Analysis of Contaminants of Toxicologic Concern in Food, Feed and Nutraceuticals – In Memory of Prof. Alberto Ritieni

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 2524

Special Issue Editors

Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: bioactive compounds; polyphenols; nutraceuticals; antioxidant activity; high-performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; orbitrap approach
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Department of Preventive Medicine, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine University of València, Av. Vincent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
Interests: mycotoxins; antioxidants; bioactive compounds; omics sciences; proteomics; transcriptomics; mass spectrometry; bioinformatics

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Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: thalassemia; leukemia; gene expression; transcriptional factors; mitochondria function; oxidative stress
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, only a few people are aware of the exact reasons for food contamination and its effects on your health. Food contamination represents a serious concern for human and animal health, either from microbiological or chemical origins. This problematic issue can occur at different steps throughout manufacturing processes or may be already present in raw food, due to varying environmental conditions and pollution. For this reason, research is constantly focusing on the identification of possible contaminating sources and the implementation of the most suitable strategies to prevent, mitigate, or counteract them.

Worldwide research is in progress in order to develop novel extraction procedures and analytical techniques for the rapid and easy identification of mycotoxins in both food and feed supply chains. However, techniques based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) coupled with gas chromatography or liquid chromatography appear to be the most promising approaches for successfully detecting and quantifying a broad range of different molecules.

In this Special Issue on “Analysis of Contaminants and Chemical Residues of Toxicologic Concern in Food, Feed and Nutraceuticals”, papers describing the worldwide occurrence of toxicological compounds in various commodities are welcome, as are papers on its occurrence and co-occurrence in human food, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, and animal feed or those relating to novel methodologies for its analysis in food and feed, as well as the evaluation of reliable extraction procedures. We look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue in the form of original research, case studies, or review papers, shedding light on perspectives on the occurrence and control of food contaminants in different commodities and risk assessment.

This Special Issue is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Alberto Ritieni who died unexpectedly on 13 June 2023.  I would like to thank the Professor for his countless scientific contributions to the entire community and for conveying to us his extensive knowledge in the field of mycotoxins and food safety. Thank you, Professor, from all of us.

Dr. Luana Izzo
Dr. Alessandra Cimbalo
Dr. Michela Grosso
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • mycotoxins
  • food contaminants
  • method development
  • mass spectrometry
  • diet supplements
  • occurrence
  • retrospective analysis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 556 KiB  
Article
Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
by Juliane Lima da Silva, Sonia Lombardi, Luigi Castaldo, Elena Morelli, Jaqueline Garda-Buffon, Luana Izzo and Alberto Ritieni
Toxins 2023, 15(9), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090562 - 08 Sep 2023
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are a major source of contamination in cereals, posing risks to human health and causing significant economic losses to the industry. A comprehensive strategy for the analysis of 21 mycotoxins in Italian cereal grain samples (n = 200) was developed using [...] Read more.
Mycotoxins are a major source of contamination in cereals, posing risks to human health and causing significant economic losses to the industry. A comprehensive strategy for the analysis of 21 mycotoxins in Italian cereal grain samples (n = 200) was developed using a simple and quick sample preparation method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The proposed method showed some advantages, such as multi-mycotoxin analyses with simple sample preparation, fast determination, and high sensitivity. The analysis of the sample revealed the presence of 11 mycotoxins, with α-zearalenol being the most frequently detected, while deoxynivalenol exhibited the highest contamination level. Furthermore, co-occurrence was identified in 15.5% of the samples under analysis. Among these, 13% of the samples reported the simultaneous presence of two mycotoxins, while 2.5% showed the co-occurrence of three mycotoxins. Currently, there has been a renewed interest in guaranteeing the quality and safety of products intended for human consumption. This study holds significant value due to its ability to simultaneously detect multiple mycotoxins within a complex matrix. Furthermore, it provides findings regarding the occurrence and co-occurrence of emerging mycotoxins that currently lack regulation under the existing European Commission Regulation. Full article
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14 pages, 3033 KiB  
Article
Beauvericin Immunotoxicity Prevention by Gentiana lutea L. Flower In Vitro
by Giacomo Di Matteo, Alessandra Cimbalo, Lara Manyes and Luisa Mannina
Toxins 2023, 15(9), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090538 - 31 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA) is an emerging mycotoxin produced by some species of Fusarium genera that widely contaminates food and feed. Gentiana lutea is a protected medicinal plant known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to its rich content of bioactive compounds. [...] Read more.
Beauvericin (BEA) is an emerging mycotoxin produced by some species of Fusarium genera that widely contaminates food and feed. Gentiana lutea is a protected medicinal plant known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to its rich content of bioactive compounds. In order to evaluate the beneficial effects of G. lutea flower against BEA cytotoxicity, the aim of this study is to evaluate changes in protein expression after Jurkat cell exposure through a proteomics approach. To carry out the experiment, cells were exposed to intestinally digested G. lutea flower alone or in combination with the BEA standard (100 nM) over 7 days. Differentially expressed proteins were statistically evaluated (p < 0.05), revealing a total of 172 proteins with respect to the control in cells exposed to the BEA standard, 145 proteins for G. lutea alone, and 139 proteins when exposing the cells to the combined exposure. Bioinformatic analysis revealed processes implicated in mitochondria, ATP-related activity, and RNA binding. After careful analysis of differentially expressed proteins, it was evident that G. lutea attenuated, in most cases, the negative effects of BEA. Furthermore, it decreased the presence of major oncoproteins involved in the modulation of immune function. Full article
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