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Vaccines
Special Issues
Bioengineering in Vaccine Design and Delivery
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Bioengineering in Vaccine Design and Delivery

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Attenuated/Inactivated/Live and Vectored Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 March 2025 | Viewed by 4685

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Massimo Zollo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II Faculty of Naples, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Interests: cancer genetics; molecular oncology; pediatric brain cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During vaccine development, it is essential to improve delivery and manufacturing methods to reach the safe, effective, and cost-effective vaccine production criteria.

Advances in bioengineering have made it possible to control the physicochemical properties of the vaccines for faster synthesis, improve the antigen presentation to get more robust immunogenicity of vaccines, and obtain safer vaccine formulas.

Recent developments in vaccine delivery include the development of various polymeric particles as vaccine carriers due to their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, such as PLGA, PEG, polycaprolactone, dextran, chitosan, and self-assembled peptides. It is also shown that biodegradable hyaluronic cryogel mediates sustained antigen and adjuvant release, leading to a durable immune response. Proof of concept studies in vitro and in vivo will also be considered.

Virus-like particles have also been used and tested as vaccine carriers because of their size and shape, which resemble the actual size and shape of native viruses. VLPs also efficiently elicit the immune response and offer improved safety, especially for immunocompromised or elderly patients, as they lack viral genomes, so there is no potential for replication within the target cells.

Scientists working on different strategies to improve vaccine effectiveness, safety, or manufacturing using bioengineering technology are welcome to submit their work to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Massimo Zollo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccine design
  • vaccine delivery
  • vaccine synthesis
  • vaccine carriers
  • virus-like particles

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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13 pages, 3701 KiB  
Article
Influenza A Vaccine Candidates Based on Virus-like Particles Formed by Coat Proteins of Single-Stranded RNA Phages Beihai32 and PQ465
by Egor A. Vasyagin, Anna A. Zykova, Eugenia S. Mardanova, Nikolai A. Nikitin, Marina A. Shuklina, Olga O. Ozhereleva, Liudmila A. Stepanova, Liudmila M. Tsybalova, Elena A. Blokhina and Nikolai V. Ravin
Vaccines 2024, 12(9), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12091033 - 9 Sep 2024
Viewed by 770
Abstract
Efficient control of influenza A infection can potentially be achieved through the development of broad-spectrum recombinant vaccines based on conserved antigens. The extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein M2 of influenza A virus (M2e) is highly conserved but poorly immunogenic and needs to [...] Read more.
Efficient control of influenza A infection can potentially be achieved through the development of broad-spectrum recombinant vaccines based on conserved antigens. The extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein M2 of influenza A virus (M2e) is highly conserved but poorly immunogenic and needs to be fused to an adjuvant protein or carrier virus-like particles (VLPs) to increase immunogenicity and provide protection against infection. In this study, we obtained VLPs based on capsid proteins (CPs) of single-stranded RNA phages Beihai32 and PQ465 bearing the M2e peptides. Four copies of the M2e peptide were linked to the C-terminus of the CP of phage Beihai32 and to the N and C termini of the CP of phage PQ465. The hybrid proteins, being expressed in Escherichia coli, formed spherical VLPs of about 30 nm in size. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy showed that VLPs formed by the phage PQ465 CP with a C-terminal M2e fusion present the M2e peptide on the surface. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with VLPs formed by both CPs containing four copies of the M2e peptide at the C termini induced high levels of M2e-specific IgG antibodies in serum and provided mice with protection against lethal influenza A virus challenge. In the case of an N-terminal fusion of M2e with the phage PQ465 CP, the immune response against M2e was significantly lower. CPs of phages Beihai32 and PQ465, containing four copies of the M2e peptide at their C termini, can be used to develop recombinant influenza A vaccine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioengineering in Vaccine Design and Delivery)
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21 pages, 1865 KiB  
Article
Intranasally Delivered Adenoviral Vector Protects Chickens against Newcastle Disease Virus: Vaccine Manufacturing and Stability Assessments for Liquid and Lyophilized Formulations
by Omar Farnós, Barbara Cristina Martins Fernandes Paes, Belayneh Getachew, Samia Rourou, Ameni Chaabene, Esayas Gelaye, Takele A. Tefera and Amine A. Kamen
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010041 - 29 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2097
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) remains a critical disease affecting poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries, repeated outbreaks have a major impact on local economies and food security. Recently, we developed an adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the Fusion protein from an Ethiopian isolate of Newcastle [...] Read more.
Newcastle disease (ND) remains a critical disease affecting poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries, repeated outbreaks have a major impact on local economies and food security. Recently, we developed an adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the Fusion protein from an Ethiopian isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The adenoviral vector was designed, and a manufacturing process was developed in the context of the Livestock Vaccine Innovation Fund initiative funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada. The industrially relevant recombinant vaccine technology platform is being transferred to the National Veterinary Institute (Ethiopia) for veterinary applications. Here, a manufacturing process using HEK293SF suspension cells cultured in stirred-tank bioreactors for the vaccine production is proposed. Taking into consideration supply chain limitations, options for serum-free media selection were evaluated. A streamlined downstream process including a filtration, an ultrafiltration, and a concentration step was developed. With high volumetric yields (infectious titers up to 5 × 109 TCID50/mL) in the culture supernatant, the final formulations were prepared at 1010 TCID50/mL, either in liquid or lyophilized forms. The liquid formulation was suitable and safe for mucosal vaccination and was stable for 1 week at 37 °C. Both the liquid and lyophilized formulations were stable after 6 months of storage at 4 °C. We demonstrate that the instillation of the adenoviral vector through the nasal cavity can confer protection to chickens against a lethal challenge with NDV. Overall, a manufacturing process for the adenovirus-vectored vaccine was developed, and protective doses were determined using a convenient route of delivery. Formulation and storage conditions were established, and quality control protocols were implemented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioengineering in Vaccine Design and Delivery)
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Other

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9 pages, 989 KiB  
Brief Report
Binding of Natural Antibodies Generated after COVID-19 and Vaccination with Individual Peptides Corresponding to the SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein
by Anna M. Timofeeva, Sergey E. Sedykh, Ekaterina A. Litvinova, Sergey A. Dolgushin, Andrey L. Matveev, Nina V. Tikunova and Georgy A. Nevinsky
Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040426 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1298
Abstract
The rapid development of vaccines is a crucial objective in modern biotechnology and molecular pharmacology. In this context, conducting research to expedite the selection of a potent immunogen is imperative. The candidate vaccine should induce the production of antibodies that can recognize the [...] Read more.
The rapid development of vaccines is a crucial objective in modern biotechnology and molecular pharmacology. In this context, conducting research to expedite the selection of a potent immunogen is imperative. The candidate vaccine should induce the production of antibodies that can recognize the immunogenic epitopes of the target protein, resembling the ones found in recovered patients. One major challenge in vaccine development is the absence of straightforward and reliable techniques to determine the extent to which the spectrum of antibodies produced after vaccination corresponds to antibodies found after recovery. This paper describes a newly developed method to detect antibodies specific to immunogenic epitopes of the target protein in blood plasma and to compare them with antibody spectra generated post vaccination. Comparing the antibody pool generated in the human body after recovering from an infectious disease with the pool formed through vaccination can become a universal method for screening candidate vaccines. This method will enable the identification of candidate vaccines that can induce the production of antibodies similar to those generated in response to a natural infection. Implementing this approach will facilitate the rapid development of new vaccines, even when faced with a pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioengineering in Vaccine Design and Delivery)
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