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Innovative Devices and MEMS for Sensing Applications
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Innovative Devices and MEMS for Sensing Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2024 | Viewed by 3809

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Slawomir Wiak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Interests: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; advanced numerical methods; CAD; database systems; AI (VR/AR); 5G; expert systems; e-learning systems; MEMS; mechatronic systems; engineering software; advanced software in medical sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Paolo Di Barba

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: magnetics; mechatronics; MEMS; evolutionary computing; multi-objective optimization; coupled problems; finite-element methods; metamaterials for 5G and 6G systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Lukasz Szymanski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Interests: mechatronics; e-learning systems; MEMS; CAD; information technologies; advanced software in medical sciences; mechatronic systems; 5G and 6G systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue presents a broad overview of methods of both the analysis and design of sensors and actuators, mainly addressed to scientists as well as research students in the area of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, as well as Artificial Intelligence and Mechatronics; special attention is focused on innovative MEMS devices.

In general, the following remarks can be put forward. Progress in the technology of devices for sensing and actuation is boosted by several factors, for instance, the availability of smart materials like magnetic composites, size miniaturization, the impact of power electronics for supply, and a need for energy-saving systems.

In particular, miniaturization techniques make it possible to integrate different physical domains within the same device, the behavior of which is characterized by the interaction of coupled fields. This in turn has an impact on the mathematical and numerical modeling level, because tools for analysis and design more likely than not are supposed to offer facilities for multi-physics non-linear analysis. Correspondingly, sophisticated techniques of measurement are needed for the assessment and testing of prototypes.

Moving from this background, the scope of the Issue is threefold:

-Increasing our awareness of sensors, transducers, and actuators as the most innovative devices in everyday technology;

-Stimulating research projects in areas like, e.g., the exploitation of new materials and the development of multi-physics modeling tools;

-Helping academic teachers to restructure curricula in electrical engineering according to the emerging trends in research.

Because of the multidisciplinary nature of the covered topics, the skills of different authors acting in different areas of science and technology are necessary, and relevant contributions are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Slawomir Wiak
Prof. Dr. Paolo Di Barba
Prof. Dr. Lukasz Szymanski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sensors and actuators
  • smart materials
  • magnetic composites
  • wireless body area networks
  • analytical models
  • field-circuit models
  • finite-element analysis
  • inverse problems
  • multiobjective optimization
  • neural-network surrogate models
  • evolutionary computing
  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • computer aided design (CAD)

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5949 KiB  
Article
Open-Ended Coaxial Probe for Effective Reconstruction of Biopsy-Excised Tissues’ Dielectric Properties
by Eliana Canicattì, Nunzia Fontana, Sami Barmada and Agostino Monorchio
Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2160; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072160 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 459
Abstract
Dielectric characterization is extremely promising in medical contexts because it offers insights into the electromagnetic properties of biological tissues for the diagnosis of tumor diseases. This study introduces a promising approach to improve accuracy in the dielectric characterization of millimeter-sized biopsies based on [...] Read more.
Dielectric characterization is extremely promising in medical contexts because it offers insights into the electromagnetic properties of biological tissues for the diagnosis of tumor diseases. This study introduces a promising approach to improve accuracy in the dielectric characterization of millimeter-sized biopsies based on the use of a customized electromagnetic characterization system by adopting a coated open-ended coaxial probe. Our approach aims to accelerate biopsy analysis without sample manipulation. Through comprehensive numerical simulations and experiments, we evaluated the effectiveness of a metal-coating system in comparison to a dielectric coating with the aim for replicating a real scenario: the use of a needle biopsy core with the tissue inside. The numerical analyses highlighted a substantial improvement in the reconstruction of the dielectric properties, particularly in managing the electric field distribution and mitigating fringing field effects. Experimental validation using bovine liver samples revealed highly accurate measurements, particularly in the real part of the permittivity, showing errors lower than 1% compared to the existing literature data. These results represent a significant advancement for the dielectric characterization of biopsy specimens in a rapid, precise, and non-invasive manner. This study underscores the robustness and reliability of our innovative approach, demonstrating the convergence of numerical analyses and empirical validation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Devices and MEMS for Sensing Applications)
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17 pages, 7509 KiB  
Article
Simulations of Transients in a Four-Pole Magnetic Bearing with Permanent Magnets
by Dawid Wajnert and Bronisław Tomczuk
Sensors 2024, 24(5), 1402; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051402 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 426
Abstract
This paper presents the design of and transient time simulations for a four-pole magnetic bearing with permanent magnets. The usage of permanent magnets reduces the consumption of electric energy in comparison to a traditional active magnetic bearing. Permanent magnets are installed in the [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design of and transient time simulations for a four-pole magnetic bearing with permanent magnets. The usage of permanent magnets reduces the consumption of electric energy in comparison to a traditional active magnetic bearing. Permanent magnets are installed in the yoke of the stator core to limit the cross-coupling of the magnetic flux generated by the windings. The first part of this paper presents the design of the magnetic bearing and its finite-element model, while the second part describes the field-circuit indirectly coupled finite-element model for the transient time simulation. The presented simulation model was used to calculate the transient response for the rotor lifting from the starting position, the step change in the rotor position and the change in the rotor position under an external impact force applied along the y-axis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Devices and MEMS for Sensing Applications)
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13 pages, 1684 KiB  
Article
Analytic Continuation, Phase Unwrapping, and Retrieval of the Refractive Index of Metamaterials from S-Parameters
by Giovanni Angiulli, Mario Versaci, Salvatore Calcagno and Paolo Di Barba
Sensors 2024, 24(3), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030912 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 826
Abstract
The heuristic homogenization approach is intensively employed to characterize electromagnetic metamaterials (MMs). The effective parameters are extracted within this framework using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method. Special attention must be devoted to handling this procedure because of the branch ambiguity issue affecting it, i.e., [...] Read more.
The heuristic homogenization approach is intensively employed to characterize electromagnetic metamaterials (MMs). The effective parameters are extracted within this framework using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method. Special attention must be devoted to handling this procedure because of the branch ambiguity issue affecting it, i.e., the lack of uniqueness in the evaluation of the effective refractive index neff rooted in the use of the multivalued complex logarithm to invert the Airy–Fresnel relation. Over the years, several techniques based on the phase-unwrapping approach have been introduced, but without any theoretical justification. In this paper, we aim to clarify the theoretical connection between the phase unwrapping method and the analytic continuation theory framework. Furthermore, three-phase-unwrapping approaches, which descend directly from the theory we discussed, are compared to identify which approach is best suited to reconstruct the complex refractive index of metamaterials when the NRW method is applicable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Devices and MEMS for Sensing Applications)
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11 pages, 2706 KiB  
Communication
A Star Network of Bipolar Memristive Devices Enables Sensing and Temporal Computing
by Juan Riquelme and Ioannis Vourkas
Sensors 2024, 24(2), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020512 - 14 Jan 2024
Viewed by 628
Abstract
Temporal (race) computing schemes rely on temporal memories, where information is represented with the timing of signal edges. Standard digital circuit techniques can be used to capture the relative timing characteristics of signal edges. However, the properties of emerging device technologies could be [...] Read more.
Temporal (race) computing schemes rely on temporal memories, where information is represented with the timing of signal edges. Standard digital circuit techniques can be used to capture the relative timing characteristics of signal edges. However, the properties of emerging device technologies could be particularly exploited for more efficient circuit implementations. Specifically, the collective dynamics of networks of memristive devices could be leveraged to facilitate time-domain computations in emerging memristive memories. To this end, this work studies the star interconnect configuration of bipolar memristive devices. Through circuit simulations using a behavioral model of voltage-controlled bipolar memristive devices, we demonstrated the suitability of such circuits in two different contexts, namely sensing and “rank-order” coding. We particularly analyzed the conditions that the employed memristive devices should meet to guarantee the expected operation of the circuit and the possible effects of device variability in the storage and the reproduction of the information in arriving signal edges. The simulation results in LTSpice validate the correct operation and confirm the promising application prospects of such simple circuit structures, which, we show, natively exist in the crossbar geometry. Therefore, the star interconnect configuration could be considered for temporal computations inside resistive memory (ReRAM) arrays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Devices and MEMS for Sensing Applications)
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21 pages, 2922 KiB  
Article
Extended Higher-Order Elements with Frequency-Doubled Parameters: The Hysteresis Loops Are Always of Type II
by Zdeněk Biolek, Dalibor Biolek, Viera Biolková and Zdeněk Kolka
Sensors 2023, 23(16), 7179; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167179 - 15 Aug 2023
Viewed by 867
Abstract
Current MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) can be modeled by state-dependent elements that exhibit hysteretic behavior. Examples include capacitors and inductors whose capacitances and inductances are dependent on the instantaneous state of the electromechanical system, resistors whose resistances exhibit temperature changes when the [...] Read more.
Current MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) can be modeled by state-dependent elements that exhibit hysteretic behavior. Examples include capacitors and inductors whose capacitances and inductances are dependent on the instantaneous state of the electromechanical system, resistors whose resistances exhibit temperature changes when the elements are actually heated, etc. Regardless of the physical background, such hysteresis manifestations can be studied uniformly in the broader framework of generic and extended higher-order elements, in which a classification of hysteretic loops into types I and II is established. The loop type is an important dynamical parameter of an element, having the potential to indicate, for example, its (in)volatility. Thus far, there is no reliable criterion to determine the type of steady loop from the defining relations of an element. This work reports on one special class of extended elements that produces type II loops under all circumstances. The paper presents hitherto unpublished connections between the frequency-doubling parameters of an element and the type of its hysteresis loop. The new findings are expressed by several theorems that allow the type of hysteresis to be inferred from the frequency behavior of the element parameter or state, and vice versa. These procedures are demonstrated with examples and verified by computer simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Devices and MEMS for Sensing Applications)
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