Improving the Fermentation Production of the Individual Key Triterpene Ganoderic Acid Me by the Medicinal Fungus Ganoderma lucidum in Submerged Culture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Production of GA-Me under Non-Optimized Culture Conditions
2.2. Optimization of GA-Me Production by CCD and RSM
2.2.1. Response Surface Analysis for the Optimization of Culture Condition Levels
Independent variables | Range and levels | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
−1.682 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1.682 | |
Glucose, x1 (g·L−1) | 36.59 | 40.0 | 45.0 | 50.0 | 53.41 |
Peptone, x2 (g·L−1) | 3.32 | 4.00 | 5.0 | 6.00 | 6.68 |
Fermentation time, x3 (h) | 265.91 | 300 | 13 | 400 | 434.09 |
Runs | Coded values | YGA-Me (mg·L−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Factor x1 | Factor x2 | Factor x3 | ||
1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 4.9 |
2 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 9.9 |
3 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 4.1 |
4 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 7.4 |
5 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 6.9 |
6 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 10.5 |
7 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 5.1 |
8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6.7 |
9 | −1.682 | 0 | 0 | 6.1 |
10 | 1.682 | 0 | 0 | 8.1 |
11 | 0 | −1.682 | 0 | 7.0 |
12 | 0 | 1.682 | 0 | 6.7 |
13 | 0 | 0 | −1.682 | 3.1 |
14 | 0 | 0 | 1.682 | 11.2 |
15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.9 |
16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.8 |
17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.8 |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.5 |
19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.9 |
20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.2 |
Regression | DF | Sum of Squares | R-Square | F value | Pr > F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linear | 3 | 63.2143 | 0.7614 | 34.16 | <0.0001 ** |
Quadratic | 3 | 10.0708 | 0.1213 | 5.44 | 0.0177 * |
Crossproduct | 3 | 3.5738 | 0.0430 | 1.93 | 0.1886 |
Total model | 9 | 76.8589 | 0.9257 | 13.84 | 0.0002 ** |
Factor | DF | Sum of Squares | Mean Square | F value | Pr > F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
x1 | 4 | 8.3684 | 2.0921 | 3.39 | 0.0534 |
x2 | 4 | 13.8737 | 3.4684 | 5.62 | 0.0123 * |
x3 | 4 | 60.1597 | 15.0399 | 24.38 | <0.0001 ** |
Parameter | DF | Coefficients estimated | Standard error | t value | Pr > |t| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 1 | 8.5169 | 0.3203 | 26.59 | <0.0001 ** |
x1 | 1 | 0.4586 | 0.2125 | 2.16 | 0.0563 |
x2 | 1 | −0.6886 | 0.2125 | −3.24 | 0.0089 ** |
x3 | 1 | 1.9860 | 0.2125 | 9.34 | <0.0001 ** |
x1x1 | 1 | −0.5021 | 0.2069 | −2.43 | 0.0356 * |
x1x2 | 1 | −0.2875 | 0.2777 | −1.04 | 0.3249 |
x2x2 | 1 | −0.5905 | 0.2069 | −2.85 | 0.0171 * |
x1x3 | 1 | −0.3875 | 0.2777 | −1.40 | 0.1931 |
x2x3 | 1 | −0.4625 | 0.2777 | −1.67 | 0.1268 |
x3x3 | 1 | −0.4844 | 0.2069 | −2.34 | 0.0412 * |
2.2.2. Interaction among the Factors and Selection of Their Optimum Levels
2.2.3. Verification of the Models in Flask Culture and Bioreactor Culture
Culture systems | Cell density (g·L−1) | GA-Me content in Cell (μg/100 mg DW) | GA-Me production in Cell (mg·L−1) | GA-Me production in fermented broth (mg·L−1) | Final glucose concentration (g·L−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flask culture | 11.3 ± 0.2 | 42.7 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 7.6 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.3 |
Bioreactor culture | 9.1 ± 0.5 | 33.9 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 8.3 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.6 |
3. Experimental
3.1. Microorganism
3.2. Liquid Shake Culture
3.3. Bioreactor Culture
3.4. Determination of Dry Cell Weight
3.5. Measurement of GA-Me
3.6. RSM Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
- Sample Availability: Not available.
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Liu, G.-Q.; Wang, X.-L.; Han, W.-J.; Lin, Q.-L. Improving the Fermentation Production of the Individual Key Triterpene Ganoderic Acid Me by the Medicinal Fungus Ganoderma lucidum in Submerged Culture. Molecules 2012, 17, 12575-12586. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171112575
Liu G-Q, Wang X-L, Han W-J, Lin Q-L. Improving the Fermentation Production of the Individual Key Triterpene Ganoderic Acid Me by the Medicinal Fungus Ganoderma lucidum in Submerged Culture. Molecules. 2012; 17(11):12575-12586. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171112575
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Gao-Qiang, Xiao-Ling Wang, Wen-Jun Han, and Qin-Lu Lin. 2012. "Improving the Fermentation Production of the Individual Key Triterpene Ganoderic Acid Me by the Medicinal Fungus Ganoderma lucidum in Submerged Culture" Molecules 17, no. 11: 12575-12586. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171112575