Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Hemostatic Studies of Extract and Four Fractions from Paulownia Clone in Vitro 112 Leaves in Human Plasma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.1.1. Plant Material
2.1.2. Preparation of the Extract and Fractions
2.1.3. LC-MS Analyses
2.1.4. Preparation of Stock Solutions for Bioassay
2.1.5. Isolation of Human Plasma
2.2. Parameters of Oxidative Stress
2.2.1. Lipid Peroxidation Measurement
2.2.2. Carbonyl Group Measurement
2.2.3. Thiol Group Measurement
2.2.4. Parameters of Coagulation
The Measurement of Prothrombin Time
The Measurement of Thrombin Time
The Measurement of APTT
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Composition of Paulownia Clone in Vitro 112 Extract and Fractions
3.2. Effects on Parameters of Oxidative Stress in Human Plasma
3.3. Effects on Hemostatic Parameters of Human Plasma
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
TBARS | thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
APTT | the activated partial thromboplastin time |
PT | the prothrombin time |
TT | the thrombin time |
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors. |
Compound | Phenolic Compounds (mg·g−1 ± SD) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extract | Fraction A | Fraction B | Fraction C | Fraction D | |
caffeic acid-Hex-dHex | 2.7 ± 0.10 * | 6.9 ± 0.08 * | 26.8 ± 1.86 * | ||
luteolin-HexA-HexA | 6.9 ± 0.47 $ | 17.0 ± 0.75 $ | 28.4 ± 1.68 $ | 38.1 ± 1.44 $ | Traces |
hydroxyverbascoside | 7.2 ± 0.23 * | 16.2 ± 0.22 * | 31.8 ± 2.04 * | 28.0 ± 1.01 * | 1.1 ± 0.01 * |
hydroxyverbascoside | 7.9 ± 0.27 * | 17.9 ± 0.34 * | 34.3 ± 2.11 * | 31.3 ± 1.17 * | 1.3 ± 0.03 * |
apigenin-HexA-HexA | 14.2 ± 0.45 $ | 30.7 ± 0.27 $ | 31.0 ± 1.88 $ | 80.5 ± 3.20 $ | Traces |
methoxyverbascoside | 17.4 ± 0.65 * | 36.4 ± 0.41 * | 45.6 ± 2.83 * | 84.3 ± 2.91 * | 1.5 ± 0.10 * |
verbascoside | 74.6 ± 4.88 | 164.9 ± 1.81 | 154.1 ± 9.94 | 424.7 ± 14.23 | 4.5 ± 0.10 |
other phenolics | 74.5 ± 5.90 * | 163.7 ± 1.73 * | 26.9 ± 2.03 * | 56.2 ± 4.21 * | 691.7 ± 5.73 * |
total phenolics | 205.5 ± 6.41 | 453.7 ± 5.22 | 379.0 ± 24.25 | 743.1 ± 25.96 | 700.0 ± 5.76 |
Compound | Iridoids (mg·g−1 ± SD) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Extract | Fraction A | Fraction B | |
Catalpol | 0.66 ± 0.007 | 1.52 ± 0.046 | Traces |
7-hydroxytomentoside/aucubin | 14.50 ± 0.271 * | 25.41 ± 0.440 * | 19.77 ± 0.415 * |
total iridoids | 15.16 ± 0.274 * | 26.93 ± 0.484 * | 19.77 ± 0.415 * |
Compounds | Triterpenoids (mg·g−1 ± SD) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Extract | Fraction A | Fraction D | |
total C30H48O6-Hex | 1.36 ± 0.015 *,# | 2.82 ± 0.015 *,# | 7.19 ± 0.223 *,# |
total C30H48O6 | 0.19 ± 0.033 * | 0.41 ± 0.031 * | 1.65 ± 0.023 * |
total C30H48O5 | 1.15 ± 0.130 * | 0.99 ± 0.076 * | 0.53 ± 0.010 * |
maslinic acid (C30H48O4) | 0.33 ± 0.044 | traces | Traces |
other C30H48O4 | 0.54 ± 0.060 * | traces | Traces |
total C30H48O3 | 0.08 ± 0.007 * | ||
total triterpenoids | 3.65 ± 0.278 | 4.23 ± 0.121 | 9.36 ± 0.010 |
Type of Extract and Fraction from Paulownia Clon In Vitro 112 Leaves | Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation (%) | Inhibition of Protein Carbonylation (%) |
---|---|---|
Extract (a) | 18.7 ± 6.7 | - |
Fraction A (b) | 20.1 ± 5.5 (p > 0.05 b vs. a) | 16.7 ± 3.4 (p < 0.05 b vs. a) |
Fraction B (c) | 23.9 ± 4.9 (p > 0.05 c vs. a, b) | 15.4 ± 7.2 (p < 0.05 c vs. a; p > 0.05 c vs. b) |
Fraction C (d) | 38.2 ± 4.4 (p < 0.05 d vs. a, b, c) | 42.4 ± 8.9 (p < 0.05 d vs. a, b, c) |
Fraction D (e) | 32.2 ± 5.2 (p < 0.05 e vs. a, b, c; p > 0.05 e vs. d) | 56.7 ± 10.4 (p < 0.05 e vs. a, b, c; p > 0.05 e vs. d) |
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Adach, W.; Żuchowski, J.; Moniuszko-Szajwaj, B.; Szumacher-Strabel, M.; Stochmal, A.; Olas, B.; Cieslak, A. Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Hemostatic Studies of Extract and Four Fractions from Paulownia Clone in Vitro 112 Leaves in Human Plasma. Molecules 2020, 25, 4371. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194371
Adach W, Żuchowski J, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B, Szumacher-Strabel M, Stochmal A, Olas B, Cieslak A. Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Hemostatic Studies of Extract and Four Fractions from Paulownia Clone in Vitro 112 Leaves in Human Plasma. Molecules. 2020; 25(19):4371. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194371
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdach, Weronika, Jerzy Żuchowski, Barbara Moniuszko-Szajwaj, Malgorzata Szumacher-Strabel, Anna Stochmal, Beata Olas, and Adam Cieslak. 2020. "Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Hemostatic Studies of Extract and Four Fractions from Paulownia Clone in Vitro 112 Leaves in Human Plasma" Molecules 25, no. 19: 4371. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194371