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Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy and Vaccines Research: 2nd Edition
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Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy and Vaccines Research: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 3894

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Takumi Kumai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka East 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan
Interests: tumor vaccine; T-cells; peptides; adjuvants; head and neck cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunotherapy is now a standard therapy in addition to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for treating cancer. Immune checkpoint blockades are a form of immunotherapy that have acceptable results in many types of tumors. However, it only works for around 20% of patients, as it depends on the immune cells already present in the tumor microenvironment. If these cells are lacking or exhausted, the treatment is not effective. Tumor vaccines can help by increasing the number of antitumor immune cells, including CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells. Peptide epitopes from tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) can be used to develop a tumor vaccine. In the past, vaccines using tumor-derived peptides and inadequate adjuvants (such as incomplete Freund’s adjuvant) failed to achieve clinical antitumor effects. However, with improvements in our understanding of the immune system, we can now use peptides, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines in combination with adequate adjuvants to expand T cells and impede the immune-suppressive environment. This Special Issue will gather the latest advances in the field of tumor immunology to optimize tumor vaccines.

This Special Issue aims to cover various topics related to immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Some of the potential areas include but are not limited to the following: developing immune adjuvants for a tumor vaccine; assessing the immunological aspects of the tumor microenvironment; exploring the benefits of combining immunotherapy with chemoradiotherapy; optimizing the administration route and formula for a tumor vaccine; studying the polarization of immune cells in immunotherapy; impeding immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment; and re-educating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Dr. Takumi Kumai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tumor vaccine
  • immune adjuvants
  • tumor immune environment
  • peptide vaccine
  • chemoradiotherapy
  • cytokines
  • suppressive immune cells
  • checkpoint inhibitors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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19 pages, 3006 KiB  
Article
Intranodal Injection of Immune Activator Demonstrates Antitumor Efficacy in an Adjuvant Approach
by Romano Josi, Anete Ogrina, Dominik Rothen, Ina Balke, Arnau Solé Casaramona, Simone de Brot and Mona O. Mohsen
Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040355 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1417
Abstract
The tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLN) are the initial site of metastases and are the prime site for generating robust antitumor responses. In this study, we explored the efficacy of a universal immune activator (ImmAct) targeted to the tdLN. This approach can be viewed [...] Read more.
The tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLN) are the initial site of metastases and are the prime site for generating robust antitumor responses. In this study, we explored the efficacy of a universal immune activator (ImmAct) targeted to the tdLN. This approach can be viewed as an attempt to turn a cold, unresponsive tdLN into a hot, responsive site. The adjuvant antitumor efficacy of our novel intranodal injection was evaluated in an aggressive metastatic mammary carcinoma murine model. The cancer cells were inoculated subcutaneously in the lower quadrant of the mouse to provoke the tdLN (inguinal lymph node). The study encompasses a range of methodologies, including in vivo and in vitro assays and high-dimensional flow cytometry analysis. Our findings demonstrated that intranodal administration of ImmAct following the dissection of the primary tumor led to improved tumor-free survival and minimized weight loss. ImmAct led to both local and systemic alterations in the cellular and humoral immunity. Additionally, after ImmAct treatment, non-responders showed a higher rate of exhausted CD8+ T cells compared to responders. Indeed, our innovative approach surpassed the gold standard surgery of sentinel lymph node excision. Overall, intranodal administration of ImmAct yielded a robust antitumor immune response, offering protection against micrometastases and relapse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy and Vaccines Research: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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17 pages, 1191 KiB  
Review
Exosome-like Systems: From Therapies to Vaccination for Cancer Treatment and Prevention—Exploring the State of the Art
by Hamid Heydari Sheikhhossein, Francesca Iommelli, Natalia Di Pietro, Maria Cristina Curia, Adriano Piattelli, Rosanna Palumbo, Giovanni N. Roviello and Viviana De Rosa
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050519 - 9 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2171
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world due to its increasing incidence and treatment difficulties. Although significant progress has been made in this field, innovative approaches are needed to reduce tumor incidence, progression, and spread. In particular, the [...] Read more.
Cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world due to its increasing incidence and treatment difficulties. Although significant progress has been made in this field, innovative approaches are needed to reduce tumor incidence, progression, and spread. In particular, the development of cancer vaccines is currently ongoing as both a preventive and therapeutic strategy. This concept is not new, but few vaccines have been approved in oncology. Antigen-based vaccination emerges as a promising strategy, leveraging specific tumor antigens to activate the immune system response. However, challenges persist in finding suitable delivery systems and antigen preparation methods. Exosomes (EXs) are highly heterogeneous bilayer vesicles that carry several molecule types in the extracellular space. The peculiarity is that they may be released from different cells and may be able to induce direct or indirect stimulation of the immune system. In particular, EX-based vaccines may cause an anti-tumor immune attack or produce memory cells recognizing cancer antigens and inhibiting disease development. This review delves into EX composition, biogenesis, and immune-modulating properties, exploring their role as a tool for prevention and therapy in solid tumors. Finally, we describe future research directions to optimize vaccine efficacy and realize the full potential of EX-based cancer immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy and Vaccines Research: 2nd Edition)
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