Topic Editors

Department of Geology, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60440-554, CE, Brazil
Department of Natural Resources, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Grajaú 65940-000, MA, Brazil
Core Laboratories LP, 6316 Windfern Road, Houston, TX 77040, USA

Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins

Abstract submission deadline
closed (31 March 2024)
Manuscript submission deadline
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Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the Topic “Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins”, devoted to a broad spectrum of research in the field, including the origin, storage, pathways and characterization of hydrocarbons, both as traditional economic sources and for several application purposes. Applications may include ways and solutions dealing with greenhouse gases in a wide scope, i.e., from fossil sources to storage in the geological realms.  

In the context of an increasing demand for energy resources and for answers to global warming at the same time, petroleum geology and geochemical research are positioned in the middle of these issues, considering that hydrocarbon sources will remain essential during an energy transition scenario for humankind in the coming decades. Therefore, we are seeking not only alternative sources of energy but also new ways to improve reservoir modeling and recovery of hydrocarbons from both fresh and mature fields, and its unconventional sources, such as shale gas, tight oil, etc.

Our goal for this Topic is to gather topical, high-quality works in a concise collection focusing on petroleum geology and geochemistry, namely geology, geochemistry and mineralogy of conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources, including excellent reviews in these topics.

Dr. Daniel Rodrigues do Nascimento Junior
Dr. Ana Clara Braga de Souza
Dr. Thomas Gentzis
Topic Editors

Keywords

  • organic geochemistry
  • pyrolysis
  • petrophysics
  • well and outcrop data
  • carbon capture and storage
  • stable isotopes

Participating Journals

Journal Name Impact Factor CiteScore Launched Year First Decision (median) APC
Energies
energies
3.0 6.2 2008 17.5 Days CHF 2600
Geosciences
geosciences
2.4 5.3 2011 26.2 Days CHF 1800
Minerals
minerals
2.2 4.1 2011 18 Days CHF 2400
Quaternary
quaternary
2.3 3.3 2018 50 Days CHF 1600

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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17 pages, 6340 KiB  
Article
Shale Oil Generation Conditions and Exploration Prospects of the Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Changling Depression, Songliao Basin, China
by Wenjun Zhang, Wenyu Zhang, Shumin Lin, Xing Ke, Min Zhang and Taohua He
Minerals 2024, 14(9), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090942 - 15 Sep 2024
Viewed by 515
Abstract
Low-maturity shale oil predominates in shale oil resources. China’s onshore shale oil, particularly the Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin, holds significant potential for low-maturity shale oil, presenting promising exploration and development prospects. This study delves into the hydrocarbon generation conditions, reservoir [...] Read more.
Low-maturity shale oil predominates in shale oil resources. China’s onshore shale oil, particularly the Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin, holds significant potential for low-maturity shale oil, presenting promising exploration and development prospects. This study delves into the hydrocarbon generation conditions, reservoir characteristics, and oil-bearing property analysis of the mud shale from the Nen-1 and Nen-2 sub-formations of the Nenjiang Formation to pinpoint favorable intervals for shale oil exploration. Through the integration of lithology, pressure, and fracture distribution data in the study area, favorable zones were delineated. The Nen-1 sub-formation is widely distributed in the Changling Depression, with mud shale thickness ranging from 30 to 100 m and a total organic content exceeding 2.0%. Type I kerogen predominated as the source rock, while some samples contained type II kerogen. Organic microcomponents primarily comprised algal bodies, with vitrinite reflectance (Ro) ranging from 0.5% to 0.8%. Compared to Nen-1 shale, Nen-2 shale exhibited less total organic content, kerogen type, and thermal evolution degree, albeit both are conducive to low-maturity shale oil generation. The Nen-1 and Nen-2 sub-formations predominantly consist of clay, quartz, feldspar, calcite, and pyrite minerals, with minor dolomite, siderite, and anhydrite. Hydrocarbons primarily reside in microfractures and micropores, including interlayer micropores, organic matter micropores, intra-cuticle micropores, and intercrystalline microporosity, with interlayer and intra-cuticle micropores being dominant. The free oil content (S1) in Nen-1 shale ranged from 0.01 mg/g to 5.04 mg/g (average: 1.13 mg/g), while in Nen-2 shale, it ranged from 0.01 mg/g to 3.28 mg/g (average: 0.75 mg/g). The Nen-1 and Nen-2 sub-formations are identified as potential intervals for shale oil exploration. Considering total organic content, oil saturation, vitrinite reflectance, and shale formation thickness in the study area, the favorable zone for low-maturity shale oil generation is primarily situated in the Heidimiao Sub-Depression and its vicinity. The Nen-2 shale-oil-enriched zone is concentrated in the northwest part of the Heidimiao Sub-Depression, while the Nen-1 shale-oil-enriched zone lies in the northeast part. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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21 pages, 11571 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Micropore-Throat Structures in Tight Oil Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Jiufotang Formation in the Houhe Region, NE China
by Guolong Zhang and Chenglong Ma
Minerals 2024, 14(9), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090918 - 6 Sep 2024
Viewed by 575
Abstract
In order to examine further the characteristics of micropore-throat structures of the tight oil reservoir in the Jiufotang Formation in the Houhe region, this study used whole rock X-ray diffraction, routine physical property analysis, and routine thin section observations to analyze the material [...] Read more.
In order to examine further the characteristics of micropore-throat structures of the tight oil reservoir in the Jiufotang Formation in the Houhe region, this study used whole rock X-ray diffraction, routine physical property analysis, and routine thin section observations to analyze the material composition and physical properties of the tight oil reservoir. CT scanning, high-pressure mercury infiltration, and other test methods were employed to analyze the characteristics of the pore-throat structures in the tight oil reservoir. In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficients quantified the relationships between nine parameters and pore-throat structures. The parameters with high correlations were optimized for analysis, and a comprehensive classification scheme for micropore-throat structures in the tight oil reservoir in the study area was established. The results show that the reservoir in the Jiufotang Formation in the Houhe region is composed of feldspathic and lithic arkosic sandstone, with feldspar and clast pore dissolution pores as the main type of reservoir pore space. The tight oil reservoir has small pore-throat radius, complex structures, poor connectivity, and high heterogeneity. It generally contains micron-sized pores with submicron to nanometer throat widths and small- and medium-sized pores to fine micropore-throat structures. Porosity, permeability, coefficient of variation, skewness coefficient, and average pore-throat radius, were selected for k-means cluster analysis. The micropore-throat structures of the tight oil reservoir were divided into three categories: classes I, II, and III. The study area is dominated by class II pore throats, accounting for 58%. Diagenesis mainly controls the pore-throat structure. These results provide an effective reference for the identification and evaluation of favorable sweet spots in tight oil reservoirs in similar blocks in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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17 pages, 4948 KiB  
Article
Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Overpressure Evolution in Deep–Ultradeep Reservoirs in the Case of the Guole Area of the Tarim Basin
by Zhanfeng Qiao, Tianfu Zhang, Ruyue Wang, Yahao Huang, Yifan Xue, Jiajun Chen, Haonan Tian, Anjiang Shen and Chunsong Si
Minerals 2024, 14(8), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080790 - 31 Jul 2024
Viewed by 677
Abstract
Usually, deep oil and gas accumulation is often controlled by strike–slip faults. However, in the Tarim Basin, deep Ordovician oil and gas accumulations are also found in areas far from the fault zone. The process of oil and gas accumulation in deep reservoirs [...] Read more.
Usually, deep oil and gas accumulation is often controlled by strike–slip faults. However, in the Tarim Basin, deep Ordovician oil and gas accumulations are also found in areas far from the fault zone. The process of oil and gas accumulation in deep reservoirs far from strike–slip fault zones is still unclear at present. The source and evolution of Ordovician fluids were analyzed using inclusion geochemical methods and the U–Pb dating technique. The analysis of rare earth elements and carbon–oxygen–strontium isotopes in the reservoirs showed that the reservoirs were weakly modified by diagenetic fluid. The fluid was derived from the fluid formation during the same period as the seawater, and no oxidizing fluid invaded the reservoir. The late oil and gas reservoirs had good sealing properties. The U–Pb dating results combined with homogenization temperature data revealed that the first-stage oil was charged during the Late Caledonian Period, and the second-stage natural gas was charged during the Middle Yanshanian Period. The evolution of the paleo-pressure showed that the charging of natural gas in the Middle Yanshanian was the main reason for the formation of reservoir overpressure. The strike–slip fault zone was basically inactive in the Middle Yanshanian. During this period, the charged natural gas mainly migrated to the reservoir along the unconformity surface and the open strike–slip fault zone in the upper part of the Ordovician reservoir. The source of the fluid shows that the reservoir in the late stage had good sealing properties, and there was no intrusion of exogenous fluid. The overpressure in the reservoir is well preserved at present. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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19 pages, 17422 KiB  
Article
Evaporative Fractionation as the Important Formation Mechanism of Light Oil Reservoirs in the Dongying Depression, NE China
by Rongzhen Qiao, Meijun Li, Donglin Zhang, Zhonghong Chen and Hong Xiao
Energies 2024, 17(15), 3734; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153734 - 29 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 741
Abstract
Light oil, a high-quality energy resource abundant in deep basins, is prevalent in the northern zone of the Dongying Depression. To elucidate the formation mechanism of light oil reservoirs, this study investigates the molecular and stable isotope composition, biomarkers, light hydrocarbons, and diamondoid [...] Read more.
Light oil, a high-quality energy resource abundant in deep basins, is prevalent in the northern zone of the Dongying Depression. To elucidate the formation mechanism of light oil reservoirs, this study investigates the molecular and stable isotope composition, biomarkers, light hydrocarbons, and diamondoid compositions of petroleum. The results reveal that the gas primarily consists of oil-cracking gas from a late filling event, mixed with oil-associated gas generated during the source rock’s “oil window” maturity phase. Methane exhibits enriched light carbon isotopes, indicating noticeable migration fractionation effects. The crude oil in the same deep strata exhibits high maturity, originating from both terrestrial and aquatic organic matter in the source materials. Molar proportions of n-alkanes and light hydrocarbon indices (Tol/nC7, nC7/MCH) indicate significant evaporative fractionation in the petroleum reservoirs. This fractionation process modified early-formed oil reservoirs due to the late filling of highly mature gas reservoirs. The evaporative fractionation at different stages has varying effects on the diamondoid ratio (1- + 2-MA)/(3- + 4-MD). It is considered a pivotal mechanism in the formation of deep condensate reservoirs and volatile oil reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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21 pages, 9618 KiB  
Article
Trace Elements Distribution in the k7 Seam of the Karaganda Coal Basin, Kazakhstan
by Aiman Kopobayeva, Irina Baidauletova, Altynay Amangeldikyzy and Nazym Askarova
Geosciences 2024, 14(6), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14060143 - 24 May 2024
Viewed by 1005
Abstract
We investigated the distribution patterns and evaluated the average contents of trace elements in the k7 seam of the Karaganda coal basin in Central Kazakhstan. This paper presents the results of studying the geochemistry of 34 elements in 85 samples of the [...] Read more.
We investigated the distribution patterns and evaluated the average contents of trace elements in the k7 seam of the Karaganda coal basin in Central Kazakhstan. This paper presents the results of studying the geochemistry of 34 elements in 85 samples of the k7 seam. The study employed a suite of advanced high-resolution analytical methods, including atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP–OES) and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP–MS), along with their processing and interpretation. It was determined that the concentrations of trace elements in the k7 seam are primarily associated with lithophile elements, revealing high concentrations of Li, V, Sc, Zr, Hf, and Ba. Additionally, increased concentrations of Nb, Ta, Se, Te, Ag, and Th were observed compared to the coal Clarke. Specific Nb(Ta)–Zr(Hf)–Li mineralization accompanied by a group of associated metals (Ba, V, Sc, etc.) was identified. The study revealed lateral and vertical heterogeneity of the rare elements’ distributions in coals, attributed to the formation dynamics of the coal basin. A correlation between Li and Al2O3 with a less positive relationship with K2O suggests the affinity of certain elements (Li, Ta, Nb, and Ba) to kaolinite. Clay layers showed increased radioactivity, with Th—13.2 ppm and U—2.6 ppm, indicating the possible presence of volcanogenic pyroclastic rocks characterized by radioactivity. Taken together, these data reveal the features of the rock composition of the source area, which is considered a mineralization source. According to geochemical data, it was found that the source area mainly consists of igneous felsic rocks, indicating that the formation occurred under conditions of a volcanic arc. This study’s novelty lies in estimating the average trace elements in the k7 seam, with elevated concentrations of certain elements that suggest promising prospects for industrial extraction from coals and coal wastes. These findings offer insights into considering coal as a potential source of raw material for rare metal production, guiding the industrial processing of key elements within coal. The potential extraction of metals from coal deposits, including from dumps, holds significance for industrial and commercial technologies, as processing critical coal elements can reduce disposal costs and mitigate their environmental impact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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25 pages, 9492 KiB  
Article
Geochemistry and Petrology of Reservoir and Cap Rocks in Zar-3 Pilot CO2 Storage Complex, SE Czechia
by Juraj Francu, Daniela Ocásková, Petr Pařízek, Jakub Vácha, Miroslav Pereszlényi, Petr Jirman, Vladimír Opletal and Monika Ličbinská
Geosciences 2024, 14(5), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14050119 - 28 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1128
Abstract
The planned pilot CO2 storage Zar-3 is an oil field with a gas cap in the final production stage in the SE Czech Republic. It is composed of a dolomite Jurassic reservoir sealed by three different formations that differ significantly in lithology. [...] Read more.
The planned pilot CO2 storage Zar-3 is an oil field with a gas cap in the final production stage in the SE Czech Republic. It is composed of a dolomite Jurassic reservoir sealed by three different formations that differ significantly in lithology. Previous studies left open questions on the nature of pore space and connectivity and the quality of the seal in the future CO2 storage complex. Microscopic petrography of the reservoir suggests dolomitisation in shallow water followed by karstification and brecciation with fracture-correct-dominated porosity. The seal horizons have porosity limited to the micro- and nanoscales. The oil consists of significantly biodegraded black oil of Jurassic origin mixed with less biodegraded gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Biomarkers in the caprock bitumens trapped in nanopores show a genetic relationship to the reservoir oil. Gas in the not yet fully depleted gas cap of the field is of thermogenic origin with no contribution of microbial methane. The formation water has total dissolved solids typical of isolated brines not diluted by infiltrated fresh water. The geochemical characteristics of the storage system together with the fact that the initial oil column is about 105 m tall with another 150 m of gas cap suggest that the seals are efficient and the Zar-3 future storage complex is tight and safe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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27 pages, 33432 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Faceted Approach to Determining the Provenance of the Lacustrine Rift Basin in the Initial Rifting Stage: A Case Study of the Paleocene Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, East China
by Rui Jiang, Zhen Liu, Shiqiang Xia, Maolin Zhu, Jianxin Tang, Gongyi Wu and Wei Wu
Minerals 2024, 14(4), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040420 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 987
Abstract
Research on the provenance of sedimentary systems is key to better understanding the sedimentary framework and improving exploration-associated decision-making and deployment. With regard to the provenance of sedimentary systems, there is still poor understanding in the initial rifting stage due to imbalanced and [...] Read more.
Research on the provenance of sedimentary systems is key to better understanding the sedimentary framework and improving exploration-associated decision-making and deployment. With regard to the provenance of sedimentary systems, there is still poor understanding in the initial rifting stage due to imbalanced and insufficient exploration and a common lack of seismic data, which have seriously hindered oil exploration in the Qintong Sag, Subei Basin. This study aimed at investigating the provenance in the direction of the fault-terrace zone in the southeast part of the Qintong Sag and aimed to examine whether large-scale sedimentary systems are formed by these sediment sources. Integrated analysis of heavy minerals, sandstone petrologic maturity, drilling cutting dates, 3D seismic data, and well logs was employed to identify the provenance. This study is the first time that large-scale provenance from the direction of the fault-terrace zone has been discovered in the third member of the Paleocene Funing Formation (referred to as the third Mbr of the Funing Fm in this paper) in the Subei Basin, east China. The documentation shows that sediments from the northwest Wubao Low Uplift and the southeast Taizhou Uplift can be distinguished in the Qintong Sag, with the large-scale delta system in the central and eastern part of the Qintong Sag comprising sediments from the Taizhou Uplift, improving upon previous understanding of the sedimentary framework. The deposition formed by the Taizhou Uplift provenance system was characterized by gradual weakening of the hydrodynamic forces, a decreasing sediment supply, and shrinking of the retrogradational delta depositional systems with good reservoir qualities, which are characterized by high-quality source–reservoir–cap combinations and are likely to develop into a hydrocarbon-rich belt. The discovery of the Taizhou Uplift provenance proves that there may be major provenance and large-scale sedimentary systems from the fault-terrace zone of the rift basins in the initial rifting stage. The experience of rapid retrogradation showed that these large-scale delta systems are likely to only flourish in the initial rifting stage. This study is helpful for improving the understanding of sediment provenance and the sedimentary framework of lacustrine rift basins in the initial rifting stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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21 pages, 14051 KiB  
Article
Diagenetic Impact on High-Pressure High-Temperature Reservoirs in Deep-Water Submarine Fan Sandstone of Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
by Lin Hu, Wei Luo and Benben Ma
Minerals 2024, 14(4), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040361 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1003
Abstract
The diagenetic evolution of sandstone is very complicated under the conditions of high temperatures and pressures in deep-water, deep-buried regimes, which have great influence on reservoir quality. This study investigates the typical reservoir target of Neogene deep-water, submarine-fan sandstones under high-temperature, high-pressure regimes [...] Read more.
The diagenetic evolution of sandstone is very complicated under the conditions of high temperatures and pressures in deep-water, deep-buried regimes, which have great influence on reservoir quality. This study investigates the typical reservoir target of Neogene deep-water, submarine-fan sandstones under high-temperature, high-pressure regimes in the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea. Utilizing a thin section, scanning electron microscope (SEM), mineral geochemistry combined with burial history evolution, complex diagenetic events, and main controlling factors of the sandstone in the Neogene Meishan Formation were determined. The results show that the evolution of sandstone reservoirs is initially controlled by depositional framework compositions and subsequently modified by eogenetic and mesogenetic alterations during progressive burial. Eogenetic alterations mainly include the following: (1) mechanical compaction; (2) dissolution of feldspar; (3) low-Fe calcite cementation. Mesogenetic events were identified as the following: (1) dissolution of feldspar; (2) ferroan calcite and ankerite formation; (3) precipitation of quartz and clay mineral. Mechanical compaction is greatly influenced by the original depositional framework composition, and sandstone samples enriched in high contents of detrital clay matrix always experienced extensive mechanical compaction. Different phases of carbonate cement during different diagenetic regimes lead to continuous destruction on reservoir porosity. The dissolution of unstable feldspar minerals during eogenetic and mesogenetic environments leads to the development of secondary porosities and would enhance the quality of the reservoir. Overpressure formation is pervasively developed owing to early disequilibrium compaction and subsequent natural gas charging. Only well-sorted sandstones with low contents of detrital clay matrix could resist early mechanical compaction, lead to ample residual original porosities, and then undergo extensive mineral dissolution to generate sufficient secondary porosities. Subsequently, these porosities would be effectively protected by overpressure formation. Poor-sorted sandstones with high contents of detrital clay matrix would experience strong mechanical compaction and extensive destruction of original porosities. Thus, these sandstones are difficult to have significant dissolution and are unable to be effectively protected by overpressure formation. Therefore, the interplay between the original framework composition and the corresponding diagenetic pathways coupled with overpressure formation would result in strong reservoir heterogeneity for the deep-buried sandstones during progressive burial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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18 pages, 20044 KiB  
Article
New Age Constraints of the Bilong Co Oil Shale in the Qiangtang Basin, Northern Tibet: Evidence from In Situ U–Pb Dating and Palaeontology
by Haowei Zhang, Jian Wang, Ahmed Mansour, Jianyong Zhang, Hengye Wei, Xiugen Fu, Lijun Shen, Shaoyun Xiong, Mohamed S. Ahmed and Thomas Gentzis
Minerals 2024, 14(3), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14030246 - 28 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1342
Abstract
The Bilong Co oil shale is one of the most significant source rocks in the Mesozoic Qiangtang Basin (Northern Tibet); however, its absolute chronology remains controversial. In this study, in situ carbonate U–Pb isotope dating analysis was carried out for the first time. [...] Read more.
The Bilong Co oil shale is one of the most significant source rocks in the Mesozoic Qiangtang Basin (Northern Tibet); however, its absolute chronology remains controversial. In this study, in situ carbonate U–Pb isotope dating analysis was carried out for the first time. Detailed field geological investigations yielded some age-diagnostic ammonites, enabling a re-evaluation of the stratigraphic age of the Bilong Co oil shale. A total of 61 spots of U–Pb isotope dating from the middle part of the Bilong Co oil shale section suggests an average age of 181 ± 13 Ma. Elemental geochemistry and diagenetic analysis indicate that the proposed age represents the early deposition of the calcite, and the oil shale was deposited during the Early Jurassic time. This estimated age is further supported by the newly discovered ammonite assemblage of HildoceratidaeTiltoniceras sp. at the top part of the oil shale section, which confirms the deposition of the oil shale during the Toarcian age of the late Early Jurassic. Consequently, the Bilong Co oil shale can be assigned to the Quse Formation, which is attributed to the Lower Jurassic rather than the Middle Jurassic. The re-assessment of the stratigraphic age of the Bilong Co oil shale is of great significance for regional evaluation and exploration activities of hydrocarbon source rock layers in the Qiangtang Basin as well as for global stratigraphic correlation of the late Early Jurassic Toarcian oceanic anoxic event. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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42 pages, 71568 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Oil and Gas Potential in Vychegda Trough in Connection with the Identification of Potential Petroleum Systems
by Sergey Krivoshchekov and Andrey Botalov
Geosciences 2024, 14(3), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14030057 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1536
Abstract
At present, the study of the oil and gas potential of poorly explored areas of oil and gas basins in the Russian Federation is of great importance due to the possibility of discovering large hydrocarbon accumulations in them. The Vychegda Trough in the [...] Read more.
At present, the study of the oil and gas potential of poorly explored areas of oil and gas basins in the Russian Federation is of great importance due to the possibility of discovering large hydrocarbon accumulations in them. The Vychegda Trough in the north of the Volga–Ural basin is considered to be one of such areas. The research is devoted to the assessment of the oil and gas potential of the Vychegda Trough based on the concept of “petroleum systems”, which is widely used in oil and gas geology. A comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical, petrophysical and geochemical data was carried out, and modern technologies for studying the oil and gas potential of sedimentary basins were applied: paleotectonic, paleogeographic reconstructions and basin modeling. The results of the research allowed us to determine a sufficiently high potential for the discovery of hydrocarbon accumulations and to identify three potential petroleum systems in the basin section: Riphean, Vendian and Devonian–Permian. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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15 pages, 3558 KiB  
Article
Applying Statistical Analysis and Economics Models to Unscramble the Depositional Signals from Chemical Proxies in Black Shales
by Karin Goldberg and Lucas Goldberg Da Rosa
Geosciences 2024, 14(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14020043 - 3 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1540
Abstract
The complex controls on the accumulation of organic-rich rocks remain elusive, despite their economic importance as source rocks and unconventional reservoirs, partially due to the multitude of factors that may impact production and preservation of organic matter in sediments. The complexity of Earth [...] Read more.
The complex controls on the accumulation of organic-rich rocks remain elusive, despite their economic importance as source rocks and unconventional reservoirs, partially due to the multitude of factors that may impact production and preservation of organic matter in sediments. The complexity of Earth systems is comparable to the intricacies of Economics, and application of statistical and econometrics methods and models to analyze geological data may assist interpretation of the processes controlling organic burial. Chemical indices calculated for mudrock datasets from modern sediments and the Woodford Formation were used as proxies for detrital input, primary productivity, redox conditions, and upwelling, and a series of statistical analyses were run to test whether these methods were useful to discriminate different depositional conditions and establish the controls on total organic carbon (TOC) in the sediments. Model results showed that chemical proxies reliably predict not only TOC but also indicate correlations between indices. Our results suggest that detrital input, primary productivity and bottom-water anoxia are relevant drivers of organic content in the sediments, but the first two appear to have a more significant role in organic burial, illustrating the usefulness of these methods to assess depositional parameters in organic-rich rocks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
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23 pages, 16660 KiB  
Article
Organic Matter Assessment and Paleoenvironmental Changes of the Middle Jurassic Main Source Rocks (Khatatba Formation) in the North Western Desert, Egypt: Palynofacies and Palynomorph Perspectives
by Ahmed Mansour, Sameh S. Tahoun, Aya Raafat, Mohamed S. Ahmed, Francisca Oboh-Ikuenobe, Thomas Gentzis and Xiugen Fu
Minerals 2023, 13(4), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13040548 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1985
Abstract
The Middle Jurassic in the north Western Desert, Egypt, was a time of complex tectonics and increased environmental perturbations attributed to the predominant sedimentation of organic carbon-rich fine siliciclastic and carbonate deposits of the Khatatba Formation. Although some studies have addressed the hydrocarbon [...] Read more.
The Middle Jurassic in the north Western Desert, Egypt, was a time of complex tectonics and increased environmental perturbations attributed to the predominant sedimentation of organic carbon-rich fine siliciclastic and carbonate deposits of the Khatatba Formation. Although some studies have addressed the hydrocarbon potential and source rock characteristics of the Khatatba Formation, a regional-scale investigation of the prevalent paleoenvironmental conditions and organic matter characteristics is still necessary. In this study, the Khatatba Formation is investigated for detailed palynofacies analysis and palynomorph composition to assess organic matter kerogen types and reconstruct the depositional paleoenvironmental patterns on a regional scale. For this purpose, 116 drill cuttings were collected from five wells in the Matruh, Shushan, and Dahab-Mireir Basins. Moderately diverse assemblages of spores, pollen, and dinoflagellate cysts are reported. Age-diagnostic dinoflagellate cysts, including Adnatosphaeridium caulleryi, Dichadogonyaulax sellwoodii, Korystocysta gochtii, Wanaea acollaris, and Pareodinia ceratophora, along with occasional records of Systematophora areolate and Systematophora penicillate, defined a Bajocian–Callovian age. Based on particulate organic matter (POM) composition, four palynofacies assemblages (PFAs) are identified. PFA-1 is the most common within the Khatatba Formation in the five studied wells. It contains high proportions of phytoclast fragments versus low contents of amorphous organic matter (AOM) and palynomorphs and is defined by a gas-prone kerogen Type III. PFA-2 is comprised of moderate abundances of AOM and phytoclast characteristics of oil-prone kerogen Type II. PFA-3 is dominated by phytoclasts and moderate to low proportions of AOM and palynomorphs of kerogen Type III, whereas PFA-4 consists of AOM and palynomorphs defining kerogen Type II. PFA-1 indicates predominant deposition in proximal active fluvio-deltaic sources to marginal marine conditions with enhanced contributions of terrestrial/riverine influx. PFA-2 and PFA-3 reveal deposition under an enhanced dysoxic to anoxic proximal inner neritic shelf due to the abundant occurrences of spores and coastal to shallow marine dinoflagellate cysts. PFA-4 suggests deposition under enhanced suboxic to anoxic distal inner neritic conditions because of enhanced AOM and abundant proximate and some chorate dinoflagellate cysts. Thus, the Middle Jurassic experienced a predominantly marginal to shallow water column in this part of the southern margin of the Tethyan Ocean where the Matruh, Shushan, and Dahab-Mireir Basins were located. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Basins)
(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Exploration Methods and Applications)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Geochemistry of greenhouse gases exhaling from soils on the pimenteiras formation (brazil): origin of the organic matter and environmental impact
Authors: Ana Clara Braga de Souza, Daniel Rodrigues do Nascimento Junior et al.

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