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Toxins
Special Issues
Multi Methods for Detecting Natural Toxins
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Multi Methods for Detecting Natural Toxins

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 4060

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Svetlana V. Malysheva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit Toxins, Service Organic Contaminants and Additives, Scientific Directorate Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
Interests: analytical chemistry; method development and validation; mass spectrometry; plant toxins; food and feed analysis; food safety

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural toxins are a diverse group of toxic compounds that are naturally produced by living organisms. Possessing various structures, natural toxins demonstrate different biological functions and toxicity. While these compounds are not harmful to the organisms producing them, via different exposure routes, they can reach human and animal bodies and can cause adverse health effects. Exposure to natural toxins needs to be studied and monitored; therefore, the availability of robust, sensitive and fit-for-purpose analytical methods for the detection, screening and/or quantification of various groups of natural toxins is crucial.

This Special Issue is dedicated to the analysis of natural toxins via multi-analyte methods. The simultaneous detection of multiple toxins belonging to the same class, as well as those belonging to different classes (or origins) of toxins, is emphasized. The applicative fields are diverse and can be related to food and feed control, water quality, environmental contamination, biomonitoring and other applications involving multi-toxin analytical methods. It is vital that the methods presented can demonstrate improvements in or the novelty of the analytical approach (e.g., analytes of interest, detection technique, sample preparation, application, performance…).

Dr. Svetlana V. Malysheva
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fungal toxins
  • plant toxins
  • bacterial toxins
  • marine and freshwater toxins
  • method development
  • analysis
  • multi-toxin methods
  • validation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2078 KiB  
Article
New Analytical Approach to Quinolizidine Alkaloids and Their Assumed Biosynthesis Pathways in Lupin Seeds
by Dvory Namdar, Patrick P. J. Mulder, Eyal Ben-Simchon, Yael Hacham, Loai Basheer, Ofer Cohen, Marcelo Sternberg and Oren Shelef
Toxins 2024, 16(3), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030163 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 986
Abstract
Alkaloids play an essential role in protecting plants against herbivores. Humans can also benefit from the pharmacological effects of these compounds. Plants produce an immense variety of structurally different alkaloids, including quinolizidine alkaloids, a group of bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic compounds produced by [...] Read more.
Alkaloids play an essential role in protecting plants against herbivores. Humans can also benefit from the pharmacological effects of these compounds. Plants produce an immense variety of structurally different alkaloids, including quinolizidine alkaloids, a group of bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic compounds produced by Lupinus species. Various lupin species produce different alkaloid profiles. To study the composition of quinolizidine alkaloids in lupin seeds, we collected 31 populations of two wild species native to Israel, L. pilosus and L. palaestinus, and analyzed their quinolizidine alkaloid contents. Our goal was to study the alkaloid profiles of these two wild species to better understand the challenges and prospective uses of wild lupins. We compared their profiles with those of other commercial and wild lupin species. To this end, a straightforward method for extracting alkaloids from seeds and determining the quinolizidine alkaloid profile by LC–MS/MS was developed and validated in-house. For the quantification of quinolizidine alkaloids, 15 analytical reference standards were used. We used GC–MS to verify and cross-reference the identity of certain alkaloids for which no analytical standards were available. The results enabled further exploration of quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis. We reviewed and re-analyzed the suggested quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis pathway, including the relationship between the amino acid precursor l-lysine and the different quinolizidine alkaloids occurring in seeds of lupin species. Revealing alkaloid compositions and highlighting some aspects of their formation pathway are important steps in evaluating the use of wild lupins as a novel legume crop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi Methods for Detecting Natural Toxins)
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10 pages, 1362 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Aflatoxins from Feeds
by María del Carmen Pérez-Álvarez, Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares, Natalia Campillo and Pilar Viñas
Toxins 2024, 16(3), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030120 - 29 Feb 2024
Viewed by 964
Abstract
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have fused molecular imprinting technology with magnetic separation technology, emerging as an innovative material capable of recognizing specific molecules and efficiently separating target substances. Their application to the extraction and purification of mycotoxins has great potential, due to [...] Read more.
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have fused molecular imprinting technology with magnetic separation technology, emerging as an innovative material capable of recognizing specific molecules and efficiently separating target substances. Their application to the extraction and purification of mycotoxins has great potential, due to the toxicity and economic impact of these contaminants. In this work, MMIP has been proposed as a sample treatment for the determination of main four aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in pig feed. The MMIP was formed through the integration of magnetic material (Fe3O4) with commercial molecularly imprinted polymers, avoiding the synthesis step and, therefore, simplifying the process. The analyses were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and the method was validated and limits of quantification (LOQs) between 0.09 and 0.47 ng/g were obtained, below the allowed or recommended levels by the European Union. Repeatability and intermediate precision showed relative standard deviations lower than 10% in all cases and trueness ranged from 92 to 111%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to 31 real pig feed samples, detecting aflatoxins with concentrations between 0.2 and 3.2 ng/g. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi Methods for Detecting Natural Toxins)
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13 pages, 855 KiB  
Article
Validation of a Targeted LC–MS/MS Method for Cereulide and Application in Food and Faeces
by Julien Masquelier, Céline Segers, Bram Jacobs, Tom Van Nieuwenhuysen, Laurence Delbrassinne and Els Van Hoeck
Toxins 2024, 16(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16010013 - 27 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1325
Abstract
Cereulide is an emetic toxin produced by some strains of Bacillus cereus. This bacterial toxin, a cyclic 1.2 kDa dodecadepsipeptide, is stable to heat and acids and causes nausea and vomiting when ingested via contaminated food. This work aimed to develop and [...] Read more.
Cereulide is an emetic toxin produced by some strains of Bacillus cereus. This bacterial toxin, a cyclic 1.2 kDa dodecadepsipeptide, is stable to heat and acids and causes nausea and vomiting when ingested via contaminated food. This work aimed to develop and validate a targeted analytical method applying liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to quantify this toxin in food and human faeces. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile in the presence of 13C6-cereulide, a labelled internal standard, and purified by centrifugation and filtration. The limits of quantification were 0.5 and 0.3 µg kg−1 for food and faeces, respectively. The linearity of the method was very good, with calculated R2 values above 0.995. The mean recovery of the method was within the acceptable range of 70.0%–120.0%, the repeatability was not higher than 7.3%, and the highest intra-laboratory reproducibility was 8.9%. The estimated range for the expanded measurement uncertainty was between 5.1% and 18.0%. The LC–MS/MS method was used to analyse one food sample (rice) from a Belgian foodborne outbreak and five faecal samples from patients with clinical symptoms after consumption of the contaminated rice. The levels of cereulide were 12.22 µg g−1 for food and between 6.32 and 773.37 ng g−1 for faecal samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi Methods for Detecting Natural Toxins)
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