How Does Diet Influence Our Lives? Evaluating the Relationship between Isotopic Signatures and Mortality Patterns in Italian Roman Imperial and Medieval Periods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Dietary Pattern in Imperial Rome
1.2. Dietary Patterns during the Middle Ages
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Roman Imperial Period | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Parameter Estimate | Hazard Ratio (HR) | 95% Hazard Ratio Confidence Limits | p | |
Lower | Upper | ||||
Sex | 0.74 | 2.09 | 1.28 | 3.42 | 0.0032 |
(Female vs. Male) | |||||
δ13C (x increasing unit) | −0.18 | 0.84 | 0.53 | 1.32 | 0.4440 |
Linear effect | |||||
δ15N (x unit) | −2.93 | 0.0199 | |||
Linear effect | |||||
δ15N (x unit) | 0.14 | 0.0235 | |||
Quadratic effect | |||||
Medieval Period | |||||
Variable | Parameter Estimate | Hazard Ratio (HR) | 95% Hazard Ratio Confidence Limits | p | |
Lower | Upper | ||||
Sex | −0.26 | 1.00 | 0.7 | 1.43 | 0.9875 |
(Female vs. Male) | |||||
δ13C (x increasing unit) | 0.30 | 1.36 | 1.04 | 1.77 | 0.0248 |
Linear effect | |||||
δ15N (x increasing unit) | −0.26 | 0.77 | 0.67 | 0.89 | 0.0005 |
Linear effect |
Roman Imperial Samples (1st–5th Centuries CE) | |||
Archeological Sites | Chronology (Centuries) | Abbreviations and Grouping | References |
Castel Malnome | 1st–3rd centuries CE | CM | [42] |
Via Padre Semeria | 1st–3rd centuries CE | PS | [42] |
Quarto Cappello del Prete | 1st–3rd centuries CE | QCP | [42] |
Casal Bertone Necropolis | 1st–3rd centuries CE | CBN | [42] |
Casal Bertone Mausoleum | 1st–3rd centuries CE | CBM | [42] |
Casal Bertone Area Q | 1st–3rd centuries CE | CBQ | [42] |
Piazzale Ostiense | 4th–5th centuries CE | RML | [45] |
Amba Aradam | 5th century CE | RML | [45] |
Medieval Samples (8th–16th Centuries CE) | |||
Archeological Sites | Chronology (Centuries) | Abbreviations and Grouping | References |
Colonna | 8th–10th centuries CE | CO | [39] |
Santa Severa | 7th–15th centuries CE | SS | [43] |
Allumiere | 15th–16th centuries CE | AL | [40] |
Cencelle | 12th–15th centuries CE | CC | [41] |
Piazza Madonna di Loreto | 8th century CE | RMM | [44] |
San Pancrazio | 7th–8th centuries CE | RMM | [45] |
Celio I | 6th–9th centuries CE | RMM | [45] |
Celio II | 10th–11th centuries CE | RMM | [45] |
Foro della Pace | 10th–11th centuries CE | RMM | [45] |
Gabii San Primitivo | 10th–11th centuries CE | GSP | [45] |
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Baldoni, M.; Nardi, A.; De Angelis, F.; Rickards, O.; Martínez-Labarga, C. How Does Diet Influence Our Lives? Evaluating the Relationship between Isotopic Signatures and Mortality Patterns in Italian Roman Imperial and Medieval Periods. Molecules 2021, 26, 3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133895
Baldoni M, Nardi A, De Angelis F, Rickards O, Martínez-Labarga C. How Does Diet Influence Our Lives? Evaluating the Relationship between Isotopic Signatures and Mortality Patterns in Italian Roman Imperial and Medieval Periods. Molecules. 2021; 26(13):3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133895
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaldoni, Marica, Alessandra Nardi, Flavio De Angelis, Olga Rickards, and Cristina Martínez-Labarga. 2021. "How Does Diet Influence Our Lives? Evaluating the Relationship between Isotopic Signatures and Mortality Patterns in Italian Roman Imperial and Medieval Periods" Molecules 26, no. 13: 3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133895