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Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV

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A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Papillomavirus Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 8776

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Dr. Wangnan Cao

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Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: HIV/AIDS; behavioral intervention; health promotion; health behavior theories; COVID-19; PrEP; mental health; infectious diseases; behavioral health and health promotion
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection are considered the most promising approach for curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. Over a year into the biggest vaccination campaign in history, more than 12.7 billion doses have been administered across 184 countries. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine helps to protect against cancers caused by HPV, including cervical cancer, some mouth and throat cancers, and some cancers of the anal and genital areas. The current global COVID-19 pandemic threatens to derail the uptake of HPV vaccination in low- and lower-middle income countries, which has a major impact on the World Health Organization cervical cancer elimination strategy, which is dependent on HPV vaccination as well as cervical cancer screening and treatment. This Special Issue welcomes submissions across the broadest interpretation of these issues, including but definitely not restricted to the following:

COVID-19 vaccination progress, particularly among vulnerable subpopulations (e.g., elders, people living with HIV);
HPV vaccination in different geographic regions, particularly low- and lower-middle income countries;
HPV vaccination progress during the COVID-19 pandemic;
Behavioral interventions to support COVID-19 and HPV vaccination;
Long-term evaluations of COVID-19 and HPV vaccination.

Dr. Wangnan Cao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

COVID-19 vaccination
HPV vaccination
human papillomavirus
vaccine hesitancy
vaccination willingness
elderly
vulnerable population

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 927 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of HPV Vaccination on the Incidence of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN2+) in Women Aged 20–25 in the Northern Part of Norway: A 15-Year Study

by Marte Pettersen Mikalsen, Gunnar Skov Simonsen and Sveinung Wergeland Sørbye

Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040421 - 16 Apr 2024

Viewed by 920

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, is a key risk factor for high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer. Since 2009, HPV vaccination has been part of the national immunization program for girls in 7th grade in Norway (women born 1997 and later). This study aimed to assess the impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of high-grade cervical precursors (CIN2+) among women aged 20–25 in Troms and Finnmark over a 15-year period. Materials and Methods: In this time series study, we analyzed cervical screening data from 15,328 women aged 20–25 in Troms and Finnmark, collected between 2008 and 2022. Statistical methods, including linear and logistic regression, were employed to evaluate changes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and worse (CIN2+) incidence and compare risks between vaccine-offered cohorts and pre-vaccine cohorts. Results: The incidence of CIN2+ initially increased from 31 cases per year in 2008 to 110 cases in 2018, then significantly decreased to 44 cases per year by 2022 (p < 0.01). Women in pre-vaccine cohorts had a substantially higher risk of CIN2+ (OR 9.02, 95% CI 5.9–13.8) and CIN3+ (OR 19.6, 95% CI 7.3–52.6). Notably, no vaccinated women with CIN2+ tested positive for HPV types 16 or 18. Furthermore, none of the 13 cervical cancer cases recorded during the study were from the vaccinated cohorts. Interpretation: The findings suggest a significant reduction in the incidence of high-grade cervical precursors following the introduction of the HPV vaccine in Norway’s national immunization program, highlighting its effectiveness in cervical cancer prevention among young women in Northern Norway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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14 pages, 259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determinants of the Implementation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Zambia: Application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

by Mwansa Ketty Lubeya, Carla J. Chibwesha, Mulindi Mwanahamuntu, Moses Mukosha, Bellington Vwalika and Mary Kawonga

Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010032 - 28 Dec 2023

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Abstract

Cervical cancer can be prevented, primarily by the administration of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Healthcare workers (HCWs) and teachers play important roles when schools are used for vaccine delivery; however, challenges exist. This study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination that are perceived by HCWs and teachers. Guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR), key informant interviews were conducted in Lusaka district between June 2021 and November 2021 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and imported into NVIVO 12 for data management and analysis. We coded transcripts inductively and deductively based on the adapted CFIR codebook. We reached saturation with 23 participants. We identified barriers and facilitators across the five CFIR domains. Facilitators included offering the HPV vaccine free of charge, HPV vaccine effectiveness, stakeholder engagement, and timely planning of the HPV vaccination. Barriers included vaccine mistrust due to its perceived novelty, low levels of parental knowledge, myths and misinformation about the vaccine, lack of parental consent to vaccinate daughters, lack of transport for vaccination outreach, lack of staff incentives, and inadequate sensitisation. Using the CFIR as a guiding framework, we have identified implementation barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination among HCWs and teachers. Most of the identified barriers are modifiable, hence it is prudent that these are addressed for a high HPV vaccine uptake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

17 pages, 1084 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Informational Intervention on HPV Vaccination Intention among Heterosexual Men

by Songyang Zhang, Leigh H. Grant, Janet Geipel, Zhihan Cui and Boaz Keysar

Vaccines 2023, 11(11), 1653; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111653 - 27 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1025

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, despite widespread under-vaccination amongst men and the importance of vaccinating both sexes to curb the spread of HPV, research has focused on promoting HPV vaccination predominantly amongst women. Therefore, the current study examines the effectiveness of different informational interventions in promoting vaccination intentions amongst heterosexual men. In a preregistered study of 583 unvaccinated adult men, we randomly assigned participants to one of four informational interventions aimed at promoting awareness of HPV risks and vaccine uptake: (1) risks to oneself (n = 145), (2) risks to their female partner (n = 144), (3) risks to oneself and their female partner (n = 153), and (4) general vaccine information (n = 153). Amongst participants reporting a sexual history (67%), intentions to get vaccinated significantly increased by 10.75 points on a 100-point scale (p < 0.01) after they received information about the risks of HPV for both themselves and their female partner, compared to receiving information about only their own HPV risk. These findings provide valuable guidance for public health officials and policymakers into the effectiveness of different messaging strategies in promoting HPV vaccination amongst adult male populations to increase vaccination rates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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15 pages, 2239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Prognostic Factors for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Rural Community Case–Control Study

by Lara Colomé-Ceballos, Josep Lluís Clua-Espuny, Concepción Ceballos-García, Josep Clua-Queralt, Maria Jesús Pla-Farnós and José Fernández-Sáez

Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1536; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101536 - 28 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1147

Abstract

HPV vaccination coverage rates can vary depending on several factors. The main objective of this study is to identify possible independent prognostic factors that have an impact on HPV vaccination in a rural community, specifically related to sexual and reproductive health. A case–control, retrospective, community-based study was carried out on women aged 15 to 40 in the primary health centers of Southern Catalonia’s Terres de l’Ebre region, Spain, from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. A random sample of 520 women with an average age of 29.3 (SD 7.8) years old was included in the study. Independent prognostic factors: age OR 0.680 (95% CI: 0.635–0.729, p < 0.001), immigrant origin OR 0.215 (95% CI: 0.109–0.422, p < 0.001), and HPV PCR OR 7.402 (95% CI: 2.504–21.880, p < 0.001). The variables that showed a barrier effect for HPV vaccination were age (OR 0.680, 95% CI 0.635–0.729, p < 0.001), and immigrant origin (OR 0.215, 95% CI 0.109–0.422, p < 0.001). The variable that showed a facilitating effect for HPV vaccination was HPV PCR (OR 7.402, 95% CI 2.504–21.880, p < 0.001). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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12 pages, 276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

National HPV Vaccination Program in Poland—Public Awareness, Sources of Knowledge, and Willingness to Vaccinate Children against HPV

by Mateusz Jankowski, Justyna Grudziąż-Sękowska, Iwona Wrześniewska-Wal, Piotr Tyszko, Kuba Sękowski, Janusz Ostrowski, Mariusz Gujski and Jarosław Pinkas

Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1371; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081371 - 16 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1205

Abstract

Since 1 June 2023, a nationwide HPV vaccination program was implemented in Poland. This study aimed to identify factors associated with public awareness of the national HPV vaccination program among adults in Poland and willingness to vaccinate children against HPV. This cross-sectional study was carried out between 14 and 17 July 2023 among 1056 adults in Poland. A self-prepared questionnaire was used. Among the respondents, 51.3% had heard about the free HPV vaccination program. The major source of knowledge on the national HPV vaccination program was TV (62%). Only 31.9% of respondents correctly indicated girls and boys aged 12 and 13 as the HPV-vaccination-eligible population. Willingness to vaccinate children against HPV was declared by 63.3% of respondents. Female gender (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.11–1.81; p < 0.01), age 35–64 years (p < 0.05), having higher education (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.11–1.84; p < 0.01), and living in cities with more than 500,000 residents (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.01–2.28; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with higher odds to hear about the national HPV vaccination program. Age 50 years and over (p < 0.05), having higher education (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09–1.88; p < 0.05), living in cities with more than 500,000 residents (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.14–2.83; p < 0.05), and no children under 18 in the home (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.01–1.89; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with willingness to vaccinate children against HPV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

11 pages, 738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parental Justifications for Not Vaccinating Children or Adolescents against Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

by Eliza S. Rodrigues, Elisa D. T. Mendes and Luciana B. Nucci

Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030506 - 22 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1346

Abstract

Vaccination coverage against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is low compared with uptake of other vaccines in many countries, including Brazil. The aim of this study was to examine the main reasons provided by parents or guardians of a target population that did not have the first dose of HPV vaccine in a small rural Brazilian municipality, and to verify the factors associated with the reasons for non-vaccination. This is a cross-sectional study with interviews based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), conducted with parents and guardians of 177 unvaccinated children or adolescents. The outcome of interest was the main reason for not vaccinating the child/adolescent. The exposure factors of interest were knowledge about HPV and its prevention as well as sociodemographic characteristics. The main justifications for not vaccinating were lack of information (62.2%), fear or refusal (29.9%), and logistical issues (7.9%). The justifications associated with adolescents’ sex, fear, or refusal were mentioned by 39.3% (95% CI: 28.8–50.6%) of parents or guardians of girls and by 21.5% (95% CI: 13.7–31.2%) of parents or guardians of boys. The main barrier to HPV vaccination is lack of information. Further training of health professionals in clarifying the benefits of vaccination and differentiating the risks between boys and girls could encourage uptake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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17 pages, 1070 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Acceptability of HPV Vaccines: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Summary

by María-Teresa Urrutia, Alejandra-Ximena Araya, Macarena Gajardo, Macarena Chepo, Romina Torres and Andrea Schilling

Vaccines 2023, 11(9), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091486 - 14 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1372

Abstract

In 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for use as an effective intervention for reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, its successful implementation is dependent on acceptability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that favor or do not favor the acceptability of HPV vaccines. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research on 16 databases. A total of 32 articles that considered the perspectives of vaccine users, their parents, and the professionals who care for them were reviewed. Synthesis was conducted as described by Sandelowski and Barroso. Results: We used inductive and deductive methods to obtain a total of 22 dimensions, out of which three issues stood out that should be considered to improve acceptability and are formed by three groups of study, namely, information about the vaccine, fears and side effects, and sexuality associated with the vaccine. Conclusions: Acceptability, as well as adherence to HPV vaccination, is a complex concept. This review highlights the perspectives of the three sets of actors involved in the process (i.e., users, parents, and professionals) and views these factors in relation to acceptability as a guide for new interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Progress in COVID-19 and HPV)

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