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Veterinary Sciences
Special Issues
Anesthesia and Analgesia of Aquatic Animals
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Anesthesia and Analgesia of Aquatic Animals

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 6859

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Lysa Pam Posner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
Interests: aquatic animal anesthesia; aquatic animal analgesia
Dr. Julie A. Balko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
Interests: aquatic animal anesthesia; aquatic animal analgesia; aquatic animal euthanasia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquatic animals as taxa are both numerous and diverse in scope, with estimates of almost one million different species in existence. They are frequently encountered in research institutions, zoos and aquaria, households, and field settings and often require veterinary medical care, including anesthesia, analgesia, and/or euthanasia. Considering the variety of species and uses, there is a paucity of objective data surrounding the veterinary care of aquatic animals. An important consideration for this process is the acceptance of the experience of pain and distress in aquatic animals. This necessitates improved understanding of pain pathways, the use and safety of analgesics, and the application of fear-free handling. Finally, with the variety of species and large variations in physiology, there is mounting evidence that many previously used euthanasia practices may be inappropriate for a number of aquatic species. The editors have devoted considerable effort to support the growth of humane practices for aquatic animals through research and continuing education. This issue will highlight recent publications in the evidence-based advancement of anesthetic, analgesic, and euthanasia techniques of aquatic animals to optimize their care and continue to raise the bar for aquatic animal welfare.

Prof. Dr. Lysa Pam Posner
Dr. Julie A. Balko
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • analgesia
  • anesthesia
  • aquatic animal
  • euthanasia
  • fish
  • invertebrate
  • marine mammal

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 244 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effect between Eugenol and 1,8-Cineole on Anesthesia in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata)
by Saransiri Nuanmanee, Preeyanan Sriwanayos, Khemmapat Boonyo, Wasana Chaisri, Banthita Saengsitthisak, Preechaya Tajai and Surachai Pikulkaew
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(4), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040165 - 06 Apr 2024
Viewed by 860
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect between eugenol and 1,8-cineole on anesthesia in female guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Experiment I evaluated the concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/L of eugenol and 0, 100, 200, 300, and [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect between eugenol and 1,8-cineole on anesthesia in female guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Experiment I evaluated the concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/L of eugenol and 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L of 1,8-cineole for times of induction and recovery from anesthesia. Experiment II divided fish into 16 study groups, combining eugenol and 1,8-cineole in pairs at varying concentrations, based on the dosage of the chemicals in experiment I. The results of the anesthesia showed that eugenol induced fish anesthesia at concentrations of 50 and 70 mg/L, with durations of 256.5 and 171.5 s, respectively. In contrast, 1,8-cineole did not induce fish anesthesia. In combination, using eugenol at 12.5 mg/L along with 1,8-cineole at 400 mg/L resulted in fish anesthesia at a time of 224.5 s. Increasing the eugenol concentration to 25 mg/L, combined with 1,8-cineole at 300 and 400 mg/L, induced fish anesthesia at times of 259.0 and 230.5 s, respectively. For treatments with eugenol at 50 mg/L combined with 1,8-cineole at 100 to 400 mg/L, fish exhibited anesthesia at times of 189.5, 181.5, 166.0, and 157.5 s. In the case of eugenol at 75 mg/L, fish showed anesthesia at times of 175.5, 156.5, 140.5, and 121.5 s, respectively. The testing results revealed that 1,8-cineole as a single treatment could not induce fish anesthesia. However, when supplementing 1,8-cineole in formulations containing eugenol, fish exhibited a significantly faster induction of anesthesia (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all fish that underwent anesthesia were able to fully recover without any mortality. However, the shorter anesthesia duration resulted in a significantly prolonged recovery time. In conclusion, eugenol and 1,8-cineole work better together as anesthetics than when used separately, and demonstrated the safety of using these anesthetic agents on guppy fish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anesthesia and Analgesia of Aquatic Animals)
14 pages, 290 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Current Husbandry and Veterinary Care Practices of the Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Using an Online Survey
by Ashley J. Kirby, Julie A. Balko, Caroline E. C. Goertz and Gregory A. Lewbart
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(7), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10070448 - 08 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5259
Abstract
Giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) (GPOs) are commonly housed in zoos or aquaria, and sedation, anesthesia, and/or euthanasia may be indicated for a variety of reasons. Despite this need, evidence-based data on best practices is limited and focuses on smaller or [...] Read more.
Giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) (GPOs) are commonly housed in zoos or aquaria, and sedation, anesthesia, and/or euthanasia may be indicated for a variety of reasons. Despite this need, evidence-based data on best practices is limited and focuses on smaller or more tropical species. The objectives of this study were to survey the aquatic community regarding the husbandry and veterinary care of GPOs, with a specific focus on anesthetic and euthanasia protocols. A two-part web-based survey was distributed to four aquatic and/or veterinary email listservs. Individuals from fifty-two institutions participated in phase one. Results documented that 40 (78 percent) participating institutions currently house GPOs, with most housing one and nine institutions housing two to three GPOs. The median (range) habitat volume is 5405 (1893–16,465) L, and 78 percent of systems are closed. Of the institutions surveyed, 23 have anesthetized or sedated a GPO for nonterminal procedures, including wound care, biopsies, and hemolymph collection. Reported methods of sedation or anesthesia include magnesium chloride, ethanol, isoflurane, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), magnesium sulfate, benzocaine, and dexmedetomidine. Drugs or methods used for euthanasia include magnesium chloride, ethanol, mechanical decerebration, pentobarbital, isoflurane, MS-222, magnesium sulfate, benzocaine, potassium chloride, dexmedetomidine, and freezing. Reported observed side effects include ineffectiveness or inadequate sedation, inking, prolonged drug effects, and behavior changes. Survey data have the potential to guide the husbandry and veterinary care of GPOs and build the framework for future prospective studies on GPO sedation and anesthesia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anesthesia and Analgesia of Aquatic Animals)
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