydrogen peroxide sensing. The nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide determination was constructed by drop casting the CuONP sensing material on top of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by a layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) conducting polymer (PEDOT). The PEDOT layer was prepared on GCE using the sinusoidal voltage method. The XRD pattern of the CuONPs reveals the formation of the monoclinic tenorite phase, CuO, with average crystallite sizes of 8.7 nm, while the estimated band gap from UV–vis spectroscopy is of 1.2 eV. The SEM, STEM, and BET analyses show the formation of quasi-prismatic microaggregates of nanoparticles, with dimensions ranging from 1 µm up to ca. 200 µm, with a mesoporous structure. The developed electrochemical sensor exhibited a linear response toward H₂O₂ in the concentration range from 0.04 to 10 mM, with a low detection limit of 8.5 μM of H₂O₂. Furthermore, the obtained sensor possessed an excellent anti-interference capability in H₂O₂ determination in the presence of interfering compounds such as KNO₃ and KNO₂. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Electrochemical Biosensors)

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12 pages, 2014 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supporting Electrolyte Manipulation for Simple Improvement of the Sensitivity of Trace Vanadium(V) Determination at a Lead-Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode

by Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Damian Gorylewski and Jędrzej Kozak

Sensors 2022, 22(21), 8209; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218209 - 26 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1582

Abstract

The paper presents a very simple way to extremely improve the sensitivity of trace V(V) determination. The application of a new supporting electrolyte composition (CH₃COONH₄, CH₃COOH, and NH₄Cl) instead of the commonly used acetate buffer (CH₃COONa and CH₃COOH) significantly enhanced the adsorptive stripping voltammetric signal of vanadium(V) at the lead-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE/PbF). A higher enhancement was attained in the presence of cupferron as a complexing agent (approximately 10 times V(V) signal amplification) than in the case of chloranilic acid and bromate ions (approximately 0.5 times V(V) signal amplification). Therefore, the adsorptive stripping voltammetric system with the accumulation of V(V)–cupferron complexes at −1.1 V for 15 s in the buffer solution (CH₃COONH₄, CH₃COOH, and NH₄Cl) of pH = 5.6 ± 0.1 was selected for the development of a simple and extremely sensitive V(V) analysis procedure. Under optimized conditions, the sensitivity of the procedure was 6.30 µA/nmol L⁻¹. The cathodic peak current of V(V) was directly proportional to its concentration in the ranges of 1.0 × 10⁻¹¹ to 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol L⁻¹ and 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹. Among the electrochemical procedures, the lowest detection limit (2.8 × 10⁻¹² mol L⁻¹) of V(V) was obtained for the shortest accumulation time (15 s). The high accuracy of the procedure was confirmed on the basis of the analysis of certified reference material (estuarine water) and river water samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Electrochemical Biosensors)

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14 pages, 2369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Prussian Blue in Electrochemical and Optical Sensing of Free Chlorine

by Aušra Valiūnienė, Gerda Ziziunaite and Povilas Virbickas

Sensors 2022, 22(20), 7768; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207768 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2054

Abstract

In this paper, an electrochemical free chlorine (FCL) sensor was formed by modifying a fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass slide (glass|FTO) with a layer of Prussian blue (glass|FTO|PB). The glass|FTO|PB sensor exhibited a wide linear detection range from 1.7 to 99.2 μmol L⁻¹ [...] Read more.

{ClO}_{3}^{-}

{ClO}_{4}^{-}

and

{NO}_{3}^{-}

ions have induced only a negligible amperometric response that is highly beneficial for a real-life sample analysis as these ions are commonly found in chlorine-treated water. Moreover, in this work, optical absorption measurement-based investigations of partially reduced PB were carried out as a means to characterize PB catalytic activity towards FCL and to investigate the possibility of applying PB for the optical detection of FCL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Electrochemical Biosensors)

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Review

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28 pages, 3103 KiB

Open AccessReview

Trends in Quantification of HbA1c Using Electrochemical and Point-of-Care Analyzers

by Pavan Kumar Mandali, Amrish Prabakaran, Kasthuri Annadurai and Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Sensors 2023, 23(4), 1901; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041901 - 8 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4712

Abstract

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), one of the many variants of hemoglobin (Hb), serves as a standard biomarker of diabetes, as it assesses the long-term glycemic status of the individual for the previous 90–120 days. HbA1c levels in blood are stable and do not fluctuate when compared to the random blood glucose levels. The normal level of HbA1c is 4–6.0%, while concentrations > 6.5% denote diabetes. Conventionally, HbA1c is measured using techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, immunoassays, capillary electrophoresis, fluorometry, etc., that are time-consuming, expensive, and involve complex procedures and skilled personnel. These limitations have spurred development of sensors incorporating nanostructured materials that can aid in specific and accurate quantification of HbA1c. Various chemical and biological sensing elements with and without nanoparticle interfaces have been explored for HbA1c detection. Attempts are underway to improve the detection speed, increase accuracy, and reduce sample volumes and detection costs through different combinations of nanomaterials, interfaces, capture elements, and measurement techniques. This review elaborates on the recent advances in the realm of electrochemical detection for HbA1c detection. It also discusses the emerging trends and challenges in the fabrication of effective, accurate, and cost-effective point-of-care (PoC) devices for HbA1c and the potential way forward. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Electrochemical Biosensors)

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25 pages, 9962 KiB

Open AccessReview

Evaluation of Antioxidants Using Electrochemical Sensors: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Yuhong Zheng, Hassan Karimi-Maleh and Li Fu

Sensors 2022, 22(9), 3238; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093238 - 22 Apr 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2857

Abstract

The imbalance of oxidation and antioxidant systems in the biological system can lead to oxidative stress, which is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Substances with antioxidant capacity can effectively resist the harmful damage of oxidative stress. How to measure the antioxidant capacity of antioxidants has essential application value in medicine and food. Techniques such as DPPH radical scavenging have been developed to measure antioxidant capacity. However, these traditional analytical techniques take time and require large instruments. It is a more convenient method to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of antioxidants based on their electrochemical oxidation and reduction behaviors. This review summarizes the evaluation of antioxidants using electrochemical sensors by bibliometrics. The development of this topic was described, and the research priorities at different stages were discussed. The topic was investigated in 1999 and became popular after 2010 and has remained popular ever since. A total of 758 papers were published during this period. In the early stages, electrochemical techniques were used only as quantitative techniques and other analytical techniques. Subsequently, cyclic voltammetry was used to directly study the electrochemical behavior of different antioxidants and evaluate antioxidant capacity. With methodological innovations and assistance from materials science, advanced electrochemical sensors have been fabricated to serve this purpose. In this review, we also cluster the keywords to analyze different investigation directions under the topic. Through co-citation of papers, important papers were analyzed as were how they have influenced the topic. In addition, the author’s country distribution and category distribution were also interpreted in detail. In the end, we also proposed perspectives for the future development of this topic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Electrochemical Biosensors)

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