Vaccines

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Faten A. Okda

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Guest Editor

Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
Interests: viruses; influenza viruses; emerging virus; corona viruses; diagnostic virology; vaccine; molecular virology; swine viruses

Dr. Ahmed Kandeil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
Interests: emerging Infectious Diseases; molecular virology; virus; vaccination; vaccines; viral infection; virus diseases; immunology of infectious; diseases; infection; immunization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory infectious diseases, especially influenza viruses and coronaviruses, pose a substantial risk to humans due to their rapid transmission, the lack of effective universal vaccines, and the diversity in host immune responses. Influenza A viruses are highly contagious in birds, animals and humans, and frequently spillover to cause pandemics in human populations. It is necessary to develop universal influenza vaccine and therapeutic immunity against influenza viruses. Understanding the influenza viruses’ ability to escape the immune system; identifying host factors impacting immunity; deepening our knowledge on immune responses, immune diversity, biological sex differences impacting virus pathogenesis and immune response; and developing mAbs that provide broad protection against influenza viruses are critically important to prevent influenza virus pandemics and epidemics.

This Research Topic aims to represent research studies on influenza virus pathogenesis, virus–host interactions, genetic diversity and evolution of influenza A viruses, intra-host dynamics, antiviral countermeasures and immune responses, vaccine effectiveness, variations in individual responsiveness to vaccination, and vaccination strategies. We welcome the submission of research articles, review articles, research reports, and mini-reviews. Submissions are not limited to influenza viruses and other respiratory viruses, and papers addressing other relevant topics will be considered for publication.

Influenza virus vaccines and variability in vaccine responses against annual seasonal vaccination.
Genetic variations among circulating influenza viruses.
Host factors affecting immune response to influenza virus infection and/or vaccination.
Broad protective mAbs against influenza viruses.
Effective vaccination strategies.
Antiviral therapy and new potential treatments for respiratory viral diseases.
Therapeutic drugs and herbal remedies that enhance immune system against influenza viruses.
Development and evaluation of universal vaccine.
Influenza virus transmission at animal–host interface.
Improving immune response to influenza viruses in immune compromised patients.
Immunity sins.
Host factors that leads to variation in immune response against influenza viruses.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Faten A. Okda
Dr. Ahmed Kandeil
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

influenza viruses
immune response
vaccination
infection
antiviral
host factors
viral factors
mAbs

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Use of Biolayer Interferometry to Identify Dominant Binding Epitopes of Influenza Hemagglutinin Protein of A(H1N1)pdm09 in the Antibody Response to 2010–2011 Influenza Seasonal Vaccine

by Zhu Guo, Xiuhua Lu, Paul J. Carney, Jessie Chang, Wen-pin Tzeng, Ian A. York, Min Z. Levine and James Stevens

Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1307; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081307 - 31 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1092

Abstract

The globular head domain of influenza virus surface protein hemagglutinin (HA1) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccines. As little as one amino acid substitution in the HA1 can result in an antigenic drift of influenza viruses, indicating the dominance of some epitopes in the binding of HA to polyclonal serum antibodies. Therefore, identifying dominant binding epitopes of HA is critical for selecting seasonal influenza vaccine viruses. In this study, we have developed a biolayer interferometry (BLI)-based assay to determine dominant binding epitopes of the HA1 in antibody response to influenza vaccines using a panel of recombinant HA1 proteins of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus with each carrying a single amino acid substitution. Sera from individuals vaccinated with the 2010–2011 influenza trivalent vaccines were analyzed for their binding to the HA1 panel and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) activity against influenza viruses with cognate mutations. Results revealed an over 50% reduction in the BLI binding of several mutated HA1 compared to the wild type and a strong correlation between dominant residues identified by the BLI and HI assays. Our study demonstrates a method to systemically analyze antibody immunodominance in the humoral response to influenza vaccines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Response and Immunity to Influenza A Virus Infection)

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9 pages, 605 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Safety and Immunogenicity of Enterovirus 71 Vaccine (Vero Cell) Administered Simultaneously with Trivalent Split-Virion Influenza Vaccine in Infants Aged 6–7 Months: A Phase 4, Randomized, Controlled Trial

by Yanhui Xiao, Xue Guo, Min Zhang, Yaping Chen, Yanyang Zhang, Xiaoqing Yu, Linyun Luo, Haiping Chen, Weichai Xu, Haibo Liu, Lixia Wu, Renwu Hou, Yong Ma, Lin Long, Jiewei Ruan, Wei Chen and Xiaoming Yang

Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 862; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040862 - 18 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1349

Abstract

Objective: To assess the immunogenicity and safety of the enterovirus 71 vaccine (Vero cell) (EV71 vaccine) and trivalent split-virion influenza vaccine (IIV3). Methods: Healthy infants aged 6–7 months were recruited from Zhejiang Province, Henan Province, and Guizhou Province and randomly assigned to the simultaneous vaccination group, EV71 group, and IIV3 group at a ratio of 1:1:1. Then, 3 mL blood samples were collected before vaccination and 28 days after the second dose of vaccine. Cytopathic effect inhibition assay was used to detect EV71 neutralization antibody, and cytopathic effect inhibition assay was used to detect influenza virus antibody. Results: A total of 378 infants were enrolled and received the first dose of vaccine and were included in the safety analysis, and 350 infants were involved in the immunogenicity analysis. The adverse events rates were 31.75%, 28.57%, and 34.13% in the simultaneous vaccination group, EV71 group, and IIV3 group (p > 0.05), respectively. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. After two doses of EV71 vaccine, the seroconversion rates of EV71 neutralizing antibody were 98.26% and 97.37% in the simultaneous vaccination group and the EV71 group, respectively. After two doses of IIV3, the simultaneous vaccination group and the IIV3 group, respectively, had seroconversion rates of 80.00% and 86.78% for H1N1 antibody, 99.13% and 98.35% for H3N2 antibody, and 76.52% and 80.99% for B antibody. There was no statistically significant difference in the seroconversion rates of influenza virus antibodies between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The coadministration of EV71 vaccine and IIV3 has good safety and immunogenicity in infants aged 6–7 months. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Response and Immunity to Influenza A Virus Infection)

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