Selection of Optimal Operating Conditions for Extraction of Myrtus Communis L. Essential Oil by the Steam Distillation Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
Design of Experiments and Optimization Technique
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. Obtaining Essential Oils
3.2.2. Design of Experiments and Optimization Techniques
Taguchi Technique
3.2.3. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: No samples of the compounds are available from the authors. |
Trials No. | Input Variables Coded Level (Physical Level) | Response | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 (%) | X2 (min) | X3 (mm) | Y (mL) | ||
Obs. | Pre. | ||||
1 | 1 (50) | 1 (60) | 1 (10) | 280 | 309 |
2 | 3 (100) | 1 (60) | 1 (10) | 730 | 675 |
3 | 1 (50) | 3 (90) | 1 (10) | 295 | 248 |
4 | 3 (100) | 3 (90) | 1 (10) | 760 | 796 |
5 | 1 (50) | 1 (60) | 3 (30) | 275 | 308 |
6 | 3 (100) | 1 (60) | 3 (30) | 745 | 674 |
7 | 1 (50) | 3 (90) | 3 (30) | 270 | 247 |
8 | 3 (100) | 3 (90) | 3 (30) | 740 | 795 |
9 | 1 (50) | 2 (75) | 2 (20) | 285 | 336 |
10 | 3 (100) | 2 (75) | 2 (20) | 750 | 793 |
11 | 2 (75) | 1 (60) | 2 (20) | 545 | 538 |
12 | 2 (75) | 3 (90) | 2 (20) | 590 | 568 |
13 | 2 (75) | 2 (75) | 1 (10) | 560 | 519 |
14 | 2 (75) | 2 (75) | 3 (30) | 540 | 518 |
15 | 2 (75) | 2 (75) | 2 (20) | 555 | 565 |
Responses | Sources of Variation | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Squares | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y | Regression | 4704598 | 4 | 1176150 2232 | 526.94 | <0.0001 |
Residual | 24552 | 11 | ||||
Total | 4729150 | 15 |
Run Order | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S/N (dB) | 48.94 | 57.26 | 49.36 | 57.61 | 48.78 | 57.44 | 48.62 | 57.38 | 49.0 | 57.50 | 54.72 | 55.41 | 54.96 | 54.64 | 54.88 |
Control Factors (Independent Variables) | Y | |
---|---|---|
“Larger—the—Better” | Effect Size | |
X1 | 3 | 3.662 |
X2 | 2 | 0.438 |
X3 | 2 | 0.545 |
S/N expected (dB) | 58.42 | |
S/N observed (dB) | 57.50 |
RT | Compound Name | SI | RSI | CAS Number | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
12.99 | α-Phellandrene | 931 | 970 | 1529-99-3 | 0.24 |
13.38 | α-Pinene | 985 | 987 | 80-56-8 | 33.14 |
14.19 | cis-Ocimene | 681 | 786 | 6874-10-8 | 0.06 |
15.49 | Δ-3-Carene | 976 | 976 | 13466-78-9 | 0.43 |
15.96 | β-Pinene | 674 | 810 | 127-91-3 | 0.09 |
16.82 | γ-Terpinene | 958 | 978 | 99-85-4 | 0.29 |
18.08 | Eucalyptol | 984 | 985 | 470-82-6 | 55.09 |
20.73 | α-Terpineolene | 875 | 923 | 586-62-9 | 0.17 |
21.50 | Linalool | 978 | 980 | 78-70-6 | 1.79 |
24.44 | trans-Pinocarveol | 897 | 956 | 547-61-5 | 0.13 |
26.43 | α-Terpineol | 782 | 936 | 10482-56-1 | 0.06 |
27.00 | Terpinen-4-ol | 907 | 966 | 562-74-3 | 0.15 |
28.00 | β-Fenchyl alcohol | 938 | 955 | 470-08-6 | 3.20 |
33.73 | trans-Pinocarvyl acetate | 781 | 931 | 1686-15-3 | 0.12 |
35.27 | 3(10)-Caren-4-ol, acetoacetic acid ester | 862 | 862 | NA | 1.08 |
36.50 | α-Terpinenyl acetate | 958 | 988 | 80-26-2 | 1.93 |
38.47 | β-Elemene | 759 | 891 | 515-13-9 | 0.04 |
39.15 | Linalyl acetate | 747 | 876 | 115-95-7 | 0.14 |
40.14 | trans-Caryophyllene | 955 | 970 | 87-44-5 | 0.19 |
41.96 | α-Humulene | 872 | 940 | 6753-98-6 | 0.08 |
48.07 | Caryophyllene oxide | 738 | 893 | 1139-30-6 | 0.06 |
Input Variables | Coded Symbol | Coded and Uncoded Variation Levels | ||
Low (1) | Middle (2) | High (3) | ||
Boiler occupancy rate, (%) | X1 | 50 | 75 | 100 |
Duration of distillation, (min) | X2 | 60 | 75 | 90 |
Particle size, (mm) | X3 | 10 | 20 | 30 |
Response | Coded Symbol | Constraint | ||
Essential oil volume (mL) | Y | Maximize |
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Kaya, D.A.; Ghica, M.V.; Dănilă, E.; Öztürk, Ş.; Türkmen, M.; Albu Kaya, M.G.; Dinu-Pîrvu, C.-E. Selection of Optimal Operating Conditions for Extraction of Myrtus Communis L. Essential Oil by the Steam Distillation Method. Molecules 2020, 25, 2399. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102399
Kaya DA, Ghica MV, Dănilă E, Öztürk Ş, Türkmen M, Albu Kaya MG, Dinu-Pîrvu C-E. Selection of Optimal Operating Conditions for Extraction of Myrtus Communis L. Essential Oil by the Steam Distillation Method. Molecules. 2020; 25(10):2399. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102399
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaya, Durmuş Alpaslan, Mihaela Violeta Ghica, Elena Dănilă, Şevket Öztürk, Musa Türkmen, Mădălina Georgiana Albu Kaya, and Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu. 2020. "Selection of Optimal Operating Conditions for Extraction of Myrtus Communis L. Essential Oil by the Steam Distillation Method" Molecules 25, no. 10: 2399. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102399