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Vaccines
Special Issues
T Cells and Vaccine Immunity
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T Cells and Vaccine Immunity

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular/Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 August 2023) | Viewed by 5849

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Simon Graham

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
Interests: porcine reproductive and respiratory viruses; classical swine fever viruses; henipaviruses; immunity; vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rory Fortes De Brito

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
Interests: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) immunology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many new technologies and strategies have been proposed for the design and development of novel vaccines. Historically, vaccine development has primarily focused on antibody generation, which is essential to prevent infection and limit pathogen spread. However, T-cell memory can be crucial to the control and elimination of pathogens. T-cell responses may be key to combat pathogens evolving to escape antibody-mediated immunity. To focus on concerns regarding antigenic diversity, T-cell-based vaccines are being designed to target more conserved antigen/epitopes, although inducing robust cell-mediated immunity through vaccination can be challenging. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the role that T-cell responses may play in vaccine-induced immunity and novel vaccine strategies to enhance these responses in both humans and domestic animals.

We would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue by submitting an original article, observation, or a review relevant to this topic. Among others, we would be keen to receive submissions that:

  1. Identify T-cell epitopes through next-generation technologies;
  2. Define the mechanisms of protection related to vaccine-induced cellular immunity;
  3. Illustrate T-cell-inducing vaccine strategies using vectors or other platforms (nanotechnology, dendritic cell targeting) to effectively deliver antigens.

Prof. Dr. Simon Graham
Dr. Rory Fortes De Brito
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cell-mediated immunity
  • vaccine immunity
  • T-cell memory
  • bioinformatics and immunoinformatics
  • T-cell antigen and epitope identification
  • peptide vaccines
  • viral vectored vaccines
  • nanotechnology
  • dendritic cell targeting

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3033 KiB  
Article
The Use of an Adjuvant System Improves Innate and Adaptive Immune Response When Associated with a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Antigen in a Vaccine Candidate against L. (Leishmania) infantum Infection
by Fernando Augusto Siqueira Mathias, Thais Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin, Levi Eduardo Soares Reis, Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira Cardoso, Rory Cristiane Fortes De Brito, Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar Soares, Bruno Mendes Roatt, Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira and Alexandre Barbosa Reis
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020395 - 09 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1746
Abstract
Background: The adjuvants’ optimal dose and the administration route can directly influence the epitope recognition patterns and profiles of innate response. We aimed to establish the effect and the optimal dose of adjuvant systems for proposing a vaccine candidate to be employed with [...] Read more.
Background: The adjuvants’ optimal dose and the administration route can directly influence the epitope recognition patterns and profiles of innate response. We aimed to establish the effect and the optimal dose of adjuvant systems for proposing a vaccine candidate to be employed with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Methods: We evaluated the adjuvants saponin (SAP), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and resiquimod (R-848) isolated and combined as adjuvant systems in a lower dose corresponding to 25%, 33%, and 50% of each adjuvant total dose. Male outbred BALB/c mice were divided into 13 groups, SAP, MPL, and R-848 isolated, and the adjuvant systems SAP plus MPL (SM), SAP plus R-848 (SR), and MPL plus R-848 (MR). Results: SM50 increased levels of all chemokines analyzed and TNF production, while it presented an increased inflammatory cell infiltrate in the skin with macrophage recruitment. Thus, we proposed a vaccine candidate employing L. (V.) braziliensis antigen associated with the SM adjuvant system against experimental L. (Leishmania) infantum challenge. We observed a significant increase in the frequency of cells expressing the central and effector memory CD4+ T cells phenotype in immunized mice with the LBSM50. In the liver, there was a decreased parasite load when mice received LBSM50. Conclusions: When combined with L. (V.) braziliensis antigen, SM50 increases TNF and IFN-γ, which generates central and effector memory CD4+ T cells. Therefore, using an adjuvant system can promote an effective innate immune response with the potential to compose future vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue T Cells and Vaccine Immunity)
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Review

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27 pages, 456 KiB  
Review
Testable Candidate Immune Correlates of Protection for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccination
by Andrew R. Kick, Alicyn F. Grete, Elisa Crisci, Glen W. Almond and Tobias Käser
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030594 - 05 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3661
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an on-going problem for the worldwide pig industry. Commercial and experimental vaccinations often demonstrate reduced pathology and improved growth performance; however, specific immune correlates of protection (CoP) for PRRSV vaccination have not been quantified or [...] Read more.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an on-going problem for the worldwide pig industry. Commercial and experimental vaccinations often demonstrate reduced pathology and improved growth performance; however, specific immune correlates of protection (CoP) for PRRSV vaccination have not been quantified or even definitively postulated: proposing CoP for evaluation during vaccination and challenge studies will benefit our collective efforts towards achieving protective immunity. Applying the breadth of work on human diseases and CoP to PRRSV research, we advocate four hypotheses for peer review and evaluation as appropriate testable CoP: (i) effective class-switching to systemic IgG and mucosal IgA neutralizing antibodies is required for protective immunity; (ii) vaccination should induce virus-specific peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production with central memory and effector memory phenotypes; cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) proliferation and IFN-γ production with a CCR7- phenotype that should migrate to the lung; (iii) nursery, finishing, and adult pigs will have different CoP; (iv) neutralizing antibodies provide protection and are rather strain specific; T cells confer disease prevention/reduction and possess greater heterologous recognition. We believe proposing these four CoP for PRRSV can direct future vaccine design and improve vaccine candidate evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue T Cells and Vaccine Immunity)
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