Ethylene Induction of Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Antioxidants in Matricaria chamomilla
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Effect of Ethephon on PAL Activity and Phenylpropanoids Accumulation
2.2. Role of Chlorogenic Acid Derivatives in Chamomile Plant Physiology and Their Antioxidant Potential
2.3. Molecular Modelling
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material and Treatments
3.2. Isolation and Identification of 5-O-feruloylquinic Acid
3.3. Extraction and HPLC Analyses of Secondary Metabolites and PAL Activity
3.4. HPLC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids
3.5. Antioxidant Capacity Assay
3.6. Molecular Modelling
3.7. Statistics
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available. |
Ethephon Treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|
0 h | 24 h | 48 h | |
Hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (µg g−1 dry wt) | |||
Caffeic acid | 7.445 ± 0.595 b | 10.047 ± 0.964 b | 14.149 ± 2.399 a |
Vanillic acid | 41.368 ± 6.236 b | 62.463 ± 6.877 a | 29.276 ± 6.914 b |
Syringic acid | 1.026 ± 0.601 bc | 2.834 ± 0.5633 ab | 4.780 ± 1.372 ab |
p-Coumaric acid | 1.064 ± 0.267 ab | 0.592 ± 0.107 b | 1.596 ± 0.526 a |
Ferulic acid | 0.485 ± 0.070 a | 0.504 ± 0.1771 a | 0.692 ± 0.281 a |
Coumarin-related compounds (mg g−1 dry wt) | |||
Daphnin | 0.950 ± 0.193 b | 1.626 ± 0.113 a | 1.125 ± 0.146 b |
Z-GMCA | 6.602 ± 0.849 a | 1.225 ± 0.390 b | 6.032 ± 0.539 a |
E-GMCA | 9.626 ± 0.71 a | 6.867 ± 0.686 b | 7.455 ± 1.307 ab |
Herniarin | 0.107 ± 0.0381 b | 0.236 ± 0.064 a | 0.259 ± 0.023 a |
Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Gas temperature | 300 °C |
Gas flow | 9 L min−1 |
Nebulizer | 35 psi |
Sheat gas temperature | 380 °C |
Sheat gas flow | 12 L min−1 |
Capillary voltage | 5000 V |
Nozzle voltage | 300 V |
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Petrulova, V.; Vilkova, M.; Kovalikova, Z.; Sajko, M.; Repcak, M. Ethylene Induction of Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Antioxidants in Matricaria chamomilla. Molecules 2020, 25, 5720. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235720
Petrulova V, Vilkova M, Kovalikova Z, Sajko M, Repcak M. Ethylene Induction of Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Antioxidants in Matricaria chamomilla. Molecules. 2020; 25(23):5720. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235720
Chicago/Turabian StylePetrulova, Veronika, Maria Vilkova, Zuzana Kovalikova, Matus Sajko, and Miroslav Repcak. 2020. "Ethylene Induction of Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Antioxidants in Matricaria chamomilla" Molecules 25, no. 23: 5720. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235720