Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
7.0
7.8
Journals
Vaccines
Special Issues
TLR signaling in Immune Response
share announcement

TLR signaling in Immune Response

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2017) | Viewed by 52150

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paola Massari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Interests: bacterial pathogenicity; vaccines; infectious diseases; inflammation; immune response

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit an original article or a review article for publication in a special issue of:

Vaccines

with focus on:

TLR signaling in Immune Response

Since their discovery in the late ’90, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have redefined and expanded our knowledge of host innate and adaptive immune responses to large number of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens. A large majority of studies have initially focused on TLRs in the context of induction of immune-pathogenesis and even subversion of host immune responses by some organisms, but a growing body of literature has emphasized involvement of TLR-dependent signaling in preventing infections and diseases. In addition to strict pathogenic organisms, TLRs also play a role in control of host responses to the microbiome, and are involved in other conditions such as autoimmune diseases and cancer.

The number of TLR agonists has been exponentially growing in the past two decades and numerous studies have focused on both the mechanisms of ligand recognition and of signaling by these immune receptors, highlighted by continuing seminal reports in the field and the Nobel Prize in 2011 to Drs. Hoffman and Beutler, the discoverers of the Toll-like receptors.

While the study of TLR signaling in immune responses has greatly advanced our understanding of basic immunology, it has also provided an extraordinary opportunity to expand and improve translational approaches directed towards development of therapeutic and preventive strategies in public health. In particular, fields that have greatly benefited from the use of TLR agonists include vaccines and cancer therapies

The set of articles proposed for this Special Issue of Vaccines will examine the role of TLR signaling in induction of innate and acquired protective immunity toward a variety of human and veterinarian diseases, including those caused by pathogen infection, by dysregulated responses to the microbiome, autoimmunity and cancer.

Looking forward to hearing from you.

Dr. Paola Massari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Toll-like Receptors
  • Innate and adaptive immunity
  • Inflammation
  • Immune Evasion
  • Preventive and Therapeutic Strategy
  • Vaccine

Published Papers (5 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

3987 KiB  
Article
Structural and Immunological Characterization of Novel Recombinant MOMP-Based Chlamydial Antigens
by Guillermo Madico, Olga Gursky, Jeff Fairman and Paola Massari
Vaccines 2018, 6(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6010002 - 25 Dec 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5734
Abstract
Chlamydia is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. While infections resolve with antibiotic treatment, this is often neglected in women due to frequent asymptomatic infections, leading to disease progression and severe sequelae (pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility). Development [...] Read more.
Chlamydia is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. While infections resolve with antibiotic treatment, this is often neglected in women due to frequent asymptomatic infections, leading to disease progression and severe sequelae (pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility). Development of a vaccine against Chlamydia is crucial. Whole organism-based vaccines have short-lived activity, serovar/subgroup-specific immunity and can cause adverse reactions in vaccinated subjects. The Chlamydia major outer membrane protein (MOMP) is a prime candidate for a subunit vaccine. MOMP contains four regions of sequence variability (variable domains, VDs) with B-cell and T-cell epitopes that elicit protective immunity. However, barriers for developing a MOMP-based vaccine include solubility, yield and refolding. We have engineered novel recombinant antigens in which the VDs are expressed into a carrier protein structurally similar to MOMP and suitable for recombinant expression at a high yield in a correctly folded and detergent-free form. Using a carrier such as the PorB porin from the human commensal organism N. lactamica, we show that PorB/VD chimeric proteins are immunogenic, antigenic and cross-reactive with MOMP. VDs are unique for each serovar but if combined in a single vaccine, a broad coverage against the major Chlamydia serovars can be ensured. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TLR signaling in Immune Response)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

27 pages, 1478 KiB  
Review
Linkage of Infection to Adverse Systemic Complications: Periodontal Disease, Toll-Like Receptors, and Other Pattern Recognition Systems
by Shannon M. Wallet, Vishwajeet Puri and Frank C. Gibson
Vaccines 2018, 6(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6020021 - 05 Apr 2018
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 7600
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that provide innate immune sensing of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to engage early immune recognition of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Furthermore, TLRs provide a conduit for initiation of non-infectious inflammation following [...] Read more.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that provide innate immune sensing of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to engage early immune recognition of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Furthermore, TLRs provide a conduit for initiation of non-infectious inflammation following the sensing of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) generated as a consequence of cellular injury. Due to their essential role as DAMP and PAMP sensors, TLR signaling also contributes importantly to several systemic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and others. The overlapping participation of TLRs in the control of infection, and pathogenesis of systemic diseases, has served as a starting point for research delving into the poorly defined area of infection leading to increased risk of various systemic diseases. Although conflicting studies exist, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity/metabolic dysfunction have been associated with differing degrees of strength to infectious diseases. Here we will discuss elements of these connections focusing on the contributions of TLR signaling as a consequence of bacterial exposure in the context of the oral infections leading to periodontal disease, and associations with metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TLR signaling in Immune Response)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 229 KiB  
Review
The Emerging Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Malaria
by Parisa Kalantari
Vaccines 2018, 6(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6010013 - 28 Feb 2018
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5529
Abstract
Despite a global effort to develop an effective vaccine, malaria is still a significant health problem. Much of the pathology of malaria is immune mediated. This suggests that host immune responses have to be finely regulated. The innate immune system initiates and sets [...] Read more.
Despite a global effort to develop an effective vaccine, malaria is still a significant health problem. Much of the pathology of malaria is immune mediated. This suggests that host immune responses have to be finely regulated. The innate immune system initiates and sets the threshold of the acquired immune response and determines the outcome of the disease. Yet, our knowledge of the regulation of innate immune responses during malaria is limited. Theoretically, inadequate activation of the innate immune system could result in unrestrained parasite growth. Conversely, hyperactivation of the innate immune system, is likely to cause excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and severe pathology. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as essential receptors which detect signature molecules and shape the complex host response during malaria infection. This review will highlight the mechanisms by which Plasmodium components are recognized by innate immune receptors with particular emphasis on TLRs. A thorough understanding of the complex roles of TLRs in malaria may allow the delineation of pathological versus protective host responses and enhance the efficacy of anti-malarial treatments and vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TLR signaling in Immune Response)
14 pages, 566 KiB  
Review
Interaction between Hepatitis B Virus and Toll-Like Receptors: Current Status and Potential Therapeutic Use for Chronic Hepatitis B
by Zhiyong Ma, Qian Cao, Yong Xiong, Ejuan Zhang and Mengji Lu
Vaccines 2018, 6(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6010006 - 16 Jan 2018
Cited by 59 | Viewed by 8184
Abstract
Immune defense against infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is complex and involves both host innate and adaptive immune systems. It is well accepted that the development of sufficient HBV-specific T cell and B cell responses are required for controlling an HBV [...] Read more.
Immune defense against infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is complex and involves both host innate and adaptive immune systems. It is well accepted that the development of sufficient HBV-specific T cell and B cell responses are required for controlling an HBV infection. However, the contribution of innate immunity to removing HBV has been explored in recent years. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognized as the first line of antiviral immunity because they initiate intracellular signaling pathways to induce antiviral mediators such as interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines. Recent studies show that the activation of TLR-mediated signaling pathways results in a suppression of HBV replication in vitro and in vivo. However, HBV has also evolved strategies to counter TLR responses including the suppression of TLR expression and the blockage of downstream signaling pathways. Antiviral treatment in chronic HBV-infected patients leads to an upregulation of TLR expression and the restoration of its innate antiviral functions. Thus, TLR activation may serve as an additional immunotherapeutic option for treating chronic HBV infection in combination with antiviral treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TLR signaling in Immune Response)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

2351 KiB  
Review
TLR4 Signaling Pathway Modulators as Potential Therapeutics in Inflammation and Sepsis
by Nikolay N. Kuzmich, Konstantin V. Sivak, Vladimir N. Chubarev, Yuri B. Porozov, Tatiana N. Savateeva-Lyubimova and Francesco Peri
Vaccines 2017, 5(4), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040034 - 04 Oct 2017
Cited by 386 | Viewed by 24337
Abstract
Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway plays an important role in initiating the innate immune response and its activation by bacterial endotoxin is responsible for chronic and acute inflammatory disorders that are becoming more and more frequent in developed countries. Modulation of the [...] Read more.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway plays an important role in initiating the innate immune response and its activation by bacterial endotoxin is responsible for chronic and acute inflammatory disorders that are becoming more and more frequent in developed countries. Modulation of the TLR4 pathway is a potential strategy to specifically target these pathologies. Among the diseases caused by TLR4 abnormal activation by bacterial endotoxin, sepsis is the most dangerous one because it is a life-threatening acute system inflammatory condition that still lacks specific pharmacological treatment. Here, we review molecules at a preclinical or clinical phase of development, that are active in inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88 and TLR4-TRIF pathways in animal models. These are low-molecular weight compounds of natural and synthetic origin that can be considered leads for drug development. The results of in vivo studies in the sepsis model and the mechanisms of action of drug leads are presented and critically discussed, evidencing the differences in treatment results from rodents to humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TLR signaling in Immune Response)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-5
Back to TopTop