Copper Ion Attenuated the Antiproliferative Activity of Di-2-pyridylhydrazone Dithiocarbamate Derivative; However, There Was a Lack of Correlation between ROS Generation and Antiproliferative Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Antiproliferative Effect of DpdtpA
2.2. New Species Determined by the Spectral Study
2.3. DpdtpA and Its Copper Complex (DpdtpA–Cu) Induced ROS Generation
2.4. Cellular DNA Fragmentation by DpdtpA and Its Copper Complex
2.5. DpdtpA and Its Copper Complex Induced Cellular Apoptosis
2.6. The Effect of DpdtpA and Its Copper Complex on the Cell Cycle
2.7. The Change in Lysosomal (Autophagosome) Membrane Permeability (LMP) in Cells upon Exposure to DpdtpA and Its Copper Complex
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. General Information
4.2. Preparation of Di-2-pyridylhydrazone Dithiocarbamate S-propionic Acid (DpdtpA)
4.3. Cytotoxicity Assay (MTT Assay)
4.4. Determination of the Molar Ratio of DpdtpA to Copper(II) Involved in the Formation of the Complex
4.5. ROS Detection in Vitro and in Vivo
4.6. Comet Assay
4.7. Western Blotting Analysis
4.8. Cell Cycle Analysis
4.9. DpdtpA and Its Copper Complex Induced Autophagy
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide |
DpdtpA | Di-2-pyridylhydrazone dithiocarbamate S-propionic acid |
DpdtpA–Cu | Copper complex of di-2-pyridylhydrazone dithiocarbamate S-propionic acid |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
ECM | Extracellular matrix |
NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance |
IR | Infrared |
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Wang, T.; Fu, Y.; Huang, T.; Liu, Y.; Wu, M.; Yuan, Y.; Li, S.; Li, C. Copper Ion Attenuated the Antiproliferative Activity of Di-2-pyridylhydrazone Dithiocarbamate Derivative; However, There Was a Lack of Correlation between ROS Generation and Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules 2016, 21, 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21081088
Wang T, Fu Y, Huang T, Liu Y, Wu M, Yuan Y, Li S, Li C. Copper Ion Attenuated the Antiproliferative Activity of Di-2-pyridylhydrazone Dithiocarbamate Derivative; However, There Was a Lack of Correlation between ROS Generation and Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules. 2016; 21(8):1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21081088
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Tingting, Yun Fu, Tengfei Huang, Youxun Liu, Meihao Wu, Yanbin Yuan, Shaoshan Li, and Changzheng Li. 2016. "Copper Ion Attenuated the Antiproliferative Activity of Di-2-pyridylhydrazone Dithiocarbamate Derivative; However, There Was a Lack of Correlation between ROS Generation and Antiproliferative Activity" Molecules 21, no. 8: 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21081088