New Trends in Biopolymer-Based Membranes for Pervaporation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biopolymers: The Promising Materials in Membrane Preparation for Pervaporation Operations
2.1. Chitosan-Based Membranes
2.2. Sodium Alginate-Based Membranes
2.3. Other Biopolymer Membranes
3. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Am | Membrane area |
β | separation factor |
CNs | g-C3N4 nanosheets |
CS | Chitosan |
D | Diffusivity |
EG | Ethylene glycol |
GA | Glutaraldehyde |
GO | Graphene oxide |
J | Permeate flux |
JA | Permeate flux of the compound A |
K+MMT | Potassium montmorillonite |
mA | Mass of the molecule A |
MeOH | Methanol |
MTBE | Methyl tert-butyl ether |
MMM | Mixed matrix membrane |
MOF | Metal-organic framework |
PEG | Poly(ethylene glycol) |
PHB | Polyhydroxybutyrate |
PLA | Polylactic acid |
POSS | Polyoctahedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes |
PV | Pervaporation |
PVA | Polyvinyl alcohol |
PVMR | Pervaporation membrane reactor |
PAN | Polyacrylonitrile |
PVDF | Polyvinylidene fluoride |
PDMS | Polydimethylsiloxane |
POMS | Polyoctylmethyl siloxane |
P | Permeability |
S | Solubility |
SA | Sodium alginate |
SPVA | sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol |
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Azeotropic Mixture | Type of Separation | Membrane Used | Membrane Type | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Water/ethanol | Water-organic | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Hydrophilic | [10,11] |
Water/isopropanol | Water-organic | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Hydrophilic | [12] |
Ethanol/water | Organic-water | Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) | Hydrophilic | [13] |
Ethanol/water | Organic-water | Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) | Hydrophobic | [14] |
Ethanol/water | Organic-water | Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) | Hydrophobic | [15,16] |
Butanol/water | Organic-water | Polyoctylmethyl siloxane (POMS) | Hydrophobic | [17] |
Toluene/methanol | Organic-organic | Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) rubber | Hydrophobic | [18] |
Toluene/n-heptane | Organic-organic | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Hydrophilic | [19] |
Methanol/MTBE | Organic-organic | Polyimide | Hydrophilic | [20] |
Methanol/MTBE | Organic-organic | Polyamide-6 | Hydrophilic | [7] |
Polymer Matrix: | Filler: | PV Separation: | Operating Conditions: | Performance Unfilled Membrane | Performance Filled Membrane | Reference: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS/PVP | Silica | MeOH-EG | 60 °C, 6 wt.% MeOH, 10 mbar | J: 0.15 kg/m2 h β:500 | At 28.4 wt.% loading: J: 0.06 kg/m2 h β: 6000 | [45] |
SA | PEG-POSS | Water-EtOH | 77 °C, 10 wt.% water, 3 mbar | J: 1.8 kg/m2 h β:900 | At 30 wt.% loading: J: 2.5 kg/m2 h β: 1077 | [46] |
CS/PVP | BTEE | MeOH-EG | 60 °C, 6 wt.% MeOH, 10 mbar | J: 0.04 kg/m2 h β:500 | At 10.4 wt.% loading: J: 0.05 kg/m2 h β:6129 | [47] |
CS | Titania | Water-EtOH | 77 °C, 10 wt.% water, 30 mbar | J: 1.500 kg/m2 h β:200 | At 14 wt.% loading: J: 1.403 kg/m2 h β: 730 | [44] |
SA | GO dots | Water-EtOH | 76 °C, 10 wt.% water, 0 mbar | J: 1.500 kg/m2 h β:500 | At 2 wt.% loading: J: 2.4 kg/m2 h β: 1152 | [48] |
CS | ZIF-7 | Water-EtOH | 25 °C, 10 wt.% water | J: 0.600 kg/m2 h β:148 | At 5 wt.% loading: J: 0.322 kg/m2 h β:2812 | [49] |
CS | ETS-10 | Water-EtOH | 50 °C, 15 wt.% water, 2 mbar | J: 0.450 kg/m2 h β:47 | At 5 wt.% loading: J: 0.550 kg/m2 h β:30 | [50] |
CS | TEOS | Water-EtOH | 30 °C, 50 wt.% water | - | At 10 wt.% loading: J: 0.720 kg/m2 h β:450 | [51] |
SA | g-C3N4 nanosheets | Water-EtOH | 76 °C, 10 wt.% water, 3 mbar | J: 1.500 kg/m2 h β:500 | At 3 wt.% loading: J: 2.4 kg/m2 h β:1653 | [52] |
CS | ZIF-8 | Water-IPA | 25 °C, 15 wt.% water, 0.05 mbar | J: 0.325 kg/m2 h β:800 | At 2.5 wt.% loading: J: 0.280 kg/m2 h β:800 | [53] |
CS | K+MMT | Water-AC | 50 °C, 5 wt.% water, 0.03 mbar | J: 1.5 kg/m2 h β:250 | At 10 wt.% loading: J: 1.7 kg/m2 h β:2200 | [54] |
CS | MOF-801 | Water-EtOH | 70 °C, 10 wt.% water, 3 mbar | J: 1.00 kg/m2 h β:700 | At 4.8 wt.% loading: J: 1.100 kg/m2 h β:2156 | [55] |
CS | SiO2 xerogel | Water-BuOH | 25 °C, 10 wt.% water | J: 0.400 kg/m2 h β:500 | At 0.25 wt.% loading: J: 0.500 kg/m2 h β:1900 | [56] |
CS | NaY | Water-IPA | 30 °C, 10 wt.% water, 10 mbar | J: 0.05 kg/m2 h β:2000 | At 40 wt.% loading: J: 0.113 kg/m2 h β:11,000 | [57] |
SA | MoS2 | Water-EtOH | 77 °C, 10 wt.% water, 1 mbar | J: 1.2 kg/m2 h β:650 | At 2 wt.% loading: J: 1.83 kg/m2 h β:1229 | [58] |
CS | TGDMP | Water-IPA | 30 °C, 10 wt.% water, 10 mbar | J: 0.35 kg/m2 h β:600 | At 1.2 wt.% loading: J: 0.737 kg/m2 h β:1050 | [59] |
PLA | - | MeOH-MTBE | 40 °C, 14.3 wt.% MeOH, 6.1 mbar | J: 0.090 kg/m2 h β:75 | - | [60] |
CS | MXene | Water-DMC | 50 °C, 2 wt.% water, 2 mbar | J: 1.0 kg/m2 h β:400 | At 3.0 wt.% loading: J: 1.4 kg/m2 h β:900 | [61] |
CS | Al-MOF | Water-EtOH | 25 °C, 10wt.% water | J: 0.383 kg/m2 h β:240 | At 5 wt.% loading: J: 0.458 kg/m2 h β:2741 | [62] |
CS | Ag+ grafted MWNTs | Ben-C-Hex | 20 °C, 50 wt.% benzene | J: 0.100 kg/m2 h β:4.5 | At 1.5 wt.% loading: J: 0.357 kg/m2 h β:7.89 | [63] |
CS | S-CMS | Water-AC | 50 °C, 5 wt.% water, 0.03 mbar | J: 1.10 kg/m2 h β:480 | At 2 wt.% loading: J: 1.81 kg/m2 h β:832 | [64] |
CS | r-GO | Water-MeOH | 30 °C, 10 wt.% water, 0.03 mbar | J: 0.230 kg/m2 h | At 1 wt.% loading: J: 340 kg/m2 h | [65] |
CS/PVA | NH2- MWNTs | Water-IPA | 25 °C, 30 wt.% water, 24 mbar | J: 1.80 kg/m2 h β:5 | At 10 wt.% loading: J: 0.80 kg/m2 h β:99.5 | [66] |
Mixed Matrix Membrane | Filler Loading: | J (kg m−2 h−1) | Separation Factor β) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cross-linked PVA-filled GO | 1 wt.% | 0.137 | 263 | [10] |
Polyimide-filled ZIF-8 | 12 wt.% | 0.260 | 300 | [67] |
PVA-filled MWCNT | 5 wt.% | 0.080 | 500 | [11] |
Polyimide-filled MSS-1 | 12 wt.% | 0.310 | 190 | [67] |
Cross-linked PVA-filled ZIF-8-NH2 | 7.5 wt.% | 0.120 | 200 | [68] |
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Castro-Muñoz, R.; González-Valdez, J. New Trends in Biopolymer-Based Membranes for Pervaporation. Molecules 2019, 24, 3584. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193584
Castro-Muñoz R, González-Valdez J. New Trends in Biopolymer-Based Membranes for Pervaporation. Molecules. 2019; 24(19):3584. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193584
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastro-Muñoz, Roberto, and José González-Valdez. 2019. "New Trends in Biopolymer-Based Membranes for Pervaporation" Molecules 24, no. 19: 3584. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193584