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Advances in Sensors and Sensor Networks for Microseismic Monitoring – Disaster Prevention

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 9843

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wu Cai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Interests: rock burst and coal and gas outburst; microseismic monitoring and seismic active/passive velocity tomography in underground coal mining; induced seismicity in CO2 storage, geothermal, hydraulic fracturing, etc.
Dr. Adam Lurka

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Główny Instytut Górnictwa, Katowice, Poland
Interests: rockburst; microseismic monitoring; coal seam; ground motion; seismographs; Sagnac effect; subsidence; underground mining; geotourism
Prof. Dr. Anye Cao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: mechanism; pre-warning and control of rockburst; failure mechanism of mining-induced tremor; mining geophysics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite submissions to a Special Issue of the Sensors journal on the topic of “Advances in Sensors and Sensor Networks for Microseismic Monitoring – Disaster Prevention”. Induced seismicity from mining, tunnelling, hydraulic fracturing, and fluid injection projects, including underground coal mining, tunnel excavation, geothermal system, hydrogen and unconventional gas exploitation, and deep wastewater injection, have been documented worldwide. The disasters raised in the induced seismicity include rock burst, coal and gas outburst, gas emission, water inrush, earthquake, ground subsidence, etc. The potential for these attendant seismic hazards has affected both public acceptance, facility design and operation, as well as asset value and reputation. To address these issues, microseismic monitoring has been considered as a most effective tool to understand the disaster evolution process and therefore provide guides on the targeted prevention and control strategies. The challenges here mainly include the development of new technologies in the accuracy of sensors, the optimized deployment of sensor networks, the algorithms of seismic parameters calculation, and the assessment methodologies of seismic hazards.

For this Special Issue, we would like to encourage original contributions regarding recent investigations in terms of the safety issues in the application of microseismic monitoring in the utilization of underground energy and space fields. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: microseismic monitoring in field-scale, acoustic emission in laboratory-scale, seismic sensors development and deployment, and seismic hazards assessment and control. It includes all areas related to induced seismicity, such as underground coal mining, tunnel excavation, hydraulic fracturing and fluid injection in the hydrogen and unconventional gas exploitation, and deep wastewater injection. We would also like to invite authors to address the global potential for expanding the technology in one of the above-mentioned areas around the world and to develop specific case studies.

Dr. Wu Cai
Dr. Adam Lurka
Prof. Dr. Anye Cao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • underground coal mining
  • tunnel excavation
  • hydraulic fracturing
  • fluid injection
  • induced seismicity
  • microseismic monitoring in field-scale
  • acoustic emission in laboratory-scale
  • seismic sensors development and deployment
  • seismic hazards assessment and control

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 4227 KiB  
Article
A Field Study Implementing New Monitoring Technology for Roof Caving and Systematic Monitoring for Gob-Side Entry Retaining via Roof Cutting in Underground Coal Mining
by Ying Chen, Zikai Zhang, Chen Cao, Zhaoju Zhang, Jun Han, Qianjia Hui, Bingjie Huo, Fengshuo Jia, Zhijie Zhu and Yang Chen
Sensors 2023, 23(7), 3555; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073555 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1477
Abstract
The longwall mining method with gob-side entry retaining via roof cutting is a new underground coal mining method which has the characteristics of a high resource recovery ratio and environmental friendliness. Due to the complexity of this method, the research method of case-based [...] Read more.
The longwall mining method with gob-side entry retaining via roof cutting is a new underground coal mining method which has the characteristics of a high resource recovery ratio and environmental friendliness. Due to the complexity of this method, the research method of case-based dynamic on-site monitoring, analysis, adjustment, and optimization is usually adopted. Based on a roadway retaining via roof cutting project, in addition to the traditional indirect monitoring method of hydraulic support pressure, this study innovatively establishes a direct monitoring method for roof caving by monitoring the gangue pressure in the goaf, which provides data for the roof cutting effect and offers a new method for studying the overlying strata movement. In the project, a comprehensive monitoring and analysis system was established, including gangue pressure, cable bolt stress, bracket pressure, roadway deformation, and roof separation, which was used to dynamically analyze the effect of roof cutting and optimize the support design. The results show that the pressure of the hydraulic support close to the roof cutting is low, indicating that roof cutting is favorable in the roadway retaining mining method. The roadway deformation in the advanced abutment pressure area of the working face is small. The mining-induced stress caused by the collapse and compaction of the overlying strata in the goaf is the dominant factor affecting the effect of roadway retaining, especially in the 50–100 m range behind the working face, where the dynamic load causes high bearing capacity of the support elements, large roadway convergence, and roof separation. Temporary support and supplementary reinforcement should be added when necessary. The monitoring system presented in this study is highly comprehensive, simple, reliable, and low in cost, providing a reference for roof cutting roadway retaining projects and roof caving-related studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sensors and Sensor Networks for Microseismic Monitoring – Disaster Prevention)
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15 pages, 4645 KiB  
Article
Tectonic Implication of the 2022 MS 6.9 Earthquake in Menyuan, Qinghai, China: Analysis of Precise Earthquake Locations and InSAR
by Xinxin Yin, Hongyu Zhai, Run Cai, Jiangtao Qiu and Xiaobo Zou
Sensors 2023, 23(4), 2128; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042128 - 13 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2028
Abstract
Precise earthquake locations and InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) deformation observation are the major methods to understand the earthquake occurrence and disaster-causing process. This paper proposes a processing framework for analyzing strong earthquake mechanisms from one-dimensional velocity inversion to precise earthquake locations combined [...] Read more.
Precise earthquake locations and InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) deformation observation are the major methods to understand the earthquake occurrence and disaster-causing process. This paper proposes a processing framework for analyzing strong earthquake mechanisms from one-dimensional velocity inversion to precise earthquake locations combined with InSAR deformation observation, and discusses earthquake-generating fault and dynamic mechanisms of tectonic deformation. We analyzed the Menyuan Ms 6.9 earthquake in 2022 and discuss the historical seismic activities and corresponding stress adjustment processes in the research region. To analyze and study the seismogenic structure and mechanism of the earthquake, we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the Menyuan earthquake sequence and analyzed the InSAR coseismic deformation field. We obtained the precise locations of the main shock and aftershocks and the coseismic InSAR deformation field of the main shock. It was confirmed that the Ms 6.9 earthquake was a shallow sinistral strike-slip earthquake, which led to the sequential activation of the Tuolaishan and Lenglongling faults. The main seismogenic fault of the mainshock was the northwestern end of the Lenglongling fault, and the earthquake rupture was segmented. It can be inferred that the earthquake was a stress-adjusted event triggered in the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic belt caused by the northeasterly push of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The risk of moderate to high earthquakes in the region remains high in the future, requiring enhanced seismic observations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sensors and Sensor Networks for Microseismic Monitoring – Disaster Prevention)
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19 pages, 6066 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Anti-Burst Performance in Mining Roadway Support System
by Rupei Zhang, Siyuan Gong, Linming Dou, Wu Cai, Xuwei Li, Hui Li, Xinyuan Tian, Xiaomin Ding and Jiasheng Niu
Sensors 2023, 23(2), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020931 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1155
Abstract
The hazardous effect of a mine earthquake on a roadway is not only related to its energy scale but also to its distance from the roadway. In this study, a signal attenuation model and a disaster-causing model were established to evaluate the mine [...] Read more.
The hazardous effect of a mine earthquake on a roadway is not only related to its energy scale but also to its distance from the roadway. In this study, a signal attenuation model and a disaster-causing model were established to evaluate the mine earthquake effects based on peak particle velocity (PPV) data recorded for 37221-1 upper roadway of the Dongxia Coal Mine, China. The characteristic of dynamic loads due to mine earthquake propagation to roadway surfaces was researched, and critical PPV values were identified using FLAC3D numerical simulation, which can be used to evaluate the roadway anti-burst performance under the existing support system. The results show that the support system is able to resist a mine earthquake with energy below 2.33 × 103 J; however, considering the energy accumulation volume of surrounding rocks and the range of source fracture, the maximum resistible mine earthquake energy can be up to 7.09 × 106 J when the roadway is 50 m away from the source. The validity and applicability of the disaster-causing models was verified by two rockburst cases that occurred during the excavation of the working face. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sensors and Sensor Networks for Microseismic Monitoring – Disaster Prevention)
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15 pages, 6190 KiB  
Article
Research on Self-Noise Characteristics of Nine Types of Seismometers Obtained by PDF Representation Using Continuous Seismic Data from the Malingshan Seismic Station, China
by Kaiming Wang, Wenyi Li, Lijun Zhao, Daxin Yu and Shaogang Wei
Sensors 2023, 23(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010110 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2303
Abstract
The self-noise level of a seismometer can determine the performance of the seismic instrument and limit the ability to use seismic data to solve geoscience problems. Accurately measuring and simultaneously comparing the self-noise models from different types of seismometers has long been a [...] Read more.
The self-noise level of a seismometer can determine the performance of the seismic instrument and limit the ability to use seismic data to solve geoscience problems. Accurately measuring and simultaneously comparing the self-noise models from different types of seismometers has long been a challenging task due to the constraints of observation conditions. In this paper, the self-noise power spectral density (PSD) values of nine types of seismometers are calculated using four months of continuous seismic waveforms from Malingshan seismic station, China, and nine self-noise models are obtained based on the probability density function (PDF) representation. For the seismometer STS-2.5, the self-noise levels on the horizontal channels (E–W and N–S) are significantly higher than that on the vertical channel (U–D) in the microseism band (0.1 Hz to 1 Hz), which is a computing bias caused by the misalignment between the sensors in the horizontal direction, while the remarkably elevated noise on the horizontal channels at the low frequencies (<0.6 Hz) may originate from the local variation of atmospheric pressure. As for the very broadband seismometers Trillium-Horizon-120 and Trillium-120PA, and the ultra-broadband seismometers Trillium-Horizon-360 and CMG-3T-360, there is a trade-off between the microseism band range and low-frequency range in the PSD curves of the vertical channel. When the level of self-noise in the microseism band is high, the self-noise at low frequencies is relatively low. Although compared with the other very broadband seismometers, the self-noise level of the vertical component of the STS-2.5 is 3 dB to 4 dB lower at frequencies less than 1 Hz, the self-noise level of the STS-2.5 at high frequencies (>2 Hz) is slightly higher than others. From our observations, we conclude that the nine seismometers cannot reach the lowest noise level in all frequency bands within the working range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sensors and Sensor Networks for Microseismic Monitoring – Disaster Prevention)
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17 pages, 7373 KiB  
Article
Evolution Characteristics of Seismic Detection Probability in Underground Mines and Its Application for Assessing Seismic Risks—A Case Study
by Hui Li, Anye Cao, Siyuan Gong, Changbin Wang and Rupei Zhang
Sensors 2022, 22(10), 3682; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103682 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Seismic hazards are typical mining hazards causing dynamic failure of coal and rock mass, which greatly threatens the safety of personnel and equipment. At present, various seismic analysis methods are used to assess seismic risks but their accuracy is significantly limited by the [...] Read more.
Seismic hazards are typical mining hazards causing dynamic failure of coal and rock mass, which greatly threatens the safety of personnel and equipment. At present, various seismic analysis methods are used to assess seismic risks but their accuracy is significantly limited by the incompleteness of seismic data. The probability of detecting earthquakes (PDE) method has been proven as a powerful means for retrieving missed seismic events and enhancing the seismic data integrity in mines. However, to date, the reliability of the results of the PDE method has not been assessed and the highly integrated seismic data have not been linked with the actual hazard potential. To fill these gaps, this paper investigated the impacts of the seismic data volume used for calculation and the modification of the layout of sensors on the reliability and robustness of the PDE method. The event counts and seismic energy were compensated using the PDE method, correlated with strong seismic events. The results indicated that the compensated seismic data presented higher accuracy in locating future hazardous events than before. This research provides references on enhancing the performance of seismic analysing methods for seismic risk assessments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sensors and Sensor Networks for Microseismic Monitoring – Disaster Prevention)
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